Safety and effectiveness of butorphanol in epidural labor analgesia:A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is the most effective analgesic method during labor.Butorphanol administered epidurally has been shown to be a successful analgesic method during labor.However,no comprehensive study has examined the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.AIM To assess butorphanol's safety and efficacy for epidural labor analgesia.METHODS The PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Google Scholar databases will be searched from inception.Other types of literature,such as conference abstracts and references to pertinent reviews,will also be reviewed.We will include randomized controlled trials comparing butorphanol with other opioids combined with local anesthetics for epidural analgesia during labor.There will be no language restrictions.The primary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score for the first stage of labor,fetal effects,and Apgar score.Two independent reviewers will evaluate the full texts,extract data,and assess the risk of bias.Publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's or Begg's tests as well as visual analysis of a funnel plot,and heterogeneity will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test,P values,and I2 values.Meta-analysis,subgroup analysis,and sensitivity analysis will be performed using RevMan software version 5.4.This protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)Protocols statement,and the PRISMA statement will be used for the systematic review.RESULTS This study provides reliable information regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.CONCLUSION To support clinical practice and development,this study provides evidence-based findings regarding the safety and efficacy of using butorphanol as an epidural analgesic during labor.

Effect of different anesthetic modalities with multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain level in colorectal tumor patients

BACKGROUND According to clinical data,a significant percentage of patients experience pain after surgery,highlighting the importance of alleviating postoperative pain.The current approach involves intravenous self-control analgesia,often utilizing opioid analgesics such as morphine,sufentanil,and fentanyl.Surgery for colo-rectal cancer typically involves general anesthesia.Therefore,optimizing anes-thetic management and postoperative analgesic programs can effectively reduce perioperative stress and enhance postoperative recovery.The study aims to analyze the impact of different anesthesia modalities with multimodal analgesia on patients'postoperative pain.AIM To explore the effects of different anesthesia methods coupled with multi-mode analgesia on postoperative pain in patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS Following the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria,a total of 126 patients with colorectal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were included,of which 63 received general anesthesia coupled with multi-mode labor pain and were set as the control group,and 63 received general anesthesia associated with epidural anesthesia coupled with multi-mode labor pain and were set as the research group.After data collection,the effects of postoperative analgesia,sedation,and recovery were compared.RESULTS Compared to the control group,the research group had shorter recovery times for orientation,extubation,eye-opening,and spontaneous respiration(P<0.05).The research group also showed lower Visual analog scale scores at 24 h and 48 h,higher Ramany scores at 6 h and 12 h,and improved cognitive function at 24 h,48 h,and 72 h(P<0.05).Additionally,interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels were significantly reduced at various time points in the research group compared to the control group(P<0.05).Levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+were also lower in the research group at multiple time points(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with colorectal cancer,general anesthesia coupled with epidural anesthesia and multi-mode analgesia can achieve better postoperative analgesia and sedation effects,promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients,improve inflammatory stress and immune status,and have higher safety.

Spinal Analgesia with Intrathecal Morphine versus Conventional Analgesia after Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in Marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITM group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITM group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITM) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in countries with low availability of morphine.

Ultrasound-guided sphenopalatine ganglion block for effective analgesia during awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A case report

BACKGROUND Awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation(AFNI)is the preferred airway ma-nagement strategy for patients with difficult airways.However,this procedure can cause significant physical and psychological distress.This case report explores the application of a sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)block as an alternative anal-gesic modality to mitigate the discomfort associated with AFNI.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female with a history of right maxillary osteosarcoma underwent craniotomy for a suspected malignant brain lesion.The patient’s medical history included prior surgery,chemotherapy,and radiation therapy,resulting in signi-ficant jaw impairment and limited neck mobility.Considering the anticipated air-way challenges,AFNI was planned.A SPG block was performed under real-time ultrasound guidance,providing effective analgesia during nasotracheal intuba-tion.CONCLUSION The SPG block represents a promising analgesic approach in AFNI,offering po-tential benefits in alleviating pain involving the nasal and nasopharyngeal regions as well as improving patient cooperation.

Midpoint transverse process to pleura block for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic renal cyst decortication:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The midpoint transverse process to pleura(MTP)block,a novel technique for thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB),was first employed in laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.CASE SUMMARY Thoracic paravertebral nerve block is frequently employed for perioperative analgesia during laparoscopic cyst decortication.To address safety concerns associated with TPVBs,we administered MTP blocks in two patients prior to administering general anesthesia for laparoscopic cyst decortication.The MTP block was performed at the T9 level under ultrasound guidance,with 20 mL of 0.5%ropivacaine injected.Reduced sensation to cold and pinprick was observed from the T8 to T11 dermatome levels.Immediately postoperative Numeric Pain Rating Scale scores were 0/10 at rest and on movement,with none exceeding a mean 24 h numeric rating scale>3.CONCLUSION MTP block was effective technique for providing postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic renal cyst decortication.

Caudal Anesthesia: Experience in the Post-Operative Analgesia in Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery at the University Hospital of Treichville

Introduction: The caudal anesthesia is used by many authors for postoperative analgesia. The purpose of this study was to report our experience in the practice of caudal block as post operative analgesia method in ambulatory surgery in a context of limited technical equipment. Patients and Method: Over a period of 5 months, a prospective study was conducted on 39 children aged 3 to 5 years weighing on average 15.12 kg. Children classified ASA I and II were selected. After premedication with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) by intra rectal route, the inhalation induction was made with sevoflurane 8%, conveyed by fresh gas (50% O2 and 50% air). The caudal block was obtained with the levobupivacaine 0.25% at a dose of 1 ml/kg. The hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rates) and respiratory parameters (respiratory frequency) pre-, per- and post-operative were measured. Post-operative pain was assessed with the Objective Pain Scale (OPS). The date of first use of analgesia was noted. The adverse effects of caudal block (meningitis, respiratory disorders, acute urinary retention, cardiac disorders) have been assessed. Results: The average duration of the procedure was 55.2 minutes. The use of analgesia was made 4 hours after skin closure, when the OPS Broadmann score was greater than 3. An agitation was observed in 6 children. Haemodynamic parameters have not significantly varied from the pre- to the post-operative. No infectious complications or intolerance to local anesthetics were observed. Allthe children were able to drink 4 hours after the end of the intervention and issued their first urine later than 3 hours after surgery. Conclusion: This type of anesthesia has been found very suitable for ambulatory surgery of the child, and is always helpful. It assured a post operative analgesia of good quality, and a reduction in consumption of morphine intraoperatively.

Efficacy of patient-controlled hydromorphone analgesia in those undergoing uterine fibroid artery embolization via the right radial artery

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) with hydromorphone as perioperative analgesia during uterine artery embolization(UAE) via the right radial artery.Patients and methods: A total of 33 patients with uterine fibroids, who underwent UAE at the authors’ hospital between June 2021 and March 2022, were selected. Hydromorphone(10 mg) was dispensed into a 100 ml PCA pump with normal saline. Pump administration was initiated 15 min before the start of the procedure, and the intraoperative dose was adjusted according to patient pain level. A numerical rating scale was used to evaluate pain immediately after embolization, 5 min after embolization, at the end of the procedure, and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the procedure. Side effects were also observed.Results: Thirty-three patients underwent uterine artery embolization via the right radial artery. Patient pain was well controlled at all time points surveyed, and patients reported satisfaction with analgesia. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. There were 7 cases of adverse reactions, but no serious side effects were observed.Conclusion: Patients reported positive experiences with arterial embolization of uterine fibroids via the right radial artery. Hydromorphone PCA effectively controlled pain. The PCA pump is easy to operate, has a low incidence of adverse reactions, and offers economic benefits at the patient and institutional levels.

Erector Spinae Plane Block Combined with Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery After Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Clinical Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesia and recovery of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block combined with serratus anterior plane block(ESPB combined with SAPB)versus thoracic paravertebral block(PVB)after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods Ninety-two patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)were randomly divided into group S(n=46)and group P(n=46).After anesthesia induction,the same anesthesiologist performed ultrasound-guided ESPB at T5 and T7 levels combined with SAPB at the level of the fifth rib in the midaxillary line in group S and ultrasound-guided PVB at T5 and T7 levels in group P.Patients in both groups were given 40 mL of 0.4%ropivacaine.Eighty-six patients completed the study(group S,n=44;group P,n=42).The morphine consumption,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and coughing,and frequency of remedial analgesia were recorded at 1,2,4,8,and 24 h postoperatively.Pulmonary function parameters were recorded at 1,4,and 24 h postoperatively,and the quality of recovery(QoR)-15 score at 24 h postoperatively.The adverse effects,duration of chest tube drainage and length of stay were also recorded.Results The morphine consumption at postoperative 4 and 8 h and the incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain(ISP)were significantly lower in group S than in group P.The QoR-15 questionnaire score at postoperative 24 h was significantly lower in group P than in group S(P<0.05).The morphine consumption was lower at 24 h postoperatively in group S than in group P,with no significant difference found yet.The morphine consumption at other observed times,VAS scores,pulmonary function parameters,frequency of remedial analgesia,duration of chest tube drainage,length of stay,and incidence of other adverse events were comparable between group S and group P.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ESPB combined with SAPB is non-inferior to PVB in terms of morphine consumption at postoperative 24 h and postoperative recovery.But,this approach can significantly reduce morphine consumption in the early postoperative period(0–8 h)after thoracoscopy with lower incidence of ISP.It is a simpler and safer operation.

Paravertebral block for analgesia following excision of osteochondroma of the scapula:A case report

Scapular surgery has mainly been studied in the setting of fractures;regional anesthesia can be utilized as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen for postoperative pain relief.Previous studies are limited to scapular fracture pain.The available literature supports the use of various types of nerve blocks and even combinations of different blocks,of which the paravertebral nerve block is one such block that has been effective.We present a case of a patient undergoing excision of a scapular osteochondroma who received a single-shot paravertebral nerve block after surgery with an effective analgesia.

Parietal Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia

The parietal component of pain occupies an important place in the management of postoperative analgesia. Parietal infiltration is a technique that fits into a concept of multimodal analgesia using several analgesic products simultaneously. This simple and reliable technique makes it possible to reduce the use of opioids and therefore their adverse effects;without increasing the risk of infection. It reduces the length of hospitalization.

Postoperative Analgesia for Abdominal Laparoscopic Surgery: Tap Block vs Peri-Orificial Infiltrations

Introduction/Purpose: The “transverse abdominal plane block” or TAP block was described by Rafi in 2001. It describes an approach to the neurofascial plane of the transverse abdominal muscle via the Jean-Louis Petit triangle and provides analgesia of the entire homolateral hemi abdomen. The aim of our study was to compare post-operative analgesia and post-operative morphine requirements between transverse abdominal plane block (TAP) and peri-orificial infiltration during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Material and method: Prospective, randomized study conducted over a 2-year period. The study was conducted in the operating theatre of the Saint Louis Regional Hospital in Senegal. All adult patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery were included. Clinical aspects, pain scales and morphine consumption were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled: 30 patients in the TAP group and 30 patients in the infiltration group. The average age was 32.9 years. The indications for laparoscopy were acute appendicitis in 50% of cases, gallbladder stones in 16% and inguinal hernia in 8%. For the TAP group, the mean numerical pain scale was 3.9 at 6 hours post-operatively and 2.1 at 24 hours post-operatively. For the infiltration group, the mean numerical pain scale was 4.3 at 6 hours post-op and 3 at 24 hours post-op. Morphine consumption at 6 hours post-op was on average 0.4 mg/patient for the TAP group and 0.9 mg/patient for the infiltration group. Discussion/conclusion: Analgesia provided by ultrasound-guided TAP block for laparoscopic abdominal surgery appears to be identical to periorificial infiltration. However, the simplicity and reproducibility of ultrasound-guided TAP block gives it a definite advantage.

Artificial intelligence technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block for analgesia in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Knee diseases are more common in middle-aged and elderly people,so artificial knee replacement is also more used in middle-aged and elderly people.Although the patient’s pain can be reduced through surgery,often accompanied by moderate pain after surgery and neutralization,which not only increases the psychological burden of the patient,but also greatly reduces the postoperative recovery effect,and may also lead to the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in severe cases.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect of artificial intelligence(AI)and ultrasoundguided nerve block in total knee arthroplasty(TKA).METHODS A total of 92 patients with TKA admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were opted and divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen.The control group received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The research group received AI technique combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block anesthesia.The sensory block time,motor block time,visual analogue scale(VAS)at different time points and complications were contrasted between the two groups.RESULTS The time of sensory block onset and sensory block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of sensory block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group(P<0.05).The time of motor block onset and motor block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of motor block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group.The VAS scales of the research group were significantly lower than that of the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The postoperative hip flexion and abduction range of motion in the research group were significantly better than those in the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the research group than in the control group(P=0.049).CONCLUSION In TKA,the combination of AI technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block has a significantly effect,with fewer postoperative complications and significantly analgesic effect,which is worthy of application.

Effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia and motor blocks in women during natural delivery

BACKGROUND The background of this study was analgesia in natural delivery.The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has obvious analgesic effect on the parturients in natural labor,and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia has been widely used in anesthesia for various diseases.AIM To study the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia on anxiety,labor analgesia,and motor blocks in parturients during natural delivery.METHODS A total of 120 women who gave birth at Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital between December 2021 to December 2022 were included;a random number table approach was employed to divide the women into a control group and a joint group,with each group consisting of 60 women.The control group was given epidural anesthesia,while the joint group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the degree of maternal pain.Comparisons were made between the two groups’conditions of childbirth and the duration of labor.Apgar scores were used to evaluate the status of the newborns at birth;Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)scores,umbilical artery blood gas analysis indices and stress indices were compared between the two groups;and the frequencies of motor block and postpartum complications were analyzed.RESULTS In comparison to the control group,in the joint group,the VAS scores for the first,second,and third stages of labor were lower(P<0.05).The rates of conversion to cesarean section and postpartum blood loss in the joint group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in the Apgar score,the duration of the first stage of labor,or the total duration of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The second and third stages of labor in the joint group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).When compared to the control group,the postpartum SAS score of the joint group was lower,while the GSES score was greater(P<0.05).Between the control group and the joint group,the differences observed in pH,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure,arterial oxygen partial pressure,or arterial hydrogen ion concentration were not significant(P>0.05).Nitric oxide,cortisol,and adrenaline levels were lower in the joint group than in the control group(P<0.05).There were no substantial differences in Bromage grade or rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For parturients during natural delivery,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia can reduce anxiety,provide labor analgesia,shorten labor time,and reduce postoperative stress levels but did not result in a motor block.

小剂量艾司氯胺酮和舒芬太尼在髋关节置换术围术期镇痛中的效果比较

目的对比小剂量艾司氯胺酮和舒芬太尼在髋关节置换术(HA)患者围术期镇痛中的应用效果。方法将我院行HA的124例患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组患者使用舒芬太尼进行镇痛;观察组患者使用小剂量艾司氯胺酮镇痛。观察2组患者麻醉前(T1)、手术切皮时(T2)、麻醉30 min后(T3)及手术结束时(T4)的心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)等血流动力学变化;于术前(T5)、术后6 h(T6)、术后12 h(T7)及术后24 h(T8)记录患者静息状态及活动状态下疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分;统计2组患者术后镇痛泵按压次数,需补充镇痛药物情况,术中及术后24 h不良反应发生情况。结果2组患者T1时HR、MAP及RR水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者T2、T3、T4时HR、MAP及RR水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者各时间段SpO2水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者T5时静息状态及活动状态VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者T6、T7、T8时静息状态及活动状态VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后镇痛泵按压次数及需补充镇痛药物患者比例均少/低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组术中及术后不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与舒芬太尼相比,小剂量艾司氯胺酮应用于HA患者的镇痛效果更好,患者围术期疼痛程度更轻,术中血流动力学更稳定,安全性较好。

艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于剖宫产术后的镇痛效果及其对产后抑郁的影响

目的探讨艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于择期剖宫产术后镇痛效果,及其对产后抑郁(PPD)发生率的影响,评价联合用药的有效性和安全性。方法选择我院择期行剖宫产术的产妇60例,随机分为艾司氯胺酮+纳布啡组(EN组)和纳布啡组(N组),每组30例。所有产妇均采用腰-硬联合麻醉,术后均给予自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。EN组镇痛方案:艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg+纳布啡1.5 mg/kg,用生理盐水稀释至150 ml;N组镇痛方案:纳布啡2.0 mg/kg用生理盐水稀释至150 ml。记录两组患者术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h的静息、运动视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,记录PCIA总用量;记录产前1 d以及术后第3天、第5天、第14天、第28天爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)得分和产后抑郁发生率;记录其他情况和不良反应。结果EN组术后8 h、12 h、24 h、36 h的静息和运动VAS评分低于N组(P<0.05),PCIA总用量少于N组(P<0.05);EN组术后第3天、第5天、第14天EPDS得分以及产后抑郁发生率低于N组(P<0.05);EN组术后首次下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间和首次哺乳时间较N组缩短,48 h哺乳总次数增多,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组满意度和不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾司氯胺酮联合纳布啡用于剖宫产术后镇痛,可明显减轻产妇静息和运动时疼痛,降低术后14 d内产后抑郁的发生率,利于产妇早期康复和母乳喂养,且无明显不良反应。

曲马多超前镇痛在局麻下胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体后凸成形术中的效果

目的:探讨术前肌注曲马多用于局麻下行经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)的超前镇痛效果。方法:自2019年8月至2021年6月收治118例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)患者,观察组59例,男26例,女33例;年龄57~80(67.69±4.75)岁;T1114例,T1212例,L118例,L215例;予PKP术前0.5 h肌肉注射曲马多100 mg。对照组59例,男24例,女35例;年龄55~77(68.00±4.43)岁;T1119例,T1211例,L117例,L212例;予肌肉注射等量生理盐水。记录两组手术时间和术中出血量,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估两组术前(T0)及术中穿刺时(T1)、放置工作套管时(T2)、球囊扩张时(T3)、骨水泥注入椎体时(T4)、术后2 h(T5)、出院时(T6)的疼痛程度;观察头晕、恶心、呕吐等不良反应,出院时询问患者对再次行PKP手术的接受度。结果:118例患者顺利完成经双侧椎弓根入路PKP术,术中均未使用静脉镇静镇痛药物。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组T1、T2、T3、T4、T5时的VAS较对照组降低(P<0.05);T6时的VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T6时的VAS较T0降低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对再次行PKP术的接受度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前0.5 h肌注曲马多用于在局麻下单节段胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体PKP术的超前镇痛效果明确,可增加患者术中及术后2 h的舒适度,提高患者手术满意度。

对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者术后早期疼痛管理中的有效性及安全性。方法选择择期在全麻下行LC患者90例,男42例,女48例,年龄18~78岁,BMI 18~28 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组:对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇组(AK组)和纳布啡组(NA组),每组45例。麻醉诱导前15 min,AK组静脉泵注对乙酰氨基酚500 mg(稀释至50 ml)后缓慢推注酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg(稀释至10 ml);NA组于相同时点静脉泵注生理盐水50 ml后缓慢推注纳布啡0.2 mg/kg(稀释至10 ml)。记录术后0.5、3、6、12、24 h的VAS疼痛评分(非劣效性界值Δ=1.0分),手术当晚睡眠质量评分,术后24 h内补救镇痛例数,术后0.5、3、6 h的Ramsay镇静评分,术后24 h内恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况,以及患者总体满意度。结果与NA组比较,术后0.5 h AK组VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),且两组VAS疼痛评分差值的95%CI上限低于非劣效性界值(P<0.05)。AK组手术当晚睡眠质量评分、患者总体满意度明显高于NA组(P<0.05)。两组术后24 h内补救镇痛率、不同时点Ramsay镇静评分、术后24 h内恶心呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。结论对乙酰氨基酚联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇可有效改善腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期疼痛,不增加恶心呕吐发生率,效果不劣于纳布啡,且患者术后当晚睡眠质量评分和总体满意度更高。

艾司氯胺酮的药理学特性及其在小儿麻醉中的应用进展

艾司氯胺酮是N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的拮抗剂,通过与NMDA受体、阿片受体、M胆碱受体、单胺受体、腺苷受体和其他嘌呤受体相互作用发挥抗焦虑、催眠、镇静和镇痛作用。作为氯胺酮更强效的S型异构体,效力大约是氯胺酮的2倍。与氯胺酮相比,艾司氯胺酮具有起效和代谢快、强镇痛、呼吸抑制轻微、认知功能恢复快、精神副反应发生率低等特点,成为小儿临床麻醉药物的新选择。本文就艾司氯胺酮的药理学特性和近年在小儿麻醉中的应用研究进展作一综述,为小儿围手术期安全用药提供参考。

不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时镇痛效果的网状Meta分析

目的采用网状Meta分析系统评价不同镇痛方法用于髋部或股骨干骨折患者椎管内麻醉摆放体位时的镇痛效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网、维普、万方,检索时间为建库至2022年8月,纳入髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的随机对照研究。由两名研究员独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和偏倚风险评价,采用Stata 17.0和RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,患者1773例。累计排序概率曲线下面积(SUCRA)显示,降低摆放体位时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(94.4%)效果最佳,其次是FIB联合IVA(83.8%)和FIB(71.1%);降低椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分PENG阻滞(98.2%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(71.1%)和FNB(55.6%);缩短椎管内麻醉操作时间PENG阻滞(84.1%)效果最佳,其次是FNB(70.7%)和FIB(68.5%);升高体位摆放质量评分PENG阻滞(99.1%)效果最佳,其次是FIB(73.1%)和FNB(52.9%)。结论神经阻滞或神经阻滞联合IVA可降低髋部或股骨干骨折患者体位摆放和椎管内麻醉时VAS疼痛评分、缩短麻醉操作时间和升高体位摆放质量评分。PENG阻滞对髋部或股骨干骨折患者摆放体位和椎管内麻醉时实施镇痛的效果最佳。