DECISION-MAKING OF SLICING SCHEME IN FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS BASED ON ANALYTICAL HIERARCHICAL PROCESS

Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluation is introduced to make decision in slicing schemes for a processing part. The application in determining the slicing scheme for a computer mouse during prototyping shows that the method increases the rationality during decision- making and improves quality and efficiency for the prototyping part.

基于AHP和ANSYS的养老院共享轮椅设计与研究

文章旨在研究养老院的轮椅设施使用现状,并提出养老院共享轮椅的方案,鼓励老人们走出房间,与其他老人交流和建立社交关系,提高养老生活质量。运用层次分析法得到具体需求权重,进行养老院共享轮椅设计,通过ANSYS有限元分析验证该轮椅的结构安全性。完成养老院共享轮椅的模型及系统设计。集成AHP层次分析法和ANSYS分析的轮椅创新设计流程,分析求解得到该轮椅主要承重结构可靠,确保老人使用安全,实现养老院内健康安心养老。

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD FOR BUSINESS PROCESS OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURER BASED ON DEA/AHP HYBRID MODEL

A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and analytical hierarchical process （AHP）, a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering （BPR） with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.

Relationship of public preferences and behavior in residential outdoor spaces using analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis—a case study of Hangzhou City, China

This study examined public attitudes concerning the value of outdoor spaces which people use daily. Two successive analyses were performed based on data from common residents and college students in the city of Hangzhou, China. First, citizens registered various items constituting desirable values of residential outdoor spaces through a preliminary questionnaire. The result proposed three general attributes (functional, aesthetic and ecological) and ten specific qualities of residential outdoor spaces. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to an interview survey in order to clarify the weights among these attributes and qualities. Second, principal factors were extracted from the ten specific qualities with principal component analysis (PCA) for both the common case and the campus case. In addition, the variations of respondents’ groups were classified with cluster analysis (CA) using the results of the PCA. The results of the AHP application found that the public prefers the functional attribute, rather than the aesthetic attribute. The latter is always viewed as the core value of open spaces in the eyes of architects and designers. Fur-thermore, comparisons of ten specific qualities showed that the public prefers the open spaces that can be utilized conveniently and easily for group activities, because such spaces keep an active lifestyle of neighborhood communication, which is also seen to protect human-regarding residential environments. Moreover, different groups of respondents diverge largely in terms of gender, age, behavior and preference.

Mapping favorable groundwater potential recharge zones using a GIS-based analytical hierarchical process and probability frequency ratio model:A case study from an agro-urban region of Pakistan

In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the water table as well as its quality.Better management practices and artificial recharge are needed for the development of sustainable groundwater resources.This study proposes a methodology to delineate favorable groundwater potential recharge zones(FPRI)by integrating maps of groundwater potential recharge index(PRI)with the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index(VI).In order to evaluate both indexes,different thematic layers corresponding to each index were overlaid in ArcGIS.In the overlay analysis,the weights(for various thematic layers)and rating values(for sub-classes)were allocated based on a review of published literature.Both were then normalized and modified using the analytical hierarchical process(AHP)and a frequency ratio model respectively.After evaluating PRI and FPRI,these maps were validated using the area under the curve(AUC)method.The PRI map indicates that 53%of the area assessed exists in very low to low recharge zones,22%in moderate,and 25%in high to excellent potential recharge zones.The VI map indicates that 38%of the area assessed exists in very low to low vulnerability,33%in moderate,and 29%in high to very high vulnerability zones.The FPRI map shows that the central region of Punjab is moderately-to-highly favorable for recharge due to its low vulnerability and high recharge potential.During the validation process,it was found that the AUC estimated with modified weights and rating values was 79%and 67%,for PRI and VI indexes,respectively.The AUC was less when evaluated using original weights and rating values taken from published literature.Maps of favorable groundwater potential recharge zones are helpful for planning and implementation of wells and hydraulic structures in this region.

基于改进ISM-FRAM-AHP的有限空间作业过程风险防控

为解决有限空间作业过程多层次、多环节、多功能交互关系模糊和不良耦合影响的问题,引入功能共振分析模型(FRAM),结合解释结构模型(ISM)和层次分析法(AHP)优化改进层次结构和判断方式,通过划分风险层次结构,将系统功能耦合变异性的影响进行定量化,并计算功能单元和层级结构的重要度,通过功能可变性和耦合损失度结果,确定上下游功能变化输入输出表型,理清系统功能要素间耦合作用影响机制。结果表明:应用基于改进ISM-FRAM-AHP的有限空间作业过程风险防控模型,能够得到23个功能单元和10层风险层级功能网络;功能可变性数值和耦合损失度最大值为4.36(外部环境F_(23))和0.8084(制定作业方案F_(2)),作业安全风险程度较高,功能变化主要表现为顺序、目标和控制,针对8条失效链路设置物理、象征、功能、隐形4种有效屏障措施。

基于Delphi-AHP的轻武器训练安全风险因素分析

轻武器是军队数量最多、使用频率最高,也是训练中出现安全事故较多的一类装备。为解决轻武器训练安全风险因素缺乏量化分析的问题,采用“Delphi构建指标-AHP确定权重-事故分析对比验证”的方法,首次构建了轻武器训练安全评价指标体系,系统分析风险因素。结果表明:基于Delphi-AHP确定的指标权重与事故分析结果较为一致,研究方法科学合理;轻武器训练风险性高、影响因素多,需重点考虑人员和管理因素,关注受训者技能水平、受训者安全意识、组织指挥、风险评估及隐患排查等因素,组训时需考虑不同种类轻武器风险因素差异。

基于GRA-AHP联合极差分析复合算法的边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析

针对AHP和GRA单一算法应用过程中受主观影响导致评价结果与实际结果偏差较大的问题,提出了GRA-AHP联合极差分析复合算法,并以西南某磷矿A区边坡为例,运用该算法分析了重度、内摩擦角、黏聚力、弹性模量和泊松比对边坡稳定性的敏感性。结果表明,A区边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性从大到小顺序为:内摩擦角、黏聚力、重度、弹性模量、泊松比,分析结果与矿山实际情况相符。

基于GMCR-AHP的农村留守老年人养老资源配置冲突分析

目的:分析我国农村留守老年人在养老过程中涉及的不同主体之间的利益关系,为提高农村养老资源的合理配置提供策略建议。方法:使用层次分析法(AHP)和冲突分析图模型(GMCR)构建政府、养老机构、家庭、老年人利益诉求的GMCR-AHP模型,分析优化当前农村留守老年人养老资源配置过程中各相关主体之间的矛盾冲突,探究各主体利益均衡的全局稳定状态。结果:经冲突分析得到均衡解为YNYNNYNY,即政府完善配套政策,统领养老工作;养老机构争取更多政府补助,扩大养老服务范围;家庭中子女外出务工无法照顾老年人,选择机构养老;老年人自身渴望得到更多政府经济政策支持,缓解家庭养老压力。结论:为缓解农村养老资源供需困境下各主体利益冲突,合理配置农村养老资源,政府应引领多元主体协同共治,加大农村养老产业投资力度;养老机构要紧跟政策方向变化,发展医养结合养老服务模式;家庭方面以老年人健康为第一要务,支持留守老年人机构养老;同时老年人自身转变传统养老观念,积极参与新形势下的养老方式。

基于AHP的零碳建筑技术评估与应用研究

发展零碳建筑是我国国家战略,零碳建筑技术评估是促进规模化发展低碳建筑、零碳建筑的重要一环。文中以山东建筑大学教学实验综合楼一期为验证案例,运用AHP层次分析法构建的建筑概念设计阶段的零碳建筑技术综合评估模型,得出建筑项目的零碳建筑技术建议方案,在此基础上设计应用于概念设计阶段零碳建筑技术综合评估软件,运用软件为例得出评估结果与实际零碳建筑技术的应用基本符合,验证了评估方法与评估软件的可行性和可操作性。研究实现了零碳建筑技术的跨学科、跨专业综合评估,可为零碳建筑提供决策支持,帮助不同建设目标的零碳建筑合理选择适宜的建筑技术。

Development of a Web-Based GIS of Flood Zones in the Municipality of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso

This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIS aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burkina Faso, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, faces major natural threats, particularly flooding, as demonstrated by the severe floods of 2009 that caused loss of life, injury, structural damage and economic losses in Ouagadougou. The aim of this research is to develop a web map highlighting the municipality’s flood-prone areas, with a view to informing and raising awareness of flood risk reduction. Using the Leaflet JavaScript mapping library, the study uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript to implement web mapping technology. Data on Ouagadougou’s flood zones is generated by a multi-criteria analysis combining Saaty’s AHP method and GIS in QGIS, integrating seven (7) parameters including hydrography, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. QGIS processes and maps the themes, PostgreSQL with PostGIS serves as the DBMS and GeoServer functions as the map server. The Web GIS platform allows users to visualize the different flood risks, from very low to very high, or the high-risk areas specific to Ouagadougou. The AHP calculations classify the municipality into five flood vulnerability zones: very low (24.48%), low (27.93%), medium (23.01%), high (17.11%) and very high (7.47%). Effective risk management requires communication and awareness-raising. This online mapping application serves as a tool for communication, management and flood prevention in Ouagadougou, helping to mitigate flood-related natural disasters.

基于FBS-AHP方法的老年运动鞋设计

本文基于AHP和FBS模型,深入研究了老年运动鞋设计,提出创新方案以提升舒适性和美观性。通过用户调研和权重分析,为设计实践提供科学依据,有助于推动老年运动鞋市场的发展,提升老年人生活质量。

基于AHP-模糊综合评价的海上风机基础状态评估

为掌握服役时期的海上风机基础状态并对海上风机基础状态进行评估,提出一套结合故障树分析(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)法、层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)法和模糊综合评价法的海上风机基础状态评价模型。针对导管架式海上风机基础,考虑海洋腐蚀和海底冲刷,通过p-y曲线法模拟桩-土相互作用,在风浪流载荷的作用下进行动力响应分析,采用故障树对其失效模式进行分析,确定评价指标,构造判断矩阵计算指标权重,运用模糊综合评价法对各指标和整体进行评价。该模型结合各评价方法的优点,使评价结果更有说服力,可为海上风电场运行维护管理提供技术参考。

基于AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析的生地黄炒炭工艺优选

目的:筛选生地黄炭的最佳炮制工艺参数,为生地黄炭质量控制提供综合评价模型。方法:以生地黄炭饮片6个有效成分(梓醇、地黄苷D、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、5-羟甲基糠醛)的质量分数、吸附力、得率和外观性状评分共9个评价指标,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计和单因素考察,结合层次分析法(AHP)-指标权重确定方法(CRITIC)复合熵权确定各评价指标的权重系数,以直观分析、方差分析及复合熵权法结合灰色关联度分析法对正交试验结果进行综合评价,优选生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺。结果:优选的生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺参数为:温度200℃,炒制20 min,转速25 Hz。结论:AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析法结合正交试验进行生地黄炭炮制工艺优化,各指标权重系数客观且真实,优选的炒炭工艺稳定可行,重复性良好,可以为生地黄炭炮制工艺标准及质量标准的建立提供试验依据。

Using DEA and AHP for Multiplicative Aggregation of Hierarchical Indicators

The author [Pakkar, M.S. (2014) Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Construct Composite Indicators. Journal of Applied Operational Research, 6(3), 174-187.] recently proposed a multiplicative approach using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to reflect the priority weights of indicators in constructing composite indicators (CIs). Nonetheless, this approach is limited to the situations with a single level hierarchy which might not satisfy the needs of a multiple level hierarchy. Therefore, the current paper extends this approach to the situations in which the indicators of similar characteristics can be grouped into sub-categories and further linked into categories to form a three-level hierarchical structure. An illustrative example of road safety performance for a set of European countries highlights the usefulness of the proposed “extended approach”.

基于AHP法的复合材料水下修复产品评估模型及应用

某平台2条混输管线和1条注水管线在漏磁内检测时,发现海底管道均存在不同程度的外腐蚀缺陷,其中管道节点和防水帽处为主要的外腐蚀缺陷,节点防腐层失效是腐蚀的主要原因,导致海水腐蚀。为保证修复效果,使用3种复合材料进行水下修复工作,都达到预期的结果。为从这3种符合修复技术能力的复合材料中筛选评估出性价比最适合的产品,采用了层次分析法(AHP)和层次权重决策分析方法的结合,最终达到试验要求。

The Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） in the Determination of Earnings Quality： The Case of UAE

The purpose of this study is to review and demonstrate how analytic hierarchy process （AHP） can be employed to determine earnings quality. The AHP technique can make the analysis studies more effective, easy, and applicable to companies to calculate the relative weights of each dimension, sub-dimension, and specific sub-dimension of earnings quality. A common understanding of earnings quality is difficult to define and even more difficult to measure precisely. In addition to this, the earnings quality is influenced by factors which are often intangible and immeasurable and, as such, when assessing earnings quality, judgments will be largely subjective. Further, earnings quality is related to business concepts or practices and affected by other factors such as the nature and source of earnings. In relation to this, earnings quality would be directly influenced by the conservatism of the chosen methods. However, earnings quality relates to the persistence of earnings and to the likelihood of cash realization on reported eamings. Overall, the results presented from the paramorphic model under AHP are meant to be descriptive of the decision process of five investment analysts within three different companies. The results in this study offer valuable insights into how a small population of investment analysts actually decides the relative importance of various earnings quality dimensions.

基于UBmap/AHP/FAST的医院建筑火灾应急避难装置设计

为提高医院火灾应急避难能力,针对医院住院楼建筑,设计一款在火灾下能及时进行应急避难、安全逃脱的装置产品。集合用户行为地图(UBmap)、层次分析法(AHP)、功能分析系统技术法(FAST),融入整体设计构架中,探究应急避难装置产品的用户需求以及相关产品设计要素。将医院住院楼建筑环境特点及患者人群对火灾的逃生行为过程融入UBmap中,构建行为旅程图,推测并提取各个阶段需求指标;再通过AHP/FAST聚合方法,对需求指标进行重要度排序,并转化为主次功能进行分析求解,以此推断产品设计定位与功能逻辑的准确性,完成设计方案生产。综合UBmap/AHP/FAST为依据的理论模型,运用到医院住院楼建筑火灾下的避难装置设计开发流程中,并运用ANSYS Workbench软件有限元分析方案,进一步验证校核该设计的整体装置强度与可行性。结果表明:将不同的方法融合分析,系统性地对产品展开分析设计与实现且进行仿真检验,减少设计过程中的薄弱环节与不确定性问题,能够使设计更具系统性与科学性,达到降低避难装置的生产成本、实现安全效率化、防灾减灾的目标。

基于AHP的预制构件生产质量影响因素分析

与传统的现浇作业相比,装配式建筑是建造方式的重大变革,其建造过程涉及预制构件生产、现场安装等多个环节,对质量管理提出了更高的要求。预制构件作为装配式建筑的主要组成单元,其质量直接影响建筑整体的结构安全和使用功能。为了更有针对性的指导装配式建筑预制构件生产的质量管理,本文通过对装配式预制构件生产全过程进行分析,依据全面质量管理理论对常见质量影响因素等进行归纳总结,并基于层次分析法原理构建质量风险分析模型,采用权重值衡量各因素对构件生产质量的影响大小。结果表明:质量管理组织机构、原材料质量、人员技术水平、模台生产线这4项因素对预制构件生产质量的影响最大,应作为质量管理的重点加以管控。本文成果可为类似项目的质量管理决策提供参考。

基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的农旅融合度研究——以酒泉市瓜州县花卉制种产业为例

深化农旅融合是推动乡村振兴的重要途径,是农业农村发展大势所趋,也是城市消费需求的热点所在。本文以酒泉市瓜州县为例,综合分析了瓜州县花卉制种产业农旅融合发展内外部环境,构建农旅融合度评价指标体系。通过专家咨询和问卷调查的方法收集原始数据,应用层次-模糊综合模型对瓜州花卉制种产业农旅融合度开展了系统性评估。研究发现,不同影响指标对评价目标的影响程度存在差异,对评价结果影响较大指标依次为:农旅产品质量>农旅产品类别丰富程度>交通便利程度>基础设施完善度>企业参与程度>农村居民就业机会增长率>乡村环境质量>宣传力度>旅游区规模,这些指标是影响瓜州县花卉制种产业农旅发展水平的主要因素,在产业发展过程中应该重点关注。模糊综合评价得出瓜州县花卉制种产业的农旅融合度处于“良好”水平,经济效益、产品服务和社会效益发展评价较好,需要不断地保持和完善;资金条件、人才条件、区位条件的发展相对薄弱,是推动产业升级,构建新发展格局的突破点。评估结果为该产业后续的发展规划提供了理论依据。