Analysis of the Germplasm Resources and Genetic Relationships Among Hybrid Cymbidium Cultivars and Native Species with RAPD Markers

The random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） marker was assessed to detect the genetic relationships among 48 hybrid Cymbidium cultivars from Japan, Korea, China, and USA, and 2 species of native Cymbidium. Twenty primers were screened from 100 random decamer primers, and a total of 258 DNA bands were amplified, 253 of which （98.1%） were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 12.6. All cultivars were distinguishable when a number of primers were considered. Genetic similarities among the cultivars and species were estimated based on the amount of band sharing ranging from 0.364-0.817 with an average of 0.581. According to the data, a dendrogram of genetic relationship, which was constructed using the UPGMA method, showed that all the tested cultivars and native species were classified into five cluster groups with the similarity coefficient of 0.592. It revealed that the genetic relationships among tested accessions were to some extent related with their origin, flower colour, branch type, and genealogy. It further indicated that the RAPD technique is a useful tool for studying the genetic relationships among hybrid Cymbidium cultivars.

A Correlation Analysis of the Relationship between Land Use and Land Cover/Land Surface Temperature in Abuja Municipal, FCT, Nigeria

This study adopted Remote Sensing and GIS in assessing Land Use and Land Cover (LULC)/Land Surface Temperature (LST) variation in Abuja Municipal, FCT from 1986 to 2016. The thirty-year study period was chosen with the specific objective to determine the relationship between LULC and LST using a correlation analysis. Three Landsat TM/ETM+ images of the study area (1986, 2001 and 2016) were used to carry out the study. LULC was found to increase by 246.96 km2 (86.4%) in areal extent of built-up between 1986 and 2016;the spatial extent of the LST was found to increase on average from 23.5°C to 30.2°C. The correlation analysis showed a strong coefficient of determination (r2). The correlation analyses proved that the LULC classes were strongly related to LST. A strong correlation between the LULC classes and LST was observed at 0.8266, 0.9486, and 0.77 for 1986, 2001, and 2016. The coefficient of determination (r2) for 2016 was 0.77, being a strong indicator that a strong relationship existed implying that built-up areas were major drivers of the variation in the LST in Abuja Municipal. To promote thermal comfort in Abuja Municipal, urban planning, and control of building patterns tree-planting exercises are some of the recommendations made.

The Outcome of Midwife-Mother Relationship in Delivery Room: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Effective communication and emotional support of parturient women improve the outcome of childbirth. Reduction in Duration of labor, cesarean rate, use of anesthesia, and 5 minute Apgar Score less than 7 can achieve. This study was a part of a large mixed method study during 2013-2014. In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 participants (16 mother and 16 midwife), using semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited by pur-posive sampling with maximum diversity in terms of age, occupation, education and etc. Educational hospital of Arak University of Medical Sciences was considered as the setting. Each interview was conducted at a private and convenient location and took about 30 to 45 minutes. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was done for data analysis. Interviews continued until data saturation was obtained. Data were coded in MAXQDA software (version 11). The main category emerged as “outcome” of midwife-mother relationship. Facilitating childbirth, positive experience, mental health promotion and improvement in quality of life were derived as subcategories. Good midwife-mother relationship could promote positive outcome in labour. Results could assist midwives in providing holistic quality care to mothers during labour, thus providing positive consequence in child birth. Also, results could provide a framework and guidance for policymakers to create appropriate context for the midwife-mother relationship in maternity care.

Analysis of the Genetic Relationships in Chinese Ziziphus with SRAP Markers

The phylogenic and genetic relationships in germplasm resources of Chinese Ziziphus were studied at molecular levels, for providing new molecular evidences of classification, protection, and utilization of germplasm resources of Ziziphus. The sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） was assessed to analyse the genetic relationships among 14 species of Ziziphus, 11 cultivars of Z. jujuba Mill., and one outgroup. A total of 580 DNA bands were amplified by 19 selective primers, 570 of which （98.28%） were polymorphic. The average number of polymorphic DNA bands amplified by each primer was 30. The genetic similarities of 26 sample materials were between 0.22 and 0.99. UPGMA method cluster analysis showed that 26 sample materials were classified into six cluster groups with the genetic similarity of 0.28. The results showed that SRAP technique is efficient in studying genetic relationships among Ziziphus, Z. jujuba Mill. and Z. acidojujuba C. Y. Cheng et M. J. Liu which should be treated as one species, and further infraspecific classification of Z. jujuba Mill. should be classified into two subspecies; the scientific names of new taxa, Chinese jujube, and wild jujube were Ziziphus jujuba Mill. subsp, jujuba and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. subsp, spinosa （Bunge） J. Y. Peng, X. Y. Li et L. Li, respectively. Z. xiangchengensis Y. L.Chen et P. K. Chou, Z. montana W.W. Smith and Z. mairei Dode might be originated from same ancestry. Z xiangchengensis Y. L. Chen et P. K. Chou and Z. montana W.W. Smith should be treated as one species. The infrasubspecific taxon of Z. jujuba Mill. was not suitable to set up varieties.

Relationships between femoral strength evaluated by nonlinear finite element analysis and BMD,material distribution and geometric morphology

Precisely quantifying the strength of the proximal femur and accurately assessing hip fracture risk would enable those at high risk to be identified so that preventive interventions could be taken.Development of better measures of femoral strength using the clinically

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT AND SITE FACTORS IN PINUS RADIATA PLANTATIONS

Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors positivily associated with the infection were:previous vegetation（native bush,pine）;soil type（pumice）;landform （valley,gully,flat）and the interaction between them.This model could assist in management planning with regard to the predisposition of particular stand to Armillaria infection.Keywods:Armillaria root rot,Disease incidence,Site factors,Quantification,Pinus radiata.

Transitivity System and Power Relationship-Analysis of William Faulkner＇ s A Rose for Emily

This paper explores how transitivity system functions in the novel A Rose for Emily, especially how it builds up and reflects the suppression on Emily by Emily's father, who represents the patriarchal value system and by the citizens who represents the southern traditional value system. This paper also elaborates how Emily appeared to be powerless and was dominated by the two groups of power, and how her humanity and emotions were suppressed in the conflict of the two categories of power.

An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Mentoring Relationship between Supervisor and Postgraduate

The mentoring relationship between supervisor and postgraduate is crucially important to ensure the quality of education for postgraduates.In this paper,factors affecting the mentoring relationship were investigated by a binary logit model using data collected from 345 postgraduates.In addition,marginal effects were introduced to quantify the effects of factors on mentoring relationship.A total of 11 factors were found to be significant,and four of them could increase the risk of supervisor-postgraduate conflict,while the remaining seven factors could decrease the risk of supervisor-postgraduate conflict.Findings from this study can help better understand the mechanism of supervisor-postgraduate conflicts and develop effective countermeasures.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SUBSYSTEMS OF THE ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON

In this study,the relationship between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon is analyzed using U.S.National Centers for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation monthly mean precipitation data.The results showed that there is significant correlation between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon.The changes of intensity over the same period show that weak large-scale Asian monsoon,Southeast Asia monsoon and South Asian monsoon are associated with strong East Asian monsoon and decreasing rainfall in related areas.And when the large-scale Asian monsoon is strong,Southeast Asia and South Asia monsoons will be strong and precipitation will increase.While the Southeast Asia monsoon is strong,the South Asia monsoon is weak and the rainfall of South Asia is decreasing,and vice versa.The various subsystems are significantly correlated for all periods of intensity changes.

Analysis of genetic relationships between grain milling quality traits and plant agronomic traits of rice

Since seed and maternal plant are in different generations,the grain milling traits and plant agronomic traits of rice are based on differentgenetic models.Using the genetic modelswhich could estimate covariance componentsbetween two traits with unequal design matri-ces,we analyzed the gentic relationships be-

Grey relationship analysis and grey forecasting modeling on thermal stability of synthetic single diamond

Through analyzing 7 Ib-type samples of synthetic single diamonds by their DTA and TG in air, we ascertained the extrapolated onset temperature on the curves of DTA as the characteristic temperature of their thermal stabilities. Based on the grey system theory, we analyzed 4 factors influential in the thermal stability by the grey relationship analysis, a quantitative method, and derived the grey relationship sequence, that is, the rank of the influence extent of 4 factors on the thermal stability. Furthermore, we established the grey forecasting model, namely GM(1,5), for predicting the thermal stability of single diamonds with their intrinsic properties, which was then examined by a deviation-probability examination. The results illustrate that it is reasonable to take the Extrapolated Onset Temperature in DTA as the characteristic temperature for thermal stability (TS) of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds. The nitrogen content and grain shape regularity of diamonds are dominating factors. Likewise, grain size and compressive strength are minor factors. In addition, GM(1,5) can be used to predict the thermal stability of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds available. The precision rank of GM(1,5) is ‘GOOD’.

GOMA:functional enrichment analysis tool based on GO modules

Analyzing the function of gene sets is a critical step in interpreting the results of high-throughput experiments in systems biology. A variety of enrichment analysis tools have been developed in recent years, but most output a long list of significantly enriched terms that are often redundant, making it difficult to extract the most meaningful functions. In this paper, we present GOMA, a novel enrichment analysis method based on the new concept of enriched functional Gene Ontology (GO) modules. With this method, we systematically revealed functional GO modules, i.e., groups of functionally similar GO terms, via an optimization model and then ranked them by enrichment scores. Our new method simplifies enrichment analysis results by reducing redundancy, thereby preventing inconsistent enrichment results among functionally similar terms and providing more biologically meaningful results.

Structure Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome in Cultivation Variety ‘Rongfu’

In this report,complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Laminaria cultivation variety 'Rongfu' were obtained.The results showed the length of circular molecule of mtDNA was 37 638 bp(64.7% A+T),encoding three rRNAs(23S,16S and 5S),25 tRNAs,35 known mitochondrial proteins and 3 ORFs.Sequence alignment indicated its mtDNA genome was very similar to that of Laminaria japonica.Phylogenetic trees inferred from concatenated 30 mitochondrial genes showed that 'Rongfu',Laminaria japon-ica,Laminaria longipedalis,Laminaria diabolica,Laminaria religiosa and Laminaria ochotensis clustered together.In addition,compared with mitochondrial genome of L.japonica,'Rongfu' mtDNA lacked a non-coding region of 19 nucleotides,which was located between rRNA small subunit gene 3(rps3)and rRNA small subunit gene 9(rps9).Seven cultivation varieties of China were divided into two groups based on this non-coding region which was absent in 'Rongfu','Fujian' and 'Sanhai' while present in 'Ailunwan','Dongfang No.2','Dongfang No.3' and 'Zaohoucheng'.So this variation can be used in germplasm identification of cultivation variety.

Bibliometric analysis of subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota

BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is an emerging field of research,with related research having breakthrough development in the past 15 years.Bibliometric analysis can be applied to analyze the evolutionary trends and emerging hotspots in this field.AIM To study the subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota related research fields from 2004 to 2018.METHODS The literature data on gut microbiota were identified and downloaded from the PubMed database.Through biclustering analysis,strategic diagrams,and social network analysis diagrams,the main trend and knowledge structure of research fields concerning gut microbiota were analyzed to obtain and compare the research hotspots in each period.RESULTS According to the strategic coordinates and social relationship network map,Clostridium Infections/microbiology,Clostridium Infections/therapy,RNA,Ribosomal,16S/genetics,Microbiota/genetics,Microbiota/immunology,Dysbiosis/immunology,Infla-mmation/immunology,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation can be used as an emerging research hotspot in the past 5 years(2014-2018).CONCLUSION Some subjects were not yet fully studied according to the strategic coordinates;and the emerging hotspots in the social network map can be considered as directions of future research.

Research on Clothing Simulation Design Based on Three-Dimensional Image Analysis

Traditional clothing design models based on adaptive meshes cannot reflect.To solve this problem,a clothing simulation design model based on 3D image analysis technology is established.The model uses feature extraction and description of image evaluation parameters,and establishes the mapping relationship between image features and simulation results by using the optimal parameter values,thereby obtaining a three-dimensional image simulation analysis environment.On the basis of this model,by obtaining the response results of clothing collision detection and the results of local adaptive processing of clothing meshes,the cutting form and actual cutting effect of clothing are determined to construct a design model.The simulation results show that compared with traditional clothing design models,clothing simulation design based on 3D image analysis technology has a better effect,with the definition of fabric folds increasing by 40%.More striking contrast between light and dark,the resolution increasing by 30%,and clothing details getting a more real manifestation.

基于SQL Server Analysis Service(SSAS)的土地地类关系空间数据挖掘

基于SQL Server Analysis Services(简称SSAS)提供的Microsoft关联规则挖掘算法和事务数据挖掘功能,通过利用Arc GIS软件、空间数据库引擎Arc SDE和数据库SQL Server软件,提出了一种新的土地地类关系挖掘实现方案。首先结合空间数据挖掘(Spatial Data Mining,SDM)相关技术方法,以土地利用数据库为基础,实现空间数据提取;然后通过空间关联操作将空间信息转化为事务,最后在SSAS中创建多维数据集,完成相关数据挖掘任务。基于某市实例土地利用数据库,采用该方法探测相邻地类间的隐含关系,通过建立相邻地类图斑空间关联规则挖掘模型,设置不同的参数,得到了一系列比较实用合理的关联规则,通过实践证明了这种方案的有效性。

Features of Suffering Perceived by Japanese Patients in a Stable Condition: A Text Analysis

Objectives: We performed a text analysis of telephone consultation content regarding features of suffering (thoughts that patients cannot express to nurses) perceived by Japanese patients in a stable condition. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted by 8 telephone counselors who listened to patients’ suffering. Interview content was recorded verbatim, text was organized, and a text and association analysis was conducted (cluster analysis, bubble plot analysis, and a co-occurrence network analysis). Results: Seventy-two conversations were obtained and analyzed. It was confirmed that suffering as perceived by stable, Japanese patients had consistent concerns such as “lack of inference,” “privacy issues,” and “nurses’ not intervening on patients’ behalf.” Additionally, expectations of patients when patients are suffering are extremely diverse and were not characterized by specific tendencies. Conclusions: Emotions have a complicated influence in the context of Japanese patients’ suffering. It is necessary to consider the cultural background of expression in Japan to treat patients’ suffering.

Design and Dynamic Analysis of the Recirculating Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism

The recirculating planetary roller screw mechanism(RPRSM)is a transmission mechanism that engages the screw and nut threaded by multiple grooved rollers.In this paper,frstly,the design method of RPRSM nut threadless area is proposed,and the equations related to the structural parameters of nut threadless area are derived.On this basis,the cross-section design method of roller,screw and nut is constructed according to the actual situation of engagements between the screw/nut and the roller.By adjusting the gap between the two beveled edges and that between the arc and the beveled edge,the accuracy of the thread engagements between the screw/nut and the roller can be improved.Secondly,to ensure the engagements of the screw/nut and the roller,the distance equation from the center surface of the diferent rollers to the end surface of cam ring is given.Thirdly,combined with the working principle and structural composition of RPRSM,the component model is established according to its relevant structural parameters,and the virtual assembly is completed.Finally,the 3D model is imported into the ADAMS simulation software for multi-rigid body dynamics.The dynamic characteristic is analyzed,and the simulated values are compared with the theoretical values.The results show that the contact forces between the screw/nut and the roller are sinusoidal,mainly due to the existence of a small gap between the roller and the carrier.The maximum collision forces between the roller and cam ring are independent from load magnitude.Normally,the collision force between the roller and the carrier increases as the load increases.When RPRSM is in the transmission process,the roller angular speed in nut threadless area begins to appear abruptly,and the position of the maximum change is at the contact between the roller and the convex platform of cam ring.The design of the nut threadless area and the proposed virtual assembly method can provide a theoretical guidance for RPRSM research,as well as a reference for overall performance optimization.

Empirical Analysis of Object-Oriented Design Metrics for Predicting Unit Testing Effort of Classes

In this paper, we investigate empirically the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and testability of classes. We address testability from the point of view of unit testing effort. We collected data from three open source Java software systems for which JUnit test cases exist. To capture the testing effort of classes, we used metrics to quantify the corresponding JUnit test cases. Classes were classified, according to the required unit testing effort, in two categories: high and low. In order to evaluate the relationship between object-oriented design metrics and unit testing effort of classes, we used logistic regression methods. We used the univariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the individual effect of each metric on the unit testing effort of classes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the combined effect of the metrics. The performance of the prediction models was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis. The results indicate that: 1) complexity, size, cohesion and (to some extent) coupling were found significant predictors of the unit testing effort of classes and 2) multivariate regression models based on object-oriented design metrics are able to accurately predict the unit testing effort of classes.