Bile anaerobic bacteria detection and antibiotic susceptibility in patients with gallstone

OBJECTIVE: To detect bile anaerobic bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility in 59 patients with gallstoneswho had had cholecystectomy.METHODS: BACT/ALERT 120 microbe detection system and SCEPTOR microbe detection system wereused to detect bile anaerobic bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility.RESULTS: The ratio of anaerobic bacteria to the patients examined was 52.5% (31/59). Obligateanaerobe bile culture showed positive results in 4 patients. B. fragilis (37.8%) was the major type ofanaerobic bacteria in bile. Most (81.8%) of anaerobic bacteria were sensitive to metronidazole, andimipenem was suitable for β-lactamase bacteria.CONCLUSIONS: Culture of anaerobic bacteria in logarithmic phase can improve the positive rate of theculture. There are some relations between anaerobic infection and gallstone formation.

Cd^(2+) removal from wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

A process of treatment for containing Cd 2+ wastewater by sulfate reducing bacteria with upflow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor has been studied. When the concentration of COD and Cd 2+ in the influent were 270 5mg/L and 100mg/L respectively and hydraulic retention time was 4 hours, the removal rate of COD and Cd 2+ were higher than 73 8% and 99 8% respectively. The reactor can treat as high as 1000mg/L of concentration of Cd 2+ . The highest removal velocity rate of Cd 2+ reached 2999 1mg/(L·d). And the possible relationship between sulfate reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria was discussed.

Evaluation of the new OxyPlate^(TM) Anaerobic System for the isolation of ocular anaerobic bacteria

AIM: Anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. We tested the OxyPlateTM Anaerobic System (OXY) to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular disease.METHODS: OXY, which does not require direct anaerobic conditions (i.e. bags, jars), was compared to conventional isolation of incubating culture media in anaerobic bags. Standard colonies counts were performed on anaerobic ocular bacterial isolates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (anaerobic bags) using agar media: 1) OXY (aerobic only), 2) 5% sheep blood (SB), 3) Chocolate, and 4) Schaedler. The bacteria tested were de-identified ocular isolates cultured from endophthalmitis and dacryocystitis that include 10 Propionibacterium acnes and 3 Actinomyces species. The colony counts for each bacteria isolate, on each culturing condition, were ranked from largest to smallest, and non-parametrically compared to determine the best culturing condition.RESULTS: All anaerobic conditions were positive for all of the anaerobic isolates. SB and Schaedler’s agar under aerobic conditions did not support the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Sparse growth was noted on chocolate agar with Propionibacterium acnes . As an anaerobic system, SB in an anaerobic bag isolated higher colony counts than OXY (P=0.0028) and chocolate agar (P=0.0028).CONCLUSION: Although OXY did not test to be more efficient than other anaerobic systems, it appears to be a reasonable alternative for isolating anaerobic bacteria from ocular sites. The use of an agar medium in a specially designed plate, without the requirement of an anaerobic bag, rendered OXY as an advantage over other anaerobic systems.

Distribution of secretory inhibitor of platelet microbicidal protein among anaerobic bacteria isolated from stool of children with diarrhea

AIM： To study the secretory inhibitor of platelet microbicidal protein （SIPMP） phenotypes of faecal anaerobic isolates from patients with diarrhea.METHODS： Faecal isolates of anaerobic bacteria （B. fragilis, n = 42; B. longum, n = 70; A. israelii, n = 21; E. lentum, n = 12） from children with diarrhea were tested. SIPMP production was tested by inhibition of platelet microbicidal protein （PMP） bioactivity against B. subtilis and was expressed as percentage of inhibition of PMP bactericidal activity.RESULTS： Among anaerobic isolates 80% of B. longum strains, 85.7% of A. israeli/strains, 50% of E. lentum strains and 92.86% of B. fragilis strains were SIPMP-positive. The isolated anaerobic organisms demonstrated SIPMP production at a mean level of 13.8% ± 0.7%, 14.7% ± 1.8%, 3.9% ± 0.9% （P 〈 0.05） and 26.8% ± 7.5% （P 〈 0.05） for bifidobacteria, A. israelii, E. lentum and B. fragilis, respectively.CONCLUSION： Data from the present study may have significant implications in understanding the pathogenesis of microecological disorders in the intestine, as well as for future improvement in the prevention and therapy of anaerobe-associated infections.

The Influence of Anaerobic Bacteria on Human Urinary System

The anaerobic bacteria can cause infections in different parts of the body, including appendicitis, cholecystitis, otitis media, oral infections, endocarditis, endometritis, brain abscess, myocardial necrosis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, empyema, salpingitis, septic arthritis, liver abscess, sinusitis, intestinal surgery or post-traumatic wound infections, and bacteremia, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. This paper analyzes the experimental method of anaerobic bacteria to human urinary system through the influence of literature.

Annual change of the number of anaerobic sulf ite reducing bacteria in sediment of the Daya Bay

<Abstrat>The surface sediment samples were collected month by month at nine stations in the Daya Bay from January to December 1987, and the number of anaerobic sulfite reducing bacteria and their spores and the regularity of seasonal change were determined. The effect of environmental factors, water temperature and the resoluble oxygen concentration in the bottom of seawater on the number of them were discussed. The results show that the number of anaerobic su|fite reducing bacteria were low in sediment of the Daya Bay, indicating that the hay was less contaminated.

Enrichment culture of marine anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) bacteria

The present study investigates the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)bacteria in the marine environment using sediment samples obtained from the East China Sea and discusses the nitrogen removal efficiency of marine anammox bioreactor.Enrichment of anammox bacteria with simultaneous removal of nitrite and ammonium ions was observed in the Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor under a total nitrogen loading rate of 0.37kg-N m-3day-1.In this study,The nitrogen removal efficiency was up to 80%and the molar-reaction ratio of ammonium,nitrite and nitrate was 1.0:1.22:0.22 which was a little different from a previously reported ratio of 1.0:1.32:0.26 in a freshwater system.

Denitrifying phosphorous removal in anaerobic/anoxic SBR system with different startup operation mode

To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.

Review:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest. The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists. Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters. Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control. Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future. This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.

Degradation Performance and Biodiversity of an Anaerobic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Microbial Community

Polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that is hard to biodegrade. PVA-degrading microorganisms were previously reported as unitary bacteria and most of them have been identified as aerobes. In this work,a microbial community was cultured anaerobically and its degradation performance and biodiversity were analyzed. The microbial community was cultured for more than 40 d,which represents a highly efficient degradation performance with a chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 88. 48%. Operational taxonomic unit-based analysis of the sequences revealed a highly diverse community in the reactor. To note,metagenome 16s rDNA sequencing delineated 19 phyla and 41 classes. Specifically, proteobacteria, chlamydiae, bacteroidetes,firmicutes,and planctomycetes play key roles in the biodegradation processes. Moreover,the betaproteobacteria class belonging to the proteobacteria phylum was the predominant bacterial members in this community. Our results demonstrated that anaerobic treatment of PVA wastewater is feasible and confers degradation by a highly diverse microbial community.

Production of Phosphate-Rich Biofertiliser Using Vermicompost and Anaerobic Digestor Sludge—A Case Study

This paper presents the technology and cost effectiveness of production of phosphate rich biofertiliser (called PROM) by bioconversion of phosphate rock ore into soluble phosphates (that are directly assimilable by plants) in presence of an organic manure such as Vermicompost or anaerobic digestor sludge (discharged from biogas manufacturing units) and using a microbial culture of Bacillus megatherium var phosphaticum. PROM has been found to be an excellent, less expensive, substitute to synthetic phosphatic fertilisers such as SSP, MAP and DAP. This is based on real—life field trials. It is also possible to integrate the production of PROM, with biogas generation and the layout of such a more profitable, integrated scheme is also presented in this paper.

台湾冷泉中厌氧细菌的分离培养和多样性研究

针对目前台湾冷泉厌氧可培养细菌类群多样性的认知不足的现状,本研究旨在深入探究研究区域小尺度范围内可培养厌氧微生物多样性及分布规律。为此,本研究利用12种厌氧培养基,包括厌氧MA(2216E)、改良2216E(以下称为MA+、1/MA)、R2A、4种SPG厌氧培养基、3种NMS以及DZJ培养基,对采集自台湾冷泉的沉积物、海水、动物样品中的厌氧菌进行富集、分离和培养,然后通过16S rRNA基因测序对分离纯化后的菌株进行分类鉴定。研究结果表明,台湾冷泉厌氧细菌具有较高的多样性,从台湾冷泉共分离鉴定厌氧菌375株,它们分属3个门(变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria))、29个属、49个种,其中γ-变形菌纲占绝对优势地位,优势类群包括弧菌属(Vibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)等。此外,还发现了15株(3种)潜在的海洋新菌。本研究还发现,不同培养基对不同类群的影响不同且程度各异,如MA(2216E)培养基对γ-变形菌纲分离培养效率较高,而SPG培养基在获得新菌方面具有优势。

Phylogenetic analysis of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and their relatives based on farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene

The study aims to reveal phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship between aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria（AAnPB） and their relatives,anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria（AnAnPB） and nonphototrophic bacteria（NPB,which had high homology of 16S rDNA gene with AAnPB and fell into the same genus）,and validate reliability and usefulness of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase（FPPS） gene for the phylogenetic determination.FPPS genes with our modified primers and 16S rDNA genes with general primers,were amplified and sequenced or retrieved from GenBank database.In contrast to 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic tree,AAnPB were grouped into two clusters and one branch alone with no intermingling with NPB and AnAnPB in the tree constructed on FPPS.One branch of AAnPB,in both trees,was located closer to outgroup species than AnAnPB,which implicated that some AAnPB would be diverged earlier in FPPS evolutionary history than AnAnPB and NPB.Some AAnPB and NPB were closer located in both trees and this suggested that they were the closer relatives than AnAnPB.Combination codon usage in FPPS with phylogenetic analysis,the results indicates that FPPS gene and 16S rRNA gene have similar evolutionary pattern but the former seems to be more reliable and useful in determining the phylogenic and evolutionary relationship between AAnPB and their relatives.This is the first attempt to use a molecular marker beside 16S rRNA gene for studying the phylogeny of AAnPB,and the study may also be helpful in understanding the evolutionary relationship among phototrophic microbes and the trends of photosynthetic genes transfer.

Isolation and identification of a bacteria strain Enterobacter cloacae I7 for degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide

A bacteria strain for the degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） was isolated from a curing pot in HPAM distribution station of Daqing Oilfield using Hungate anaerobic technique. The isolate was investigated from morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization. It is a Gram-negative, shortbacillus, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria with an optimum growth at 8.0 pH at 40℃. It can reduce sulfate to I-I2S. Alignment of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer sequences suggests that this isolate is closely related to the Enterobacter cloacae. The isolate is identified as a new strain belonging to Enterobacter genus, temporarily named as Enterobacter cloacae 17. Analysis results of infrared spectroscopy （IR） show that the bacteria can use HPAM as the only carbon source, change the structure of HPAM polymer surface, and realize the hydrolysis of amide to carboxyl group by hydrolysis mechanism. It can degrade the side chain and change some functional groups, which obviously decreases the viscosity. GC-MS analysis indicates that the determined low-molecular weight degradation products of HPAM are polyacrylamide fragments with duplet bond, epoxy as well as carbonyl group, but most of them are acrylamide oligomer derivatives.

The Survival of Cefazolin Resistant Bacteria in Thermophilic Co-digestion of Dairy Manure and Waste Milk

Recent studies have suggested that there may be a link between the use of in-feed antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human infections. It is believed that anaerobic digestion is a potent method to reduce the antibiotic resistant bacteria present in waste from concentrated animal feeding operations. Cefazolin is a β-1actam antibiotic that is frequently used to treat the cows with mastitis in the Obihiro University herd. Disposal of untreated milk containing cefazolin residues promotes the occurrence of cefazolin resistant bacteria in the vicinity of farm, thus the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of antibiotic resistant bacteria in co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk obtained from cows treated for mastitis with cefazolin under thermophilic conditions （55 ~C）. Cow manure, digested slurry and waste milk （cefazolin residue concentration 2.17 mg/L） were used as the materials in order to have three digester contents; 100% slurry, 50% slurry ＋ 50% manure and 50% slurry ＋ 45% manure ＋ 5% waste milk. The experiment was carried out using batch digesters （1 L） with active volume of 800 mL at 55 ℃ for 20 days to determine the survival of cefazolin resistant bacteria and to observe the digester performance by determining the bio gas and methane yield using gas chromatpgrapby. Dilution plate method was used to determine the population densities of total and cefazolin resistant bacteria at 0, 10th and 20th day of digestion. Total and cefazolin resistant bacterial counts were reduced with time by several orders until 10th day of digestion and those were almost similar at day 20th. Highest daily biogas and methane yield were observed in the digester contained slurry, manure and waste milk during early digestion period （until 5th day）. The results suggest that thermophilic co-digestion of dairy manure and waste milk would be a suitable technology for reducing antibiotic （cefazolin） resistant bacteria while obtaining better digester performance.

Research in anti-anaerobe mechanism of nanometer materials

AIM:To investigate the antimicrobial spectrum of nanometer materials to 33 strains of ordinary anaerobic pathogenic bacteria isolated from 11 genera.METHODS:The anti-anaerobic effects of nanometer materials were examined and measured by test tube dilution method.RESULTS:In most tubes,there were no bacteria growth in nanometer suspension.CONCLUSION:there is a wide antimicrobial spectrum of nanometer materials and it can effectively inhibit the growth of the anaerobic bacteris.

一种新型厌氧菌培养装置的设计及其应用

设计了一种低成本进行厌氧菌培养的装置.装置以装有氧气检测仪及酵母菌培养液的玻璃真空干燥器为主体,通过真空泵抽真空及酵母菌的呼吸作用消耗氧气形成无氧环境,利用厌氧菌固体平板培养及液体培养等实验检测了装置的实用性.结果表明:该装置可满足厌氧菌生长的环境要求,能够用于厌氧微生物的培养并进行观测;同时该装置具有成本低、使用便捷、安全环保的特点,可应用于厌氧菌的相关研究及教学活动中.

垃圾发电厂渗滤液厌氧反应器启动污泥适应性研究

适合的厌氧污泥可有效缩短厌氧反应器启动时间。为揭示不同来源厌氧污泥对垃圾发电厂渗滤液的适应性,通过间歇培养方式考察了5种厌氧污泥对两种不同来源垃圾渗滤液的处理性能,并通过Illumina Miseq测序从污泥群落组成角度揭示不同厌氧污泥主要功能差异性。结果表明:对于COD高达30000 mg/L的渗滤液,接种造纸厂厌氧污泥(ZZC污泥),COD去除率在36 h达到72.3%,污泥负荷(单位质量MLVSS的COD负荷)达到10.2 kg/(kg·d);对于COD为25000 mg/L的渗滤液,接种ZZC污泥COD去除率36 h达到75.8%,污泥负荷达到10.1 kg/(kg·d)。当进水COD为30000 mg/L时,ZZC污泥对东部(DB)和南部(NB)厂区渗滤液的处理效果均较好,农加工污泥(NJG污泥)对DB厂区渗滤液的处理效果最好,养殖厂污泥(YZC污泥)对NB厂区渗滤液的处理效果最好。使用ZZC污泥进行两厂区厌氧反应器的快速启动,可以有效提高厌氧反应器的甲烷产量。

临床感染标本厌氧菌质谱鉴定及临床特征

目的探讨我院厌氧菌感染的种属分布、耐药性和临床特征,为临床治疗提供参考。方法收集2020年1月至2023年6月从临床感染标本中分离的非重复感染部位、非重复株厌氧菌菌株248株。采用MALDI-TOF MS技术鉴定厌氧菌种属,采用天地人微生物检测系统进行药敏试验和β-内酰胺酶实验,并进行临床分析。结果共分离248株厌氧菌,分属13个属,以拟杆菌属(44.4%)、普雷沃菌属(16.1%)和消化链球菌属(15.3%)为主。拟杆菌属中脆弱拟杆菌(74.5%)最多,主要来自分泌物、脓液和静脉血。脆弱拟杆菌对甲硝唑、氯霉素、头孢西丁、头孢三代药物、碳青霉烯类药物和β-内酰胺类复合药药物的敏感率均>85%。青霉素、氨苄西林耐药率为100%。对四环素和克林霉素耐药率>50%。β-内酰胺酶阳性率100%。结论厌氧菌是重要的感染病原体,其耐药性明显增加。实验室应加强对厌氧菌的鉴定和药敏试验指导临床合理用药,提高治疗效果。

改性载体厌氧氨氧化生物膜在浅层地下水修复中脱氮效能的模拟研究

为探究厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)在模拟地下水环境条件下脱氮性能的研究,以人工配水为进水,采用可渗透反应墙(PRB)作为模拟装置,使用纳米零价铁(nZVI)改性生物炭(BC)(nZVI@BC)厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)生物膜作为填料,设置装置模拟温度从高温(33℃)降至实验室室温(21℃)的过程,探究降温过程中AnAOB生物膜填料对PRB装置脱氮性能的影响。结果表明:①PRB装置经过71 d的模拟运行,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜的PRB装置总氮(TIN)去除率达到82%,明显优于空白组(59.27%),且AnAOB生物膜脱氮贡献率占22.73%。②随着温度的变化,AnAOB生物膜的红色逐渐变淡,且生物膜污泥逐渐流失。③微生物群落结构表明,微生物多样性下降,优势物种在富集。从门水平上看,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的相对丰度提升,逐步成为优势菌门,而浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度则降低。从属水平上来看,AnAOB优势属Candidatus Brocadia的相对丰度逐步提升,Candidatus Kuenenia的相对丰度则降低。研究显示,nZVI@BC载体AnAOB生物膜填料组成的生物膜微生物系统在PRB装置降温过程中维持稳定,同时AnAOB生物膜群落结构随降温过程的变化而变化,以应对降温过程中带来的不利影响。