Complete resection of recurrent anal canal cancer using endoscopic submucosal dissection and transanal resection: A case report

BACKGROUND Early anal canal cancer is frequently treated with endoscopic submucosal dis-section(ESD)to preserve anal function.However,if the lesion is in the anal canal,then significant difficulties such as bleeding and challenges associated with scope manipulation can arise.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old woman undergoing follow-up after transverse colon cancer surgery was diagnosed with anal canal cancer extending to the dentate line.The patient underwent a combination of ESD and transanal resection(TAR).The specimen was excised in pieces,which resulted in difficulty performing the pathological evaluation of the margins,especially on the anal side where TAR was performed and severe crushing was observed.Careful follow-up was performed,and local recurrence was observed 3 years postoperatively.Because the patient had super-ficial cancer without lymph node metastasis,local resection was performed again.The second treatment attempt was improved as follows:(1)TAR and ESD were performed appropriately based on the situation by the same physician;(2)A needle scalpel was used during TAR to prevent tissue crushing;and(3)The lesion borders were marked using ESD techniques before treatment.Complete resection was performed without complications.CONCLUSION Anal canal lesions can be safely and reliably removed when ESD and TAR are used appropriately.

Infiltrating adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenoma of the anal canal

Primary neoplasms arising in the anal canal are relatively unusual.In particular, adenomas and adenocarcinomas are distinctly rare entities in this region.We describe an infiltrating, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenoma from the distal anal canal, in an otherwise healthy patient at low risk for gastrointestinal malignancy.This is the case of an octogenarian man with a several year history of hemorrhoids and intermittent rectal bleeding, more recently complaining of continuous hematochezia.Examination revealed a blood-covered pedunculated mass with a long stalk protruding from the anus.The lesion was amputated at the bedside.Microscopic evaluation revealed an infiltrating well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, arising from a villous adenoma.This was further evaluated under anesthesia and complete excision of distal anal tissue was performed.Our report is the f irst describing the possible malignant degeneration of a villous adenoma in the anal canal.

Anal canal gastrointestinal stromal tumors:Case report and literature review

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are an uncommon group of tumors of mesenchymal origin. GIST of the anal canal is extremely rare. At present, only 10 cases of c-kit positive anal GIST have been reported in the literature. There is no widely accepted treatment approach for this neoplasia. Literature is sparse on imaging evaluation of anal canal GIST, usually described as a lesion in the intersphincteric space. We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with a mass in the anal canal, and no other symptoms. Endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a well circumscribed solid nodule in the intersphincteric space. The patient was treated by local excision. Gross pathological examination showed a 7 cm × 3.5 cm × 3 cm mass, and histological examination showed a proliferation of spindle cells, with prominent nuclear palisading. The mitotic count was of 12 mitoses/50 HPF. The tumor was positive for KIT protein, CD34 and vimentin in the majority of cells, and negative for desmin and S100. A diagnosis of GIST, with high risk aggressive behavior was made. An abdomino-perineal resection was discussed, but refused. The follow-up included clinical evaluation and anal ultrasound. After 5 years the patient is well, with maintained continence and no evidence of local recurrence.

Tubulovillous adenoma of anal canal: A case report

Tumors arising from the anal canal are usually of epithelial origin and are mostly squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma. We present a case of benign anal adenomas arising from the anus, an extremely rare diagnosis. A 78-year-old white man presented with rectal bleeding of several months duration. Examination revealed a 4 cm friable mass attached to the anus by a stalk. At surgery, the mass was grasped with a Babcock forceps and was resected using electrocautery. Microscopic examination revealed a tubulovillus adenoma with no areas of high grade dysplasia or malignant transformation. The squamocolumnar junction was visible at the edges of the lesion confirming the anal origin of the tumor. We believe the tubulovillus adenoma arose from either an anal gland or its duct that opens into the anus. Although seen rarely, it is important to recognize and treat these tumors at an early stage because of their potential to transform into adenocarcinoma.

Cloacogenic carcinoma of anal canal:two case reports and review of Chinese literature

Cloacogenic carcinoma is a rare tumor of rectum and anus,which originating from epithelium of the anal transition zone of embryonic residuals.We described the medical history of two patients with cloacogenic carcinoma of anal canal and reviewed of the Chinese literature(January 1994 to March 2009).In conclusion,cloacogenic carcinoma of anal canal can obtain good results with a abdominoperineal excision(APE).

Synchronous rectal adenocarcinoma and anal canal adenocarcinoma

It is difficult to distinguish a rectal carcinoma with anal metastases from coexistent synchronous anorectal carcinomas.The therapeutic strategy for rectal and anal carcinoma is so different that it should be clearly identified.Here,we report on the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with an upper-third rectal adenocarcinoma.Five months after resection,he developed an adenocarcinoma in the anal canal.The histological slides of both tumors were reviewed and immunohistochemical studies for cytokeratins(CKs)7 and 20 were performed.The index tumor demonstrated CK 7–/CK 20+and the second showed CK7+/CK20+.For this reason,we believe the present case had synchronous adenocarcinomas arising from anal canal and the rectum separately.It is very important to differentiate the anorectal lesions pathologically because of the impact on the therapeutic options available,especially for the lesion arising in the anal canal.

Surgical approach for lower postoperative anal stenosis

After anorectal surgery,hemorrhoids frequently lead to chronic issues,partic-ularly in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Liu et al investigated the outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions following modified stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)in patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids.This study included patients who underwent standard or modified SH between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020.Key metrics assessed included hospital stay duration,blood loss,operation time,and the incidence of minor or major complications.The findings indicated that the modified SH technique is a safe option for advanced-grade hemorrhoids,resulting in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis compared to standard SH.Notably,this technique also showed reduced anal stenosis rates in patients with prior hemorrhoid treatments.While the modified SH demonstrates immediate benefits,further research is necessary to evaluate long-term effects.Despite its advantages,the study’s limited sample size restricts the generalizability of the findings,underscoring the need for larger,long-term studies to validate these results.Clinically,the modified SH method appears to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative anal stenosis,a common concern following typical surgeries.If confirmed by larger trials,this procedure may become the preferred surgical approach for hemorrhoids.In conclusion,the work of Liu et al signifies a meaningful advancement in hemorrhoid surgery,enhancing patient safety and outcomes.

Surgical treatment of anal stenosis

Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of studies relevant to the management of anal stenosis was undertaken. The etiology, pathophysiology and classification of anal stenosis were reviewed. An overview of surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options was developed. Ninety percent of anal stenosis is caused by overzealous hemorrhoidectomy. Treatment, both medical and surgical, should be modulated based on stenosis severity. Mild stenosis can be managed conservatively with stool softeners or fiber supplements. Sphincterotomy may be quite adequate for a patient with a mild degree of narrowing. For more severe stenosis, a formal anoplasty should be performed to treat the loss of anal canal tissue. Anal stenosis may be anatomic or functional. Anal stricture is most often a preventable complication. Many techniques have been used for the treatment of anal stenosis with variable healing rates. It is extremely difficult to interpret the results of the various anoplastic procedures described in the literature as prospective trials have not been performed. However, almost any approach will at least improve patient symptoms.

Transcutaneous perianal sonography:A sensitive method for the detection of perianal inflammatory lesions in Crohn's disease

AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments and expertise.We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of transcutaneous perianal ultrasound(PAUS)using regular ultrasound probes in the imaging of perianal inflammatory lesions.The sonographic findings were correlated to pelvic MR]-scans. METHODS:We performed PAUS in 25 patients with Crohn's disease and clinical signs of perianal inflammatory disease. Wibhin a median of 10 d(range 0-75)these patients underwent MRI of the pelvis.Regular convex and linear high resolution probes were used for PAUS.The sonographic findings were correlated to the MRI findings by blinded investigators. RESULTS:The sonographic investigations were well tolerated by all patients.Fistulae typically presented as hypoechoic tracks.Twenty-nine fistulae were detected in 22 patients.Abscesses were detected in 7 patients and presented as hypo-or anechoic formations.Twenty-six of 29 fistulae and 6 of 7 abscesses could be confirmed by MRI.Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement (kappa>0.83)between the two imaging methods. CONCLUSION:PAUS is a simple,painless,feasible,real- time method that can be performed without specific patient preparation which is comparable in its sensitivity to pelvic MRI in the detection of perianal fistulae and/or abscesses. PAUS can especially be recommended as a screening tool in acute perianal disorders such as perianal abscess and for follow-up studies of perianal inflammatory disease.

Transanal minimally invasive surgery vs endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal benign tumors and rectal carcinoids: A retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND Transanal minimally invasive surgery(TAMIS)is a good choice for resection of rectal neoplasms.Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)is also widely used in the treatment of benign rectal tumors such as rectal polyps and rectal adenomas.However,no studies have compared the outcome of TAMIS and EMR.AIM To compare the short-term outcomes after TAMIS and EMR for rectal carcinoid and benign tumors(including rectal polyps and adenomas).METHODS From January 2014 to January 2019,44 patients who received TAMIS and 53 patients who received EMR at The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai were selected.Primary outcomes(surgical-related)were operating time,blood loss,length of postoperative hospital stay,rate of resection margin involvement and lesion fragmentation rate.The secondary outcomes were complications such as hemorrhage,urinary retention,postoperative infection and reoperation.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in terms of blood loss(12.48±8.00 mL for TAMIS vs 11.45±7.82 mL for EMR,P=0.527)and length of postoperative hospital stay(3.50±1.87 d for TAMIS vs 2.72±1.98 d for EMR,P=0.065)between the two groups.Operating time was significantly shorter for EMR compared with TAMIS(21.19±9.49 min vs 49.95±15.28 min,P=0.001).The lesion fragmentation rate in the EMR group was 22.6%(12/53)and was significantly higher than that(0%,0/44)in the TAMIS group(P=0.001).TAMIS was associated with a higher urinary retention rate(13.6%,6/44 vs 1.9%,1/53 P=0.026)and lower hemorrhage rate(0%,0/44 vs 18.9%,10/53 P=0.002).A significantly higher reoperation rate was observed in the EMR group(9.4%,5/53 vs 0%,0/44 P=0.036).

Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps,should they be removed during anal fissure surgery?

AIM:Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are not given due importance in the proctology practice. They are mostly ignored being considered as normal structures.The present study was aimed to demonstrate that hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps could cause symptoms to the patients and that they should be removed in treatment of patients with chronic fissure in anus. METHODS:Two groups of patients were studied.A hundred patients were studied in group A in which the associated fibrous polyp or papillae were removed by radio frequency surgical device after a lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for relieving the sphincter spasm.Another group of a hundred patients who also had papillae or fibrous polyps,were treated by lateral sphincterotomy alone.They were followed up for one year. RESULTS:Eighty-nine percent patients from group A expressed their satisfaction with the treatment in comparison to only 64% from group B who underwent sphincterotomy alone with the papillae or anal polyps left untreated.Group A patients showed a marked reduction with regard to pain and irritation during defecation (P=0.0011), pricking or foreign body sensation in the anus (P=0.0006) and pruritus or wetness around the anal verge (P=0.0008). CONCLUSION:Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps should be removed during treatment of chronic anal fissure.This would add to effectiveness and completeness of the procedure.

Is anoplasty superior to scar revision surgery for posthemorrhoidectomy anal stenosis?Six years of experience

BACKGROUND Anal stenosis is a rare but frustrating condition that usually occurs as a complication of hemorrhoidectomy.The severity of anal stenosis can be classified into three categories:mild,moderate,and severe.There are two main surgical treatments for this condition:scar revision surgery and anoplasty;however,no studies have compared these two approaches,and it remains unclear which is preferrable for stenoses of different severities.AIM To compare the outcomes of scar revision surgery and double diamond-shaped flap anoplasty.METHODS Patients with mild,moderate,or severe anal stenosis following hemorrhoidectomy procedures who were treated with either scar revision surgery or double diamond-shaped flap anoplasty at our institution between January 2010 and December 2015 were investigated and compared.The severity of stenosis was determined via anal examination performed digitally or using a Hill-Ferguson retractor.The explored patient characteristics included age,sex,preoperative severity of anal stenosis,preoperative symptoms,and preoperative adjuvant therapy;moreover,their postoperative quality of life was measured using a 10-point scale.Patients underwent proctologic follow-up examinations one,two,and four weeks after surgery.RESULTS We analyzed 60 consecutive patients,including 36 men(60%)and 24 women(40%).The mean operative time for scar revision surgery was significantly shorter than that for double diamondshaped flap anoplasty(10.14±2.31[range:7-15]min vs 21.62±4.68[range:15-31]min;P<0.001).The average of length of hospital stay was also significantly shorter after scar revision surgery than after anoplasty(2.1±0.3 vs 2.9±0.4 d;P<0.001).Postoperative satisfaction was categorized into four groups:45 patients(75%)reported excellent satisfaction(scores of 8-10),13(21.7%)reported good satisfaction(scores of 6-7),two(3.3%)had no change in satisfaction(scores of 3-5),and none(0%)had scores indicating poor satisfaction(1-2).As such,most patients were satisfied with their quality of life after surgery other than the two who noticed no difference due owing to the fact that they experienced recurrences.CONCLUSION Scar revision surgery may be preferable for mild anal stenosis upon conservative treatment failure.Anoplasty is unavoidable for moderate or severe stenosis,where cicatrized tissue is extensive.

Surgical salvage therapy of anal cancer

AIM:To evaluate the results of salvage resection in the management of persistent or locally recurrent anal canal cancer.METHODS: Details of all patients with anal canal cancer treated from 1978 to 1994 at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) were reviewed retrospectively.Sixteen patients who presented with persistent or locally recurrent anal canal cancer received salvage surgery. Before surgery all of the patients had received radiotherapy alone as their primary treatments.RESULTS:Of the 16 patients, 14 received salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) and two had transanal local excision. There were no deaths attributable to operation.Delayed healing of the perineal wound occurred in eight patients. Complications unrelated to the perineal wound were found in five patients. The median follow-up time was 120 (range 5-245) months after salvage surgery. Nine patients died of disease progression, with a median survival time of 16 (range 5-27) months. Six patients had a long-term survival.CONCLUSION:Salvage resection after radiotherapy can yield a long-time survival in selected patients with anal canal cancer. However it offers little hope to patients with T4 and/or N2-3 tumors.

Hypothesized summative anal physiology score correlates but poorly predicts incontinence severity

To explore the relationship between such a construct and an existing continence score. METHODSA retrospective study of incontinent patients who underwent anal physiology (AP) was performed. AP results and Cleveland Clinic Continence Scores (CCCS) were extracted. An anal physiology score (APS) was developed using maximum resting pressures (MRP), anal canal length (ACL), internal and external sphincter defects and pudendal terminal motor latency. Univariate associations between each variable, APS and CCCS were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTSOf 508 (419 women) patients, 311 had both APS and CCCS measured. Average MRP was 51 mmHg (SD 23.2 mmHg) for men and 39 mmHg (19.2 mmHg) for women. Functional ACL was 1.7 cm for men and 0.7 cm for women. Univariate analyses demonstrated significant associations between CCCS and MRP (P = 0.0002), ACL (P = 0.0006) and pudendal neuropathy (P < 0.0001). The association between APS and CCCS was significant (P < 0.0001) but accounted for only 9.2% of the variability in CCCS. Multiple regression showed that the variables most useful in predicting CCCS were external sphincter defect, pudendal neuropathy and previous pelvic surgery, but only improving the scores predictive ability to 12.5%. CONCLUSIONThis study shows that the ability of AP tests to predict continence scores improves when considered collectively, but that a constructed summation model before and after multiple regression is poor at predicting the variability in continence scores.

Intensified intensity-modulated radiotherapy in anal cancer with prevalent HPV p16 positivity

AIM: To investigate the toxicity and response of intensity-modulated radiotherapy schedule intensified with a simultaneous integrated boost in anal canal cancer.METHODS: From March 2009 to March 2014, we retrospectively analyzed 41 consecutive patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma at our center. Radiotherapy was delivered via simultaneous integrated boost(SIB) technique by helical tomotherapy, and doses were adapted to two clinical target volumes according to the tumor-nodemetastasis(TNM) stage: 50.6 Gy and 41.4 Gy in 23 fractions in T1N0, 52.8 Gy and 43.2 Gy in 24 fractionsin T2N0, and 55 Gy and 45 Gy in 25 fractions in all patients with N positive and/or ≥ T3, respectively, to planning target volumes 1 and 2. The most common chemotherapy regimen was 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-based. Human papilloma virus(HPV) p16 expression was performed by immunohistochemistry and evaluated in the majority of patients. Acute and late toxicity was scored according to CTCAe v 3.0 and RTOG scales.RESULTS: The median follow-up was 30 mo(range:12-71). Median age was 63 years(range 32-84). The stage of disease was: stage Ⅰ in 2 patients, stage Ⅱin 13 patients, stage ⅢA in 12 patients, and stage ⅢB in 14 patients, respectively. Two patients were known to be HIV positive(4.9%). HPV p16 expression status was positive in 29/34(85.3%) patients. The 4-year progression-free survival and overall survival in HPVpositive patients were 78% and 92%, respectively.Acute grade 3 skin and gastrointestinal toxicities were reported in 5% and 7.3% of patients, respectively;patients' compliance to the treatment was good due to a low occurrence of severe acute toxicity, although treatment interruptions due to toxicity were required in 7.3% of patients. At 6 mo from end of treatment,36/40(90%) patients obtained complete response;during follow-up, 5(13.8%) patients presented with disease progression(local or systemic).CONCLUSION: In our experience, intensified SIBIMRT with chemotherapy is very feasible in clinical practice, with excellent results in terms of overall survival and local control.

Modified stapled hemorrhoidopexy for lower postoperative stenosis: A five-year experience

BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is currently a widely accepted method for treating the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids.Postoperative anal stenosis is a critical complication of SH.A remedy for this involves the removal of the circumferential staples of the anastomosis,followed by the creation of a hand-sewn anastomosis.Numerous studies have reported modified SH procedures to improve outcomes.We hypothesized that our modified SH technique may help reduce complications of anal stenosis after SH.AIM To compare outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions during modified SH in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS This was a single-center,retrospective,observational study.Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020,were included.The operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complic-ations were recorded.RESULTS Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015 and January 1,2020,were included.Operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complications were recorded.We investigated 187 patients(mean age,50.9 years)who had undergone our modified SH and 313 patients(mean age,53.0 years)who had undergone standard SH.In the modified SH group,54%of patients had previously undergone surgical intervention for hemorrhoids,compared with the 40.3%of patients in the standard SH group.The modified SH group included five(2.7%)patients with anal stenosis,while 21(6.7%)patients in the standard SH group had complications of anal stenosis.There was a significant relationship between the rate of postoperative anal stenosis and the modified SH:0.251(0.085-0.741)and 0.211(0.069-0.641)in multiple regression analysis.The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.CONCLUSION The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.

基于MRI的健康成年女性肛门括约肌复合体有限元模型

目的观察基于MRI建立的健康成年女性肛门括约肌复合体(ASC)有限元模型的仿真性。方法前瞻性纳入1名健康成年女性,采用Mimics三维重建软件基于其肛管MRI构建ASC几何模型并将其有限元网格化;参考肛门括约肌离体实验参数及正常人肛门直肠压力数据建立有限元模型,分析其生理特征及应力分布。结果对ASC有限元模型施加边界载荷后,静息态下肛门外括约肌出现收缩形变,肛管最大位移为0.02 mm,肛门内括约肌最大位移更小,且肛管上部内表面正前方存在明显低应力区;力排状态下肛管出现较大扩张形变,肛门内括约肌内表面最大位移为4.16 mm;收缩状态下肛管被挤压,肛门内括约肌内表面最大位移为1.89 mm;静息态及收缩状态下肛门内、外括约肌整体均向正前方移动。结论所获ASC有限元模型可在一定程度上模拟女性实际肌肉群生理活动及其应力分布。

超声引导下腘窝坐骨神经联合收肌管阻滞用于膝关节置换手术镇痛的效果评价

目的评价超声引导下腘窝坐骨神经联合收肌管阻滞用于膝关节置换手术镇痛的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月至2023年7月在湖州市南浔区人民医院择期行单侧膝关节置换手术的60例患者纳入研究,按随机数表法分为A组和B组,每组30例。A组患者全麻前超声引导下行腘窝坐骨神经阻滞,B组患者全麻前超声引导下行腘窝坐骨神经联合收肌管阻滞;两组患者均行术后静脉镇痛。比较两组患者的感觉阻滞起效时间及维持时间、运动阻滞起效时间及维持时间、麻醉诱导前、手术切皮时和手术结束时的血流动力学;同时比较两组患者术后4 h、8 h、24 h和36 h的视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及术后36 h内的镇痛泵首次按压时间和镇痛泵有效按压次数。结果B组患者的感觉阻滞起效时间为(11.88±0.27)min,明显短于A组的(14.1±10.22)min,感觉阻滞维持时间为(747.00±23.08)min,明显长于A组的(571.90±17.98)min,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组的运动阻滞起效时间和运动阻滞维持时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组患者在手术切皮时、手术结束时的心率分别为(69.38±5.2)次/min、(66.79±4.73)次/min,明显低于A组的(72.97±5.2)次/min、(69.40±5.06)次/min,而平均动脉压分别为(92.91±8.08)mm Hg、(94.67±8.69)mm Hg,明显高于A组的(89.29±7.58)mmHg、(86.70±7.28)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8 h、24 h、36 h,B组患者的VAS评分分别为(4.12±0.06)分、(3.42±0.12)分、(2.44±0.10)分,明显低于A组的(4.87±0.15)分、(4.61±0.09)分、(3.47±0.16)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后36 h内,B组患者的静脉自控镇痛泵首次按压时间为(306.8±0.90)min,明显长于A组的(177.3±1.47)min,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后24 h、36 h,B组患者镇痛泵有效按压次数分别为(1.35±0.04)次、(2.55±0.09)次,明显少于A组的(1.66±0.05)次、(3.48±0.09)次,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下腘窝坐骨神经联合收肌管阻滞能提升膝关节置换手术患者的麻醉效率,维持血流动力学稳定,同时确保围手术期镇痛效果,使术后自控镇痛应用频率降低。

经肛门直肠黏膜瓣推移术与经肛括约肌间切开术治疗复杂性肛瘘的效果及对肛管直肠压力的影响

目的 探讨经肛门直肠黏膜瓣推移术(endoanal advancement flap,ERAF)与经肛括约肌间切开术(transanal opening of intersphincteric space,TROPIS)治疗复杂性肛瘘的效果及对肛管直肠压力的影响。方法 2018年10月~2022年10月收治的复杂性肛瘘病人84例,按治疗方法分为ERAF治疗组(E组,48例)和TROPIS治疗组(T组,36例)。比较两组临床疗效、手术情况、创面情况以及肛管直肠压力。结果 T组治疗有效率为97.22%,高于E组的87.50%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T组手术时间为(31.53±7.29)分钟,术中出血量为(29.56±7.37)ml,手术当天、术后7天和14天创面面积分别为(10.03±0.96)cm~2、(8.76±0.87)cm~2和(6.20±0.77)cm~2,E组分别为(35.36±8.54)分钟、(36.86±8.04)ml、(12.09±1.23)cm~2、(10.52±1.09)cm~2和(7.36±0.85)cm~2,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T组术后VAS评分、Wexner失禁评分分别为(1.38±0.27)分和(0.21±0.08)分,E组分别为(1.56±0.29)分和(0.33±0.09)分,T组20 mm处、30 mm处肛管直肠收缩压和20 mm处、30 mm处肛管直肠静息压分别为(138.18±29.58)mmHg、(136.22±35.41)mmHg、(35.47±6.58)mmHg和(32.97±8.01)mmHg,E组分别为(152.78±31.53)mmHg、(156.29±32.74)mmHg、(38.29±7.62)mmHg、(36.41±7.63)mmHg,两组评分和肛管直肠压力均下降,且T组低于E组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。E组不良反应发生率(20.83%)高于F组的(13.89%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TROPIS治疗复杂性肛瘘的效果更好,能缩减手术时间,减少术中出血量,减轻术后疼痛,保护肛门功能。

直肠肛管区特殊类型肿瘤的诊治进展

直肠肛管区存在诸如直肠神经内分泌肿瘤、胃肠间质瘤、肛管鳞癌、直肠肛管黑色素瘤、原发性直肠淋巴瘤等特殊类型肿瘤,其临床特征与直肠癌存在差异,且发病率较低,导致临床医师对其认识不足。本文对直肠肛管区特殊类型肿瘤的临床诊疗进展进行综述。