Analysis and Innovative Strategies of Tax Preferential Policies to Promote the Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Individual Businesses

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the current tax preferential policies for small-scale individual businesses and compared them with similar policies both domestically and internationally,aiming to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the current system.After examining the impact of these tax preferential policies on the economic status of individual business owners and the broader social economy,this article proposes a set of innovative tax preferential strategies based on theoretical foundations.By developing these innovative strategies and clarifying their implementation paths,the aim is to promote the sustainable and healthy development of small-scale individual businesses,thereby fostering comprehensive socio-economic progress.The conclusion of this study not only summarizes policy recommendations with practical significance but also provides theoretical support for the optimization and innovation of future related systems.

Design and Economic Analysis of a Grid-connected Rooftop Solar PV System for Typical Home Applications in Oman

This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.

Meta-regression Analysis of the Chinese Labor Reallocation Effect

Meta regression analysis method was applied to study 23 papers about the effect of Chinese labor reallocation on the economic growth. The results showed that both the method of the World Bank (1996) or M.Syrquin(1986) had little impact on the results, while the calculation of the stock of physical capital had a positive impact on the results. The result by using panel data study was bigger than results obtained in the time series data. The time span had little influences on the results. Therefore, it was necessary to measure the exact stock of physical capital in China, so as to evaluate the Chinese labor reallocation

Economical Analysis of Milk Production in the Farms of Siedlce Region

Last years the most profitable line of activity in agriculture is considered with milk production. The-effectiveness of this project depends primarily on the direct costs and the obtained of purchase price. Therefore the aim of this work was to analyze the financial results of dairy farms in the east part of Mazovia region. Completing the research in 2010, to the owners of 36 farms were sent a questionnaire containing 18 questions. The obtained data were used to characterize the various research facilities. And then the whole population was devoted on the 6 production groups, depend on the number of physical units of dairy cows. Moreover, based on survey data, an analysis of the profitability of milk production was done. It was the following economic values： direct costs, revenue, gross margin and the index of production profitability. Also the statistical analysis by calculating the Pearson linear correlation coefficient （r） and coefficient of determination （R2） was done. The study showed that the highest annual yield of milk from a cow at the level of 7500 kg, reached the farmers with the area of l 9.7 ha of with the density of 1.82 BFU/ha and with 8 years of cow utilization. Respondents from this group also received the highest value of effectiveness index （184.60%）. In addition, the performed regression analysis showed significant positive correlation between the effectiveness index and the surface agricultural lands occurring in the farms, density of agricultural lands, and efficiency from a cow and the price of milk.

A Further Study on the Currency Law of Developmentand Some Innovations in Contemporary Economic Theory

以当代中国传统经济思想精髓为基础,着重桄理货币发展脉络,并探究和明晰当今纸币信用化、货币电子化现象背后蕴含的若干规律性认识,继而对货币形式与货币特质等若干重要的经济学基础问题以及推进其思维创新着力展开深度研究.通过对若干经济问题的中外比较分析,在有关货币的理论观点及其研究视角与经济分析方法上均有原创性学术进展：一是尝试对中国当代货币信用若干基本认识予以多视角探讨并进一步理论拓展;二是创新性运用经济数学模型方法对货币信用发展及其内在规律性予以开拓性探索和深层次经济剖析.

On the True Face of the Economic Statistics

In 2012, China National Ministry of Education issued a new undergraduate course catalog, economic statistics to be classified as a second level discipline of applied economics. However, what specific content should be included in the second level discipline has become a very important issue. What should be taught to students or how can they adapt to the needs of the social market aroused a wide attention. For this case, the National Ministry of Education has given a clearly provision for economic statistics＇ core courses, but whether these main courses can reflect the actual needs and characteristics of economic statistics or not still needs some considerations and discussions. This article started from the angle of the studies on China and the U.S. Journals concerning economic statistics. Using text mining by R, a recent mainstream statistical analysis software, gives a comparative analysis on the contents of economic statistics for recent decades. We created wordcloud about the contents of core statistical journals by R which can help us visually examine the course of economic statistics discipline development for the comparative study. Besides, we drew a conclusion that there were significant differences between China and America＇s economic statistics, the main difference is the United States pay more attention to the exploration of new methods and be able to adapt to market demand, the development of China＇s economic statistics are still more traditional, it need a better understanding of the multi-disciplinary knowledge of education, such as Bayesian and dynamics. Another is that the curriculum of China＇s economic statistics are corrected for China＇s actual situation, a new training program pay more attention to students＇ practical ability and social practice. There are a lot of practical problems remain untouched or unsolved which need efforts of decades probably.

Comparative Research on the Economic Development of Xinjiang i n the Perspective of Development of the West Regions

In the context of Development of the West Regions, by using the annual data from 1999 to 2009 in whole China and 12 provinces of the western regions, we analyze the achievements of socio-economic development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 1999 to 2009 as follows: the economic aggregate has increased prominently and the growth rate is increasing ceaselessly; the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry develop evenly, and the industrial structure is incessantly optimized; the quality of economic growth is promoted increasingly and the living standard of people is improved greatly; the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry stride in tandem, and the momentum of growth is strong. We conduct horizontal comparison on the main economic indicators of Xinjiang, 12 provinces of the western regions and whole China, which include GDP and its growth rate, investment of fixed assets, structure of the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry, the industrial added value, GDP per capita, gross retail sales of social consumption, export and import trade, net income per capita of peasants and herdsmen, and general budget revenue. The result shows that although the implementation of the strategy of Development of the West Regions and the economic development of Xinjiang have achieved some remarkable results, there is a conspicuous gap in comparison with the expected effect. The problems existing in the operation of Xinjiang's economy are analyzed as follows: the industrial level is low, and the economic growth mode is yet to be transformed; the disposable income per capita of urban residents grows slowly, and the increasing gap between the urban areas and rural areas has no trend of dwindling; the investment aggregate is very low, and the momentum of economic growth is short. In order to make the central government and 19 provinces and cities offer pointed aid for Xinjiang, promote the implementation of new strategic development of Western China, and promote the better economic development of Xinjiang in the period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, we put forward some feasible suggestions as follows: Xinjiang should grasp favorable opportunities and quicken the pace of industrial structural adjustment; continue to open up to the outside world unswervingly, and improve investment environment ceaselessly; strive to maintain the continuous and rapid development of economy, and improve the living standard of people.

Exploring the Evolutionary Path of Digital Financial Inclusion in Guangdong Province,China

This study explores the development trajectory of digital financial inclusion in 21 cities in Guangdong Province through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).The findings emphasize that the success of digital financial inclusion goes beyond individual dimensions,forming a systematic initiative marked by multifaceted interaction among different disciplines.In the trajectory of high-level digital inclusive finance development,the study identifies economic prosperity and technological innovation as crucial elements,highlighting their centrality,and elucidates the synergistic collaboration between market mechanisms and government guidance.Furthermore,the study emphasizes the government’s pivotal role in supporting market mechanisms and guiding policies,highlighting the need to achieve a nuanced equilibrium in the digital financial inclusion strategy.In contrast,non-high-level development paths of digital inclusive finance show a spectrum of diversities,emphasizing the critical roles played by economic fundamentals,government regulation,market mechanisms,and other contextual factors in different trajectories.Regarding policy implications,the study emphasizes the comprehensive and systemic nature inherent in the development of digital inclusive finance.It proposes four policy recommendations,including integrating development strategies,emphasizing scientific and technological innovation and economic development,achieving a delicate balance between market mechanisms and government guidance,and providing precise policy support.These insights provide valuable lessons for shaping digital inclusive financial policies in Guangdong Province and beyond,offering profound insights for strategically constructing robust digital financial ecosystems.

Predicting the distribution of reservoirs by applying the method of seismic data structure characteristics： Example from the eighth zone in Tahe Oilfield

Seismic data structure characteristics means the waveform character arranged in the time sequence at discrete data points in each 2-D or 3-D seismic trace. Hydrocarbon prediction using seismic data structure characteristics is a new reservoir prediction technique. When the main pay interval is in carbonate fracture and fissure-cavern type reservoirs with very strong inhomogeneity, there are some difficulties with hydrocarbon prediction. Because of the special geological conditions of the eighth zone in the Tahe oil field, we apply seismic data structure characteristics to hydrocarbon prediction for the Ordovician reservoir in this zone. We divide the area oil zone into favorable and unfavorable blocks. Eighteen well locations were proposed in the favorable oil block, drilled, and recovered higher output of oil and gas.

数字乡村高质量建设的影响因素及组态路径研究——基于37个案例的清晰集定性比较分析

如何更有效促进数字乡村高质量建设是当下政府和学术界共同关注的热点问题。依据中国37个县域数字乡村发展案例,运用清晰集定性比较分析方法,基于物理事理人理系统方法论探讨财政支持、科技创新、政策规划、组织领导、农民数字素质与认同程度等因素对数字乡村高质量建设的联动作用及路径选择。研究结论:①单个因素不构成高质量与非高质量数字乡村建设的必要条件,组态路径具备等效性和多重并发性。②产生高质量结果的组态归纳为四条路径,解释力度为政策驱动型>财政驱动型>全要素驱动型>科技领导双轮驱动型。③产生非高质量结果的组态归纳为低效治理型路径。高质量和非高质量的组态路径存在因果非对称性。④政策规划能力和组织领导能力存在替代关系。建议各县域根据自身实际情况,因地制宜,随时而动,采取有针对性的组态协同发展措施,推动数字乡村高质量建设。

数字普惠金融、创业水平与共同富裕

实现共同富裕是全体人民的美好愿望,大力发展数字普惠金融有助于促进公平、提高效率,推动共同富裕。基于此,本文使用2011—2020年我国31个省的面板数据,实证检验数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响效应和促进机制。基准回归表明,数字普惠金融能有效促进经济发展,提升居民可支配收入水平;中介回归结果表明,数字普惠金融通过提升地区创业水平来促进各地经济增长、提升居民的可支配收入水平,从而促进共同富裕。在进行稳健性分析后,结果依然成立。

城市营商环境优化的生成逻辑与实现路径——基于田野调查和QCA的多重分析

持续优化营商环境是完善政府体制机制、促进经济高质量发展的关键举措,然而区域营商环境影响要素和条件组合有待进一步挖掘与分析。基于西南某省9个地市的田野调查,提出优化营商环境的“制度—资源—能力”整合性分析框架,以我国103个城市为研究对象,结合必要条件分析(NCA)和定性比较分析(QCA)方法,探究优化营商环境的生成逻辑和实现路径。研究结果表明,单一制度、资源或能力要素不构成营商环境优化的必要条件。从条件组合看,制度、资源和能力要素相互依赖,4种组态形成高水平营商环境,分别为资源支持下的政策和政企联动型、制度和资源双向引领下的数字政府驱动型、制度和能力双重协同下的财政资源推动型、能力主导下的资源驱动型。分析表明,8种组态会产生非高水平营商环境,从而解释部分城市营商环境未达到高水平的主要原因。

中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展空间关联网络特征及影响因素研究

协同推进降碳-减污-扩绿-增长已成为我国经济社会发展全面绿色转型的必然选择。基于我国30个省份面板数据(不包含港澳台地区以及西藏自治区数据),运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型和社会网络分析方法,分析各省份间降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同演变趋势及空间关联网络特征。结果表明:①各省份降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的变化趋势基本一致,但在空间上呈现东部>东北>西部>中部的区域不均衡特征。②降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应呈现以东部地区为核心的复杂空间网络结构,省际间空间关联性呈上升态势,但网络结构稳定性还有待提高。③北京市、天津市和上海市等地区凭借优越区位,在关联网络中处于主导地位,而宁夏回族自治区、黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区等地区对其他地区的影响较小。④北京市、天津市和上海市等地区属于“主受益”板块,浙江省、广东省等地区属于“经纪人板块”,安徽省、江西省和湖北省等地区属于“净溢出”板块。⑤降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应的空间关联网络受多种因素共同影响,人力资本水平、科技投入、市场化水平和数字经济发展均有利于空间关联关系的建立。研究显示,中国降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同效应存在空间关联性,需进一步加强省份间的绿色合作与交流,共同推动降碳-减污-扩绿-增长协同发展。

陕西科技成果转化效率影响因素组态效应研究

为提升科技成果转化效率,促进创新型国家转型和陕西经济高质量发展。文中基于整合视角,运用因子分析法和模糊集定性比较法从制度、组织和资源三个层面探究陕西科技成果转化效率影响因素的组态效应。研究结果发现:单一层面的因素难以决定科技成果转化效率的高低;身份自洽下政策协调型、中介实力下政策供给型、身份自洽下技术资源型是实现陕西科技成果转化高效率的3种组态类型,其中身份自洽在产生科技成果转化高效率上发挥关键作用;组织要素在一定情景下可以弥补政策供给的缺失,组织要素内部的机构实力和身份自洽在一定情景下可以相互替代。研究结论可以为优化陕西科技成果转化政策、促进陕西科技成果高效转化提供专业参考。

双层地下连续墙土压力的现场实测研究

南京某超深基坑工程采用异形围护结构双层地下连续墙进行施工,双墙间土体处于非极限平衡状态,土压力分布演变形式及墙土间相互作用机制并不明确。为探明深基坑开挖施工引起的双墙间有限土体的土压力变化规律及墙外侧土拱效应对土压力分布的影响,采用现场实测分析结合物理模型计算的方法开展研究。首先,通过现场试验在土层中布设土压力监测点,获取基坑开挖过程中墙间土压力演变规律;其后,建立考虑土体分层的曲面锥形土拱模型,计算侧土拱发展引起的墙外土压力变化量,并结合试验数据的参数反演和误差分析对模型计算结果的准确性展开讨论。研究结果表明:基坑开挖施工对双墙间土体的影响总体呈现为挤压变形,有限土体受到的侧向约束作用有助于进一步发挥土体的抗剪强度;基坑开挖各工序中土方开挖过程对地层扰动最为显著;侧土拱效应进一步增大了浅层土体挡土墙侧土压力,而中深层土体中几乎没有侧土拱发展;考虑侧土拱效应的土压力计算结果较传统水土分算的Coulomb理论计算方法与现场实测结果更加吻合。本研究可为异型围护结构的深基坑工程设计及施工提供思路与建议。

数字平台型企业网络效应影响因素的组态研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析方法

在消费者主导的数字浪潮下,网络效应已成为数字平台型企业扩大市场规模的关键点,依靠网络效应建立用户价值优势成为最核心的竞争策略。本研究在数字经济这一全新背景下,从网络效应视角出发,根据调查问卷获取的数据,运用模糊集定性比较法分析其多影响因素间的组态关系,深入挖掘其前因条件间的有效组合和匹配(即协同)。研究发现:市场定位和价格因素二者之间的协同是网络效应激发过程中的核心条件。技术因素和社交因素二者间的协同是网络效应扩大过程中的核心条件。平台治理和技术因素间的协同关系是网络效应迭代过程中的核心条件。在此基础上,本研究提出了“激发—扩大—迭代”三条增强数字平台型企业网络效应的实现路径,为数字平台企业综合竞争力的提升和可持续发展提供了科学的参考。

数字经济对区域经济增长收敛的影响研究

共享型经济的发展对落后地区经济增长和推动共同富裕具有重大意义。本文以2013~2022年长江经济带的110个城市为研究样本,将数字经济纳入空间杜宾模型分析框架,实证考察数字经济对区域经济增长收敛的影响。研究发现:(1)长江经济带城市的经济增长总体上呈明显的收敛态势,数字经济的发展能够显著促进经济增长收敛,且这一结论在替换空间权重矩阵及解释变量后依然成立;(2)长江经济带城市经济增长的收敛性存在一定的空间溢出效应,且数字经济对经济增长收敛的促进作用也存在明显的空间溢出效应;(3)从空间维度来看,数字经济对经济增长收敛的促进作用在长江经济带上游城市影响最大,中游城市次之,下游城市最小;(4)从时间维度来看,2013~2022年期间长江经济带的收敛速度呈现逐步增长的趋势,且数字经济对经济增长收敛的影响具有明显的缓冲期,2016年以后其促进作用才显现出来。

饮食类非遗产品网络营销影响因素的组态及提升路径

随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,短视频、直播等众多新兴媒介兴起并普及,这为非物质文化遗产的保护和传承提供了新动能,促进了非遗产品的网络营销。以80个国家级饮食类非遗产品为样本,运用模糊集定性比较分析法,剖析网络搜索量、短视频传播效果、店铺经营年限、粉丝数量以及好评率等因素对网络销量的影响。研究发现,不论是对于高水平还是低水平的网络营销效果,都不存在解释其结果的单一必要条件。饮食类非遗产品高销量存在4种组态,低销量存在3种组态,且高/低销量产生的组态呈非对称关系。其中,短视频传播效果、店铺粉丝数量和好评率在高/低销量产生过程中的作用突出。不同饮食类非遗产品可根据自身条件禀赋,着力于多因素的联动适配,以实现高销量的网络营销效果。

新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其路径研究

提高新型农业经营主体的增收效应可有效助推乡村产业振兴和共同富裕目标的实现。文章深入剖析新型农业主体增收效应的理论逻辑,通过对其条件因素进行判断分析,运用多值集定性比较分析(MVQCA)方法,分析新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其具体路径条件。研究显示,经营主体类型、经营主体及其负责人的能力资本这类内生因素和政府扶持政策、市场有效配置、普惠金融发展这类外生因素共同影响着新型农业经营主体的增收效应。其中,新型农业经营主体及其负责人能力资本强弱与新型农业经营主体增收的强效应和弱效应呈对应同方向发展。政府扶持政策、市场有效配置和普惠金融发展强弱与新型农业经营主体增收强、弱效应均呈对应同方向发展。

省属高校“凭什么”培养经管类应用型人才——基于知行合一理念的模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)

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