GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties as a Basis for Land Reclamation in Toshka Area, Aswan, EGYPT

The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the chemical and fertility index for assisting land reclamation in Toshka area. The Toshka area is located between latitudes 31°32'N and 31°36'N and longitudes 32°40'E and 32°60'E. GIS was used to select 16 sites. The results revealed the soil has undesirable characteristics. The soil pH ranged from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Furthermore, it was characterized as saline (with a ECe of 4.65 - 11.45 dS⋅m−1) and moderately calcareous soil (with CaCO3 at 11.85% - 17.20%). The soil had a low soil organic matter content which did not exceed 0.18%. The soil was dominated by a sandy loam texture (62.50%) followed by a sandy clay loam texture (18.75%). The bulk density, total soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity values varied with 1.38 - 1.55 Mg⋅cm−3, 41.85% - 48.45% and 1.20 - 3.34 cm⋅h−1, respectively. The chemical index ranged from low to moderate quality. The correlations between the parameters osculated between negative and positive. Therefore, the soil may be reclaimed if the soil properties are improved and crop selection is optimized for this soil.

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Indices and Quality of Blueberry Wines from Gardenblue and Baldwin

Gardenblue and baldwin rabbiteye blueberry are the alien varieties. The physical and chemical indices of the fresh fruits of the two varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the sugar-acid ratio was higher in gardenblue than in baldwin, and the content of anthocyanins was also higher in gardenblue than in baldwin, so the quality of gardenblue was better. The gardenblue wine has better quality than the baldwin wine, and the two kinds of wines both have good quality. Therefore, gardenblue and baldwin both are suitable for the brewing red wine as the raw material.

Study on the Quality Evaluation of Steamed Bread and the Physical and Chemical Properties of Wheat

In this study,the different physical and chemical properties of wheat were studied,and on this basis,and the quality of steamed bread made was evaluated.We analyzed the correlation between the evaluation indexes of steamed bread and the basic physical and chemical indexes of wheat,and investigated important factors that affect the evaluation indexes of steamed bread,including flour extraction rate,protein content,amylose content,protein,added amount of yeast,fermentation time and other aspects.According to the study results,it was shown that different factors had different effect on steamed bread quality,with both positive correlation and negative correlation.

Evaluation of empirical estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of rock using measurements from index and physical tests

The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) of rock is an important parameter required for design and analysis of rock structures,and rock mass classification.Uniaxial compression test is the direct method to obtain the UCS values.However,these tests are generally tedious,time-consuming,expensive,and sometimes impossible to perform due to difficult rock conditions.Therefore,several empirical equations have been developed to estimate the UCS from results of index and physical tests of rock.Nevertheless,numerous empirical models available in the literature often make it difficult for mining engineers to decide which empirical equation provides the most reliable estimate of UCS.This study evaluates estimation of UCS of rocks from several empirical equations.The study uses data of point load strength(Is(50)),Schmidt rebound hardness(SRH),block punch index(BPI),effective porosity(n) and density(ρ)as inputs to empirically estimate the UCS.The estimated UCS values from empirical equations are compared with experimentally obtained or measured UCS values,using statistical analyses.It shows that the reliability of UCS estimated from empirical equations depends on the quality of data used to develop the equations,type of input data used in the equations,and the quality of input data from index or physical tests.The results show that the point load strength(Is(50)) is the most reliable index for estimating UCS among the five types of tests evaluated.Because of type-specific nature of rock,restricting the use of empirical equations to the similar rock types for which they are developed is one of the measures to ensure satisfactory prediction performance of empirical equations.

Chemical and Microbiological Characterization of Egyptian Cultivars for Some Spices and Herbs Commonly Exported Abroad

The present study highlighted some chemical, nutritional, microbiological and essential oil characteristics of the Egyptian traditional cultivars for seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandum sativum) spices as well as for basil whole herb (Ocimum basilicum) collected from different Egyptian export centers as being ready for export. The found values for humidity in dry seeds of cumin (7.4%) and coriander (6.4%) as well as total ash and ash insoluble in acid (in cumin 7.7% and 0.74%, but in coriander 5.3% and 0.55%, respectively) were lower than the maximum limits indicated by the Egyptian Specification Standards (ES) and by International Standards Organization (ISO) for cumin and coriander seeds. Analysis of essential minerals in seed spices and herbs indicated that they were are rich in K, Ca, Na, Fe and Zn. Total bacterial count was low content in seeds of cumin and coriander as well as fresh whole basil herb. The microbiological load in all tested seed spices and herbs was found lower than those indicated by the ES and ISO for cumin and coriander seeds. Yields in hydro-distilled essential oils (EOs) were the highest in cumin seeds (3.762%), while both coriander and basil herb had lower amounts (0.285% and 0.686%, respectively). EOs contents were found higher than the maximum limits for cumin (1.5% - 2.5% on dry weight basis), but the within the limits for coriander (0.1% - 0.5% on dry weight basis) as indicated by the ES and ISO for cumin and coriander seed oils. Gas chromatography of extracted EOs from seeds of cumin and coriander as well as basil herbs indicated the presence of 41, 35 and 47 compounds, respectively, where cuminaldehyde was the major component in cumin volatiles, but was linalool in volatiles of both coriander seeds and basil herbs. EOs of basil herbs grown in Egypt, were of the high linalool-chemotype which were characterized by high contents of linalool and relatively lower amounts of eugenol. However, the major compounds in the three tested EOs from seeds or herbs grown in Egypt are in accordance with literature reports from different parts of the world. Volatile oil components in EOs of the three tested Egyptian spices and herbs were classified into groups, based on the relative area (%). The proportion of the major and the other main components in EOs from seeds of cumin and coriander cultivars were within the ranges indicated by both the ES and ISO for cumin seed oils (cuminaldehyde between 15% - 46%) and for coriander seed oils (linalool between 65% - 78%). No Egyptian Specification Standards are established yet for fresh basil herbs and for basil oil of Linalool chemotype, but only present for basil oil of methylchavicol-chemotype.

Application of Water Quality Index(WQI)and Regression Analysis of Groundwater in Budigumma Village,Anantapur District,Andhra Pradesh

The research work is aimed at assessing the subsurface or groundwater suitability for human use or consumption depends upon the calculated water quality index values,correlation coefficient and regression analysis.The water quality index(WQI)is main important tool to calculate the characteristics of drinking water quality in rural,urban and industrial area.Different parameters which is measured and determination of the water quality index for selecting parameters.Further to study the correlation and regression method in this research work.Totally fifteen groundwater samples were collected from the Budigumma Village Anantapur district in the state Andhra Pradesh in India.Nine water quality parameters has been considered for the computation of water quality index such as pH,total dissolved solid(TDS),total hardness(TH),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),nitrates(NO3),chlorides(Cl),sulphates(SO4),fluorides(F).The World Health Organization(WHO)has been assessed to the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes or other uses for public and determining of WQI.This WQI index values ranged from 97.78 to 108.37.The study shows that 87%area comes under the poor category of drinking purposes and the remaining 13%comes under as good water for drinking purposes as per the WQI classification.The correlation and regression analysis gives as an outstanding device for the calculation of different parameter values within realistic degree of precision.The subsistence of strong correlation or relationship between the total hardness and magnesium is determined.The analysis of selected parameters revealed that proper treatment before use or consumption and protected from more contamination.

Fluoride distribution and the effect of some ions along Alexandria coastal Mediterranean seawater of Egypt

The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical and physical) determined. The data gave indication that the content and the amount of the discharged water largely affect the chemical composition of the coastal water. Stepwise regression analysis was highly significant and the model was very fruitful, where the observed and calculated values were mostly concordant. This may indicated that there was a relation between fluoride content in coastal seawater and its content in the discharged water.

Physico-chemical Characterization of the Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin) Isolated from Bacteriodes fragilis NCTC 9343

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) isolated from Bacteriodes fragilis NCTC 9343 ex-hibted an endogenous heterogencity consisting of R (rough) and SR (semi-rough ) LPS fractionsupon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LPS was chemically consti-tuted by D-glucosamine, D-glucose. L-rhamnose, D-galactose. fatty acids and phosphate in amolar ratio of 2: 1: 1: 4: 5. 4.: 2.7 The fatty acids were predominated by 3-hydroxypentadecanoic(3-OH-15: 0), 3-hydroxyhcxadecanoic (3-OH-16: 0), 3-hydroxyheptadecanoic (3-OH-17: 0), 3-hydroxy-15-methyl hexadecanoic (3-OH-15-Me-16: 0) and 13-methyl-letradecanoic acid (13-Mc-14:0). Approximately 1 mol of 2-Keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctonatc (KDO) was detected after treat-ment of LPS with 48% of hydrofluoric acid (HF), indicating it was present as a phosphorylatedmolecule.

Present Situation and Prospective of Camellia Nut Shells Utilization

With the rapid development of Camellia oleifera industry, more and more Camellia nut shells have been produced, leading to serious environmental pollution problem. This paper reviews the works on the characterization of the physical and chemical properties of Camellia nut shells, active ingredient extraction, its application in chemical production, growing media and animal feed and its properties as a biomass. Based on the review, we proposed a novel all-component high value application strategy to covert camellia nut shells into high value biomasses, which could realize waste recycling and environmental protection.

Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Parameters as Veritable Indicators of Faecal Escherichia coli Contamination of Surface Waters

There is need for alternate quick-search of pathogens’distribution in community water sources,instead of the cumbersome“Escherichia coli detection.”Physical and chemical(physico-chemical)parameters were evaluated as veritable indicators of faecal Escherichia coli contamination of surface waters,using Adada River in Nigeria as case-study.Thirty-two(32)physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in the river(at specified geographical coordinates)for their quality and quantity and connected(using Pearson’s Correlation Analysis)with the distribution of the river’s isolated Escherichia coli.The 32 physico-chemical parameters consist of 11 cations,6 anions,7 physical properties,3 properties relating to oxygen and 5 properties relating to anions/cations.Physico-chemical indices from the analysis,revealed very significant positive correlation relationship of Escherichia coli with the presence of Mg(Magnesium)and K(Potassium)in the dry and rainy season,respectively.E.coli affinity tests(Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion)for these metals were also positive.Mg and K also showed significant positive Pearson’s possible paired correlation relationship.From this evaluation,potential index analysis indicated that Mg and K could serve as markers for the faecal bacteria indicators,and possible index for future monitoring of the potability of such surface water.The method is straight forward,cost effective,less cumbersome than other currently existing approaches.

On the Regression-Tensor Analysis of the Hardening Process of Metal Coatings

This paper constructs and studies a nonlinear multivariate regression-tensor model for substantiation of necessary/sufficient conditions of optimization of technological calculation of multifactor physical and chemical process of hardening of complex composite media for metal coatings. An adaptive a posteriori procedure for parametric formation of the target quality functional of integrative physical and mechanical properties of the designed metal coating has been proposed. The results of the research may serve as elements of a mathematical language when creating automated design of precision nanotechnologies for surface hardening of complex composite metal coatings on the basis of complex tribological and anticorrosive tests.

不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响

为了探究不同提取工艺对鸡油理化性质与挥发性风味物质的影响。本研究分别采用干法、湿法和微波熬制三种工艺提取鸡油,并对不同工艺提取鸡油的理化性质进行综合比较,同时采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定其挥发性风味物质构成,结合相对气味活度值、主成分分析和聚类分析明确不同提取工艺鸡油中的关键挥发性风味成分组成差异。结果表明,干法熬制的鸡油亮度最低,颜色更红、更黄,丙二醛含量较低;湿法熬制的鸡油亮度最高,颜色偏绿、偏黄,酸价较低;微波熬制的鸡油亮度稍暗,黄色和红色较浅,提取率较高,氧化稳定性较好且熬制时间短。不同提取工艺鸡油样品中共鉴定出49种挥发性风味物质,其中干法、湿法和微波法三种不同工艺所提取的鸡油中挥发性风味物质分别有39种、41种和44种,共有挥发性风味物质30种。结合ROAV和PCA,确定了(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、(E)-2-癸烯醛、1-戊醇、辛醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、3-甲基丁醛为鸡油的主要特征风味物质。微波法提取鸡油的特征性风味物质含量较高且种类较多。本研究表明微波工艺相对而言具有耗时短、得率高、氧化稳定好以及鸡油特征性风味物质含量较高且种类多等优点,是一种值得深入研究与探索的鸡油提取工艺。

不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响

为筛选适合培育草莓扦插苗的基质配方,本研究以草莓品种天使8号为试验材料,通过测定不同配比基质的理化指标及草莓扦插苗的生长指标,分析不同基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同配比基质的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、通气孔隙度存在差异,并且不同配比基质对草莓扦插苗生长的影响不同。其中椰糠∶草炭∶珍珠岩=4∶1∶1(重量比)为最佳基质配比,该配比基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度较高。使用该基质培育的草莓扦插苗的叶柄粗、株高、茎粗、叶柄长、叶长和叶宽较大,地下部鲜重和地下部干重较大,同时草莓扦插苗气孔导度、胞间CO 2浓度、蒸腾速率较高。本研究结果为草莓穴盘扦插育苗的基质配置提供了参考。

乌梁素海修复水体主要理化指标检测分析

近年来,由于工业的快速发展乌梁素海水体污染严重,水体中氮、磷、氨氮等营养元素严重超标,致使该湖泊富营养化严重。本论文对湖面试验区内修复水体的主要理化指标进行检测,包括化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮浓度,依次采用重铬酸钾法、碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法、钼酸铵分光光度法、纳氏试剂分光光度法对上述指标进行测定。分析测定结果显示总氮、总磷、氨氮含量呈下降趋势,说明水体污染物在逐步降解。

不同土地利用方式下银北盐碱地土壤的理化性质特征

以银北地区盐碱地为对象,研究了旱地、水田、灌木林和荒草地4种土地利用方式对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、pH以及全盐含量的影响。结果表明,银北地区不同土地利用方式土壤理化性质差异显著(P<0.05)。旱地和水田土壤容重高于灌木林和荒草地,土壤总孔隙度则低于灌木林和荒草地。4种土地利用方式土壤有机碳和全量养分含量在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层表现较为相似,有机碳和全氮含量表现为灌木林最高,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最低;旱地和水田土壤全磷含量显著高于灌木林和荒草地(P<0.05);全钾含量在旱地土壤中最高,水田最低。除旱地20~40 cm土层外,土壤pH和全盐含量均表现为荒草地显著高于其他3种土地利用方式(P<0.05)。加权灰色关联分析显示,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层均表现为灌木林土壤理化性质关联度最大,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最小,说明灌木林对改良银北盐碱地土壤理化性质的效果最优。

梗丝不同干燥加工方式质量对比分析

为深入研究不同梗丝加工工艺对梗丝质量的影响,在湖北中烟工业有限责任公司武汉烟厂进行流化床干燥、气流干燥、滚筒干燥3种方式的比较分析,对比不同干燥方式条件下梗丝处理效果,分析梗丝物理质量、外观品质、加工品质、过程控制等方面存在的差异。结果表明,从物理指标方面确定了滚筒和气流干燥在提升梗丝填充值的优势,从微观结构证明了滚筒干燥梗丝卷曲效应,从化学成分方面验证了不同加工方式的工艺强度差异。

主成分分析法在山东上部烟质量评价中的应用

本研究旨在运用主成分分析法对山东地区上部烟叶的质量进行综合评价,以便为该地区烤烟质量的准确评估提供科学依据。研究以山东10个主要植烟县2020年和2021年间105份B2F等级烟叶样品为材料,通过应用标准化法和主成分分析法对这些烟叶样品的物理特性和化学成分指标进行归类处理,并对各植烟县样品的上部烟叶质量进行分类。研究发现,单叶重与叶长和叶宽、叶片密度与叶片厚度、总糖与还原糖、烟碱与氮间极显著正相关,且主成分特征向量一致,可分别归为一类指标。根据物理特性评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为三类,根据化学成分评价结果,可将山东产区上部烟分为两类。综合考虑物理特性和化学成分评价结果,山东产区上部烟叶可分为四类。其中沂源、五莲、临朐为一类,兰陵、沂水、莒县、莱芜为一类,淄川、黄岛为一类,诸城则单独构成一类。

物理指标与深度学习融合的冲击地压风险等级预测

为探究煤矿智能化开采背景下,冲击地压的预警问题。以数据分析为基础,以河南某矿21181工作面为背景,提出物理指标与深度学习融合的冲击地压预警方法。该方法通过分析大能量事件发生之前,各项物理指标在最大值、趋势性以及相对变化率绝对值3方面特性,得到与之对应的综合物理特征,并分析震源的空间分布特性,根据其特性提出坐标注意力机制,对震源坐标进行加权,得到震源特征。对综合物理特征以及震源特征,加入通道注意力机制对特征进行加权,并使用全连接层进行分类,达到风险等级预测的目的,最终将模型运用于实际工程。研究结果表明:物理指标与深度学习融合的冲击地压预警方法可以达到较高的准确率。研究结果可为实际工程提供一定借鉴。

榆林市樟子松人工林土壤养分特征

为进一步探明陕西省榆林市樟子松人工林的土壤养分变化特征,以5年生樟子松(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.)纯林和5年生樟子松-胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)混交林为研究对象,分析土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾等理化指标以及土壤酶活性的变化特征。结果表明,樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量整体上均随着土层深度的增加呈下降趋势,全磷含量均随着土层深度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,硝态氮含量则均随着土壤深度的增加而增加,5个指标均表现为樟子松-胡枝子混交林高于樟子松纯林,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林各层土壤有效磷含量均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤含水率各土层间差异均不显著,樟子松-胡枝子混交林5~15 cm土层土壤含水率含量显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05);樟子松纯林和樟子松-胡枝子混交林土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性均随着土层深度的增加而降低,且樟子松-胡枝子混交林过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性在各土层均显著高于樟子松纯林(P<0.05)。

肉桂多糖的提取纯化及体外抗氧化和降血糖活性分析

对肉桂多糖进行提取纯化,探究其理化性质及抗氧化和降血糖活性。采用水提醇沉法,通过响应面试验考察提取温度、时间、液料比对肉桂多糖得率的影响,利用高效液相色谱法、热重分析等方法探究肉桂多糖的理化性质,并通过体外实验测试其抗氧化及降血糖活性。结果显示,最佳提取条件为温度90℃、时间2.5 h、液料比20:1(mL/g)、提取2次,此条件下平均得率为3.22%。纯化出的多糖相对分子质量为1.95×106 Da,总糖含量90.11%±1.24%,230℃以内稳定。红外光谱图显示其具有多糖的特征吸收峰,核磁氢谱显示肉桂多糖具有α、β构型等结果与红外一致,刚果红染色分析其不具有三股螺旋结构。活性测试显示肉桂多糖具有良好的抗氧化能力,三种自由基DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、·OH的IC_(50)值分别为0.191、2.835、3.221 mg/mL,多糖6 mg/mL的总还原力值为1.18。同时肉桂多糖还对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶具有抑制效果,IC_(50)值分别为0.189、0.340 mg/mL。本研究提取纯化得到一种高分子量肉桂多糖,且具有良好的抗氧化、降血糖活性,可为肉桂的功能性开发利用提供依据。