Getting Fuel from Sucrose (Table Sugar)

This idea is based mainly on the most important biochemical process, which is the process of bioremediation, it is based on the use of anaerobic fermentation yeast/Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the conversion of sugar to alcohol and then oxidizing it to get food vinegar followed by some reactions of neutralization and heating using catalysts and increasing pressure to get water gas, or what it is called natural gas. This method produces three liters of natural gas using one liter of sugar solution. The main result of this process is getting 3 folds of natural gas from 1 liter of sugar in addition that the source of biofuel is agricultural so it is free from the organic impurities that are always present with fossil fuels would be obtained and the biofuel obtained does not cause air pollution. Glucose is fermented under anaerobic conditions to avoid the formation of bread yeast.

Effect of vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and their straw amendment on soil enzymes, respiration, functional diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms under field conditions

With the development of transgenic crops, there is an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of their vegetation and residues on soil environmental quality. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines Huachi B6 （HC） and TT51 （TT） followed by the return of their straw to the soil on soil enzymes （catalase, urease, neutral phosphatase and invertase）, anaerobic respiration activity, microbial utilization of carbon substrates and community structure, under field conditions. The results indicated that the vegetation of the two transgenic rice lines （HC and TT） and return of their straw had few adverse effects on soil enzymes and anaerobic respiration activity compared to their parent and distant parent, although some transient differences were observed. The vegetation and subsequent straw amendment of Bt rice HC and TT did not appear to have a harmful effect on the richness, evenness and community structure of soil microorganisms. No different pattern of impact due to plant species was found between HC and TT. It could be concluded that the vegetation of transgenic Bt rice lines and the return of their straw as organic fertilizer may not alter soil microbe-mediated functions.

Genomic insights into versatile lifestyle of three new bacterial candidate phyla

Metagenomic explorations of the Earth's biosphere enable the discovery of previously unknown bacterial lineages of phylogenetic and ecological significance.Here,we retrieved 11 metagenomic-assembled genomes(MAGs)affiliated to three new monophyletic bacterial lineages from the seawater of the Yap Trench.Phylogenomic analysis revealed that each lineage is a new bacterial candidate phylum,subsequently named Candidatus Qinglongiota,Candidatus Heilongiota,and Candidatus Canglongiota.Metabolic reconstruction of genomes from the three phyla suggested that they adopt a versatile lifestyle,with the potential to utilize various types of sugars,proteins,and/or short-chain fatty acids through anaerobic pathways.This was further confirmed by a global distribution map of the three phyla,indicating a preference for oxygen-limited or particle-attached niches,such as anoxic sedimentary environments.Of note,Candidatus Canglongiota genomes harbor genes for the complete WoodLjungdahl pathway and sulfate reduction that are similar to those identified in some sulfate-reducing bacteria.Evolutionary analysis indicated that gene gain and loss events,and horizontal gene transfer(HGT)play important roles in shaping the genomic and metabolic features of the three new phyla.This study presents the genomic insight into the ecology,metabolism,and evolution of three new phyla,which broadens the phylum-level diversity within the domain Bacteria.