Bioelectricity from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Organic Solid Wastes and Sewage Sludge Using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)

Recently microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been considered as an alternative power generation technique by utilizing organic wastes. In this study, an experiment was carried out to generate bioelectricity from co-digestion of organic waste (kitchen waste) and sewage sludge as a waste management option using microbial fuel cell (MFC) in anaerobic process. A total of five samples with different sludge-waste ratio were used with zinc (Zn) and cupper (Cu) as cell electrodes for the test. The trends of voltage generation were different for each sample in cells such as 350 mV, 263 mV, 416 mV maximum voltage were measured from sample I, II and III respectively. It was observed that the MFC with sewage sludge showed the higher values (around 960 mV) of voltages with time whereas 918 mV obtained with organic waste. Precisely comparing cases with varying the organic waste and sewage sludge ratio helps to find the best bioelectricity generation option. Using MFCs can be appeared as the solution of electricity scarcity along the world as an efficient and eco-friendly manner as well as organic solid waste and sewage sludge management.

Bioenergy Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Abattoir Wastes

Energy is the pillar of human economic development. Several energy sources, renewable and non-renewable, have been exploited to assure and sustain the need for sustainable development. However, depletion of non-renewable energy sources forced researchers to search for alternative cost effective and environmental friendly energy sources. Thus, conversion of waste materials into energy has obtained considerable attention. In line with this, the aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of bio-energy production through anaerobic digestion of mixture of wastes from sewage sludge and abattoir sources. The abattoir waste is functioned as a co-substrate. Laboratory scale batch anaerobic co-digestion of the waste is carried out under mesophilic condition for 20 days. Sewage Sludge (SS) alone, and different mix ratios of SS to Abattoir Waste (AW) were analyzed for bioenergy production. Besides, the nutrient values and reduction in volume of the sewage after digestion were determined. The results show that methane productions of 33.8%, 48.3% and 56.9% were obtained for SS alone and for SS:AW mix ratios of 4:1 and 3:2, respectively. The nutrient values of the slurry increased as mix ratio decreased due to the increase in the amount of AW. The obtained results indicate that bio-energy production can be improved through co-digestion of SS using AW as a co-substrate;thus warranting further investigation for the practical application in the energy production.

Experimental Study on Anaerobic Digestion of Remaining Sludge in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Along with the development and progress of environmental protection management,it is necessary to pay full attention to the disposal of excess sludge in the process of urban sewage treatment plant management.It is necessary to ensure effective integration of management mechanisms and management paths.To a certain extent,it can improve the actual efficiency of digestion and treatment work and lay a foundation for the optimal operation of environmental protection management.In this paper,the treatment of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant is studied.The method and results of anaerobic digestion test of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant are discussed for reference only.

Effect of nitrite on hydrolysis-acidification, biogas production and microbial community in semi-continuous two-phase anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Previous study found that the pre-treatment of sewage sludge with nitrite improves the biogas production during the mono/two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) using batch biochemical methane potential tests.In this study,the effects of nitrite on hydrolysisacidification,biogas production,volatile solids destruction and microbial composition in semi-continuous two-phase AD of sewage sludge were investigated.The addition of nitrite promotes sludge organic matter solubilization (+484%) and VFAs production (+98.9%),and causes an increase in the VS degradation rate during the AD process (+8.7%).The comparison of biogas production from the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors with or without the addition of nitrite implies that the nitrite has no significant effect on the overall biogas production of two-phase sludge AD process.High-throughput sequencing analysis shows that the microbial communities of bacteria and archaea in two-phase AD reactors significantly changes after the addition of nitrite.Vulcanibacillus (bacteria) and Candidatus Methanofastidiosum (archaea) become the dominant genera in the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors with the nitrite respectively.These findings provide new insights about using nitrite to promote the organic matter degradation of sewage sludge in a semicontinuous two-phase AD system.

Effect of manganese oxide-modified biochar addition on methane production and heavy metal speciation during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Low organic matter content and high heavy metal levels severely inhibit the anaerobic digestion(AD) of sewage sludge. In this study, the effect of added manganese oxidemodified biochar composite(MBC) on methane production and heavy metal fractionation during sewage sludge AD was examined. The MBC could increase the buffering capacity,enhance the methane production and degradation of intermediate acids, buffer the pH of the culture, and stabilize the sewage sludge AD process. The application of MBC positively impacted methane production and the cumulative methane yield increased up to 121.97%,as compared with the control. The MBC addition can improve metal stabilization in the digestate. An optimum MBC dose of 2.36 g was recommended, which would produce up to 121.1 L/kg volatile solids of methane. After the AD process, even though most of the metals accumulated in the residual solids, they could be transformation from the bio-available fractions to a more stable fraction. The total organic-and sulfide-bound and residual fraction content at a 3 g dose of MBC that is 0.12 g/g dry matter were 51.06% and 35.11% higher than the control, respectively. The results indicated that the application of MBC could improve the performance of AD and promote stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge post the AD process.

Influencing mechanism of high solid concentration on anaerobic mono-digestion of sewage sludge without agitation

High-solids anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge was a promising process, but high solid concentra- tion negatively influenced methane production. The influencing mechanism was systematically analyzed in this study through a series of static anaerobic digestion experiments at total solids （TS） contents of 3%--15%. The results showed that TS 6% was the boundary between low- solids and high-solids anaerobic digestion, and the accumulative methane yield decreased exponentially when TS increased from 6% to 15%. The performance of anaerobic digestion was directly determined by the efficiency of mass transfer, and the relation between methane yield and sludge diffusive coefficients was well described by a power function. Thus, the increasing TS resulted in an exponential increase in sludge viscosity but an exponential decrease in diffusive coefficient. The blocked mass transfer led to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids （VFAs） and free ammonia. Acetic metabolism was the main process, whereas butyric and propionic metabolisms occurred at the initial stage of high-solids anaerobic digestion. The concentration of VFAs reached the maximum at the initial stage, which were still lower than the threshold influencing methanogens. The concen- tration of free ammonia increased gradually, and the methanogenesis was inhibited when free ammonia nitro- gen exceeded 50 mg.L^-1. Consequently, the deterioration of high-solids anaerobic digestion was related to the blocked mass transfer and the resulting ammonia accumu- lation.

厌氧消化和好氧堆肥对城市污泥中新污染物的削减

城镇污水处理规模的扩大使得城市污泥的产生量增加,而药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)、生物性污染物、微塑料(MPs)和雌激素等新污染物在污泥中的检出率也呈增加趋势。污泥厌氧消化制沼气、好氧堆肥制土壤改良剂具有削减污染物、回收有价值组分、降低环境风险等多重功效,然而它们对新污染物的削减效果尚待考察。以上述4种新污染物为例,比较了它们在不同国家城市污泥中的存在状况,综述了厌氧消化、好氧堆肥、厌氧消化和好氧堆肥结合以及与物化措施联合对新污染物的削减情况及存在的问题。针对污泥中多种新污染物并存的状况,提出未来应开发针对多种新污染物的去除技术,同时强化新污染物削减机制的研究,以保障城市污泥的安全利用。

Impact of ozone assisted ultrasonication pre-treatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

Impact of ultrasonication（ULS） and ultrasonication-ozonation（ULS-Ozone） pre-treatment on the anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated with semi-continuous anaerobic reactors at solid retention time（SRT） of 10 and 20 days. The control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors produced 256, 309 and 348 m L biogas/g CODfedand the volatile solid（VS） removals were 35.6%, 38.3% and 42.1%, respectively at SRT of 10 days. At SRT of20 days, the biogas yields reached 313, 337 and 393 m L biogas/g CODfedand the VS removal rates were 37.3%, 40.9% and 45.3% in the control, ULS and ULS-Ozone reactors, respectively.ULS-Ozone pre-treatment increased the residual organic amount in the digested sludge.These soluble residual organics were found to contain macromolecules with molecular weights（MW） larger than 500 k Da and smaller polymeric products with MW around 19.4and 7.7 k Da. These compounds were further characterized to be humic acid-like substances with fluorescent spectroscopy analysis.

Absolute dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digesters

Anaerobic digestion （AD） is gaining increasing attention due to the ability to covert organic pollutants into energy-rich biogas and, accordingly, growing interest is paid to the microbial ecology of AD systems. Despite extensive efforts, AD microbial ecology is still limitedly understood, especially due to the lack of quantitative information on the structures and dynamics of AD microbial communities. Such knowledge gap is particularly pronounced in sewage sludge AD processes although treating sewage sludge is among the major practical applications of AD. Therefore, we examined the microbial communities in three full-scale sewage sludge digesters using qualitative and quantitative molecular techniques in combination： denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Eight out of eleven bacterial sequences retrieved from the DGGE analysis were not affiliated to any known species while all eleven archaeal sequences were assigned to known methanogen species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that, based on the 16S rRNA gene abundance, the hydrogenotrophic order Methanomicrobiales is the most dominant methanogen group （〉 94% of the total methanogen population） in all digesters. This corresponds well to the prevailing occurrence of the DGGE bands related to Methanolinea and Methanospirillum, both belonging to the order Methanomicrobiales, in all sludge samples. It is therefore suggested that hydrogenotrophic methanogens, especially Methanomicrobiales strains, are likely the major players responsible for biogas production in the digesters studied. Our observation is contrary to the conventional understanding that aceticlastic methanogens generally dominate methanogen communities in stable AD environments, suggesting the need for further studies on the dominance relationship in various AD systems.

AnMBR处理剩余污泥与厨余共消化的效能研究

构建了高固体厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)工艺,考察了有机负荷(OLR)对AnMBR处理剩余污泥和厨余的影响与作用机制.当OLR为4gCOD/(L·d)时,产甲烷率可达(301.5±4.2)mLCH_(4)/gCOD_(fed),与高水解率(78.8%)和比产甲烷活性有关.OLR为4~8gCOD/(L·d)时,通过调整适宜的出水泵抽停时间比,实现了低膜污染速率(0.3kPa/d)下的稳定长效运行.经过物化清洗后,SEM-EDX分析表明膜基本可恢复初始形态,C、Fe、P等元素的含量显著降低.宏基因测序结果表明,在OLR为4gCOD/(L·d)时,Defluviitoga是优势细菌属,其相对丰度最高((45.1%),Methanosarcina为优势古菌属(76.9%).当OLR提升至8gCOD/(L·d),Methanothrix相对丰度显著增加至50.4%,为该阶段主要优势古菌属,古菌群落受OLR的影响较大;在高OLR条件下(11g COD/(L·d)),Methanoculleus的相对丰度逐步上升(0.7%增加到2.4%).宏基因测序结果表明高负荷下氢营养型产甲烷代谢活性受到抑制可能与K14126(mvhA)、K00205(fwdF,fmd)和K00125(fdhB)代谢通路占比的变化有关.适宜的OLR有利于构建稳定的群落结构和高效的厌氧共消化代谢途径,促进了有机物向甲烷的生物转化.

Overview of key operation factors and strategies for improving fermentative volatile fatty acid production and product regulation from sewage sludge

In recent years,volatile fatty acid(VFA)production through anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge,instead of methane production,has been regarded as a high-value and promising roadmap for sludge stabilization and resource recovery.This review first presents the effects of some essential factors that influence VFA production and composition.In the second part,we present an extensive analysis of conventional pretreatment and co-fermentation strategies ultimately addressed to improving VFA production and composition.Also,the effectiveness of these approaches is summarized in terms of sludge degradation,hydrolysis rate,and VFA production and composition.According to published studies,it is concluded that some pretreatments such as alkaline and thermal pretreatment are the most effective ways to enhance VFA production from sewage sludge.The possible reasons for the improvement of VFA production by different methods are also discussed.Finally,this review also highlights several current technical challenges and opportunities in VFA production with spectrum control,and further related research is proposed.

Effect of wastewater treatment processes on the pyrolysis properties of the pyrolysis tars from sewage sludges

The pyrolysis properties of five different pyrolysis tars, which the tars from 1# to 5# are obtained by pyrolyzing the sewage sludges of anaerobic digestion and indigestion from the A2/O wastewater treatment process, those from the activated sludge process and the indigested sludge from the continuous SBR process respectively, were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the pyrolysis processes of the pyrolysis tars of 1#, 2#, 3# and 5# all can be divided into four stages: the stages of light organic compounds releasing, heavy polar organic compounds decomposition, heavy organic compounds decomposition and the residual organic compounds decomposition. However, the process of 4# pyrolysis tar is only divided into three stages: the stages of light organic compounds releasing, decomposition of heavy polar organic compounds and the residual heavy organic compounds respectively. Both the sludge anaerobic digestion and the "anaerobic" process in wastewater treatment processes make the content of light organic compounds in tars decrease, but make that of heavy organic compounds with complex structure increase. Besides, both make the pyrolysis properties of the tars become worse. The pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of the five pyrolysis tars have been studied with Coats-Redfern equation. It shows that there are the same mechanism functions in the first stage for the five tars and in the second and third stage for the tars of 1#, 2#, 3# and 5#, which is different with the function in the second stage for 4# tar. The five tars are easy to volatile.

城市污泥能源化利用研究进展

城市污泥的处理处置是近年来关注的热点问题之一,其能源化利用的价值逐渐得到研究者重视。本文在对城市污泥成分和性质总结的基础上,介绍了目前污泥能源化利用的主要技术和方法,包括厌氧消化、热解和气化、燃烧和混烧、微生物燃料电池等,从原理、工艺、产物、污染控制等方面对上述方法进行了综述。通过对几种技术方法对比分析,指出燃烧和混烧可直接实现能量转化,是目前可直接应用推广的技术,但成本较高、污染气体及灰分需进一步处理处置;气化、热解可避免污染气体等二次污染,但工艺和设备较复杂,尚未实现应用;厌氧消化和微生物燃料电池技术通过微生物作用实现污泥减量和能源产出,是污泥能源化利用的研究和发展方向。

易腐有机废物与剩余污泥混和厌氧消化处理

以高TS(固体含量)易腐有机废物与剩余污泥为原料,研究了二者混合后的厌氧消化规律。固体含量分别为20%、30%、35%和40%,添加污泥为有机质的厌氧消化提供了足够的微生物量。试验结果表明,在TS为20%、30%温度35℃和TS为35%温度55℃时均未出现酸抑制现象。各组试验在pH值下降到3.8后仍可以回升至中性。在pH值下降过程中,消化液相VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)浓度低、波动较小,在pH值上升过程中VFA浓度迅速增大,中温消化时VFA增加幅度大于高温消化。当TS增加到40%时出现了严重酸化,pH值维持在较低水平。消化液相CODCr经过短时间的上升后浓度较高,在10000.0～20000.0mg·L-1之间。中温消化H2S浓度显著高于高温消化,最大浓度为500mL·L-1,NH3最大浓度为200mL·L-1。原料中纤维素含量对降解率影响较大,原料纤维素含量较低时降解率很小。

城市污水处理厂污泥处置的现状及研究进展

随着中国经济和城镇化的迅速发展,城市污水处理量大幅增加,污水处理厂产生的污泥也随之增长.由于污水厂污泥产量增长迅速、成分复杂等特点,若处理不当,不仅会对环境造成二次污染,同时也是对污泥中所含营养资源的一种浪费.不同的国家根据本国的国情对污泥处置的方法各有不同的特点和侧重.本文对各国污水处理厂污泥处理的现状进行了比较和分析.同时对世界各国污泥处理的研究及最新进展工作进行了梳理和介绍,特别着重介绍了厌氧消化技术与其他技术结合处置城市污泥研究进展和技术创新.同时结合国内实际,指出了污泥处理的发展趋向.

热水解预处理改善污泥的厌氧消化性能

先将污泥进行热水解预处理 ,其后测定生物化学甲烷势 (BMP)来研究热水解对污泥厌氧消化性能的影响 .结果表明 ,热水解预处理能加速污泥中固体有机物的溶解 ,溶解后的有机物进一步水解生成低分子物质 ,其中挥发性有机酸占溶解性COD(SCOD)的 30 %～ 4 0 % ,从而污泥的厌氧消化性能得到明显改善 .最合适的热水解温度和热水解时间为 170℃、30min .此条件下 ,污泥厌氧消化时总COD(TCOD)去除率从预处理前的 38 11%提高到 5 6 78% ,污泥中TCOD的沼气产率从 16 0mL/g提高到 2 5 0mL/g .

城市污水处理厂预热处理混合污泥的高温厌氧消化特性研究

针对165℃、30min预处理后的混合污泥,进行高温厌氧消化的连续试验.研究了在不同的水力停留时间（HRT）下的产气量、有机物的分解率等指标,探讨了“热处理＋高温消化”实用化的可行性.结果表明,总固体（TS）为70g·L^-1、预热处理后的混合污泥经高温厌氧消化,在HRT.为10、20、30d的条件下,产气率为2.82、1.70和1.19 L·L^-1·d^-1;降解单位COD的产气量为968、1053和1091 L·kg^-1;COD分解率为47%～52%;有机物分解率与HRT的关系符合一级反应动力学关系.COD物质平衡计算结果表明,基质中50%的固态有机物被分解转化,生物气中的甲烷含量可达59.1%.本研究中的厌氧消化反应可归纳为C8.38H19.7O7.59N＋3.86H2O→4.38CH4＋2.99CO2＋NH4^＋ ＋HCO3ˉ.

餐厨垃圾与污泥两相中温厌氧消化试验研究

研究了混合比例和污泥停留时间对餐厨垃圾与污泥联合两相中温厌氧消化过程的影响。相较于餐厨垃圾与污泥TS比为1∶3的条件,TS比为1∶1时两相系统具有更好的产气效果、有机物去除效果和运行稳定性。随着SRT的延长,两相系统有机负荷逐步降低,产甲烷速率相应降低,单位体积进料产沼气量以及有机物去除率逐步提高。在餐厨垃圾与污泥TS比为1∶1的条件下,两相厌氧消化系统最佳SRT为25 d(产酸相和产甲烷相分别为5 d和20 d);此时,沼气中甲烷含量高达71%,产甲烷速率和甲烷产率分别为0.7 L/L·d和0.69 L/gVS去除,两相系统VS去除率达到64.7%。

污泥水分含量对其空气气化特性的影响(英文)

利用外热式下吸固定床气化实验装置,研究了在一定的空气流量(0.05 m3/h)、气化温度(800℃)下污泥水分含量对3种不同性质污泥空气气化特性的影响。结果表明,气化气中CO2、CH4和H2含量、气化气热值以及水相生成量均随污泥水分含量的增加而增加,而CO含量和焦油生成量呈降低趋势。污泥厌氧消化使气化气中CO、CH4、H2、CmHn含量以及气化气品质降低;而污水处理工艺中的厌氧过程可改善气化气品质,其中来自A2/O工艺消化污泥的气化气品质高于普通活性污泥法消化污泥的气化气品质。随着污泥水分含量的增加,2种不同污水处理工艺产生的消化污泥气化气中CO、CO2和H2含量的差距逐渐加大,来自于同一A2/O工艺的消化与未消化污泥气化气中H2和CO2含量的差距亦逐渐加大,而消化与未消化污泥气化气中CO含量的差距则逐渐接近。

处理污泥的“热水解-ASBR”组合工艺研究

近年来污泥“热水解-厌氧消化”处理工艺备受重视,在考察热水解预处理对污泥化学成分及厌氧消化性能影响的基础上,利用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)代替传统的连续流搅拌反应器(CSTR),从而建立了“热水解-ASBR”新工艺。研究表明,热水解预处理能改善污泥的厌氧消化性能,最合适的预处理条件是热水解温度170℃、热水解时间30min。热水解污泥厌氧消化时,在水力停留时间(HRT)为20,10,7.5和5d的条件下ASBR的有机物去除率和甲烷产气率均比CSTR的高,且ASBR合适的HRT为10d。此时“热水解-ASBR”工艺的TCOD去除率和甲烷产气率比“热水解-CSTR”工艺分别提高27.93%和25.14%。