TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅱ)- TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERN AND VORTEX STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A BLADE CASCADE

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the topological structures and vortex structure in the transverse section of a blade cascade were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex, and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex.

Sectional anatomy of the caudate lobe of liver:based on coronal and sagittal sections

To provide practical and surgical anatomy for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of the disease of the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods： Based on Chinese Visible Human 1-5 data sets and assisted by 3D visualization and reconstruction, the 3D models of the upper abdomen or the liver were reconstructed and the cross-sectional images were converted to the coronal and sagittal images. The anatomy of the caudate lobe of the liver on the coronal and sagittal planes was investigated on serial planes of the upper abdomen. Results： The caudate lobe was bordered on the left by the fissura ligamenti venosi, posteriorly by the IVC, superiorly by the hepatic veins and inferiorly by the hepatic hilum. Its right and ventral borders might be obscure, with only relative borders existent. The right wall of the IVC was a good landmark to judge the relative realm of paracaval portion, and the relative ventral plane might exist between the hepatic hilum and entrance of hepatic veins. The caudate lobe could be divided into two principal regions： the left Spiegel lobe and the right paracaval portion. The caudate process, and the right rear process occurring in some individuals belonged to the right paracaval portion. The caudate lobe was blood supplied by the portal vein, which directly drained into the IVC. Conclusion： There are not definite borders for the right part of the caudate lobe, and most of the knowledge on it is based on the cast study, which may not suit for the clinical diagnosis and practice. The coronal and sagittal sections can better show the anatomic relationships between the caudate lobe, the other parts of the liver and the adjacent structures. The 3D digital visualization is an accurate and convenient study method for clinical anatomy.

Intracranial magnetic resonance venography in healthy individuals:normal anatomy and variations of the cerebral venous system

Objective:To evaluate the basic appearance and variation of the venous sinuses and veins in healthy individuals.Methods:Prospectively-recruited healthy volunteers completed a questionnaire and underwent magnetic resonance imaging plus contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography(CE-MRV)to measure their sinus diameters.Anatomical variations of cerebral venous sinuses were evaluated.Results:Fifty-eight individuals were included.The mean diameter of the left transverse sinus(LTS)(5.37±1.35 mm)was significantly smaller than that of the right transverse sinus(RTS)(6.65±1.57 mm)(P<0.001),and the average discrepancy was 19.2%.RTS dominance was noted in 55.1%of cases.Four superior sagittal sinus(SSS)anatomical variations were found.Type A was the most common and was present in 43 participants(74.1%).The SSS preferentially drained into the RTS in 32 patients(55.2%),and arachnoid granulation was observed in the transverse sinus(TS)and SSS in patients.According to our reclassification combined with Osborn’s previous research,we found that the SSS commonly drained into the RTS and that the straight sinus(StS)branched into both TSs.Conclusions:A 19%difference between the LTS and RTS provides a threshold for TS lateral dominance instead of a TS abnormality.Clinicians and radiologists should not ignore the influence of acquired pathology when the SSS drains in a non-RTS-dominant manner.Anatomical variations of the torcular herophili are frequent;the most commonly observed was the StS branching into both TSs,with the SSS draining into the RTS.

The adaptive significance of differences of root morphology, anatomy and physiology from three ecotypes of reed(Phragmites communis Trin.)

Reeds are widely distributed in drought and high salt conditions of northwestern China. Leaf epidermal micromorphology, anatomy, chloroplast ultrastructure and physio-chemical characteristics due to long-term adaptation in the natural habitats of common reed （Phragmites communis Trin.） contrasted considerably among three different ecotypes： dune reed （DR）, Gobi salt reed （GSR） and swamp reed （SR）. The main objective of the present study is to determine the adapting characteristics of morphology, anatomy and physiological responses of thin roots in DR, GSR and SR. The results show that root length density was higher in SR and few root hairs were observed in DR. Cross-section anatomical features show that each ecotype has an endodermis and exodermis, while cortex thickness and proportion of root cortical aerenchyma and stele in root structure varied among the three ecotypes. The stele and xylem share a larger area in DR compared to GSR and SR. GSR has a large proportion of the cortex with radialized distribution of aerenchyma cells spacing, and the cortex has a peripheral, mechanically stiff ring in the exodermis. SEM and TEM microscope images show that GSR has a scle- renchyma ring with high lignification in the exodermis. The physio-chemical parameters show that GSR had a higher level of stress tolerance than DR. These findings indicate that developed water-absorbing tissues were largely distributed in the root structure of DR, and a main framework with supporting function spacing with aerenchyma was dominant in GSR in the long term adaptation to their natural habitats, respectively.

Microsurgical anatomy of the modified transjngnlar approach

Objective To investigate both intracranial and extracranial components surgical aproach to resect the jugular foramen (JF) lesions in single-stage. Methods With the aid of the magnification (× 3-40), the microsurgical anatomy and extended exposure of the transjugluar approach were studied in 10 cadaveric head-neck specimens of adults. Results The exposure of the transjugular approach was directed through the jugular process of occipital bone to posterior surface of jugular bulk (JB). After removal of the mastoid process and the petrous bone under the labyrinth, the vertical segment of facial nerve was skeletoned. The exposure was extended lateral to JF. The transverse process of C1 was removed and the segment of the VA between the transverse foramen of C2 and its entrance of the dura was seperated, the cervical exposure was extended. The tympanornastoid notch and the posterior belly of digastric were closely related to facial nerve. Conclusion The modified transjugular approach can provide sufficient

Foot transverse arch instability following sequential ligament sectioning and screw reconstruction

Objectives: To investigate foot transverse arch biomechanical stability contributed by the second metatarsal and the three ligaments connecting medial cuneiform to the second metatarsal base.Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected to expose the

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress due to bending and axial stress arising from constrained warping displacements at the fixing. The net shear stress distribution overlays the distributions from axial torsion and that from flexural shear under transverse loading. Both arise when transverse forces are displaced from the shear centre.

儿童颈项部腧穴三维数字可视化系统研发与应用

背景:目前已有成人腧穴三维数字化、可视化系统的相关研究,但基于真实儿童数字化断层解剖数据集对儿童腧穴可视化相关的研究报道并不多见。目的:设计研发儿童颈项部腧穴数字三维可视化系统,为针灸学、经络腧穴学教学、针灸临床、针刺施术手法练习及针刺安全性研究提供依据,并为研发儿童腧穴仿真系统提供基础。方法:基于真实学龄前男童断层解剖数据集,运用PhotoShop 2021与Digihuman Reconstruction System软件完成儿童颈项部三维数字化虚拟解剖模型及内部多器官三维重建;通过Unity数据库语言编制风府、风池等11个腧穴的数据库;在Unity3D软件中整合儿童颈项部解剖立体模型、腧穴数据库及编写针刺操作代码,成功创建集仿真腧穴定位、三维腧穴解剖、针刺训练、临床教学及针刺安全性研究等多功能于一体的儿童颈项部腧穴三维数字可视化系统。结果与结论:①该研究基于真实儿童标本,采用手动逐层分割断面图像法以最大程度确保3D模型精度。使用3D软件Digihuman Reconstruction System提取和保存独立分割数据,与PhotoShop 2021软件共同完成儿童颈项部外层皮肤与其内部骨性结构、颈部脊髓、血管和神经、肌肉及韧带等数十个三维重建解剖结构模型。于MeshLab软件中完成各独立结构基本形态和整体轮廓完整性核验工作,并利用3-maticresearch13.0软件进行最终精细化调校及解剖位置确认,成功模拟还原学龄前儿童颈项部真实解剖形态。②依据并参考中华人民共和国国家标准收集整理儿童颈项部常用腧穴的名称、所属经脉、定位、局部解剖、进针层次、针刺方法、针刺意外与预防、腧穴主治、二维解剖断层图像等8个方面内容形成腧穴数据库。③运用Unity3D软件将儿童颈项部三维模型、针刺模拟操作和腧穴数据库三者整合,成功构建三维数字儿童颈项部腧穴可视化系统。该系统可显示儿童颈项部腧穴的信息、二维三维解剖结构,并实现了儿童颈项部腧穴的二维、三维针刺模拟功能及针刺安全性研究功能。基于真实儿童标本超薄断层解剖数据集,构建了首个儿童颈项部腧穴三维数字化、可视化系统,较既往腧穴系统更贴合亚洲儿童的解剖形态学发育特点,在针刺安全性研究、临床教学及针刺模拟训练等领域具有极高的应用价值。

Anatomical study of infratemporal fossa in coronal sections

Objective The study aims to provide three-dimensional anatomical data to physicians through studying the regional anatomy of infratemporal fossa. Methods Coronal sections of one cadaveric head were prepared with freezing milling technique. After labeling,extraction and reconstruction of the serial thin sections of the specimen,

Biomechanical effects of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with vertical placement of pedicle screws compared to traditional placement

BACKGROUND The pedicle screw technique is widely employed for vertebral body fixation in the treatment of spinal disorders.However,traditional screw placement methods require the dissection of paraspinal muscles and the insertion of pedicle screws at specific transverse section angles(TSA).Larger TSA angles require more force to pull the muscle tissue,which can increase the risk of surgical trauma and ischemic injury to the lumbar muscles.AIM To study the feasibility of zero-degree TSA vertical pedicle screw technique in the lumbosacral segment.METHODS Finite element models of vertebral bodies and pedicle screw-rod systems were established for the L4-S1 spinal segments.A standard axial load of 500 N and a rotational torque of 10 N/m were applied.Simulated screw pull-out experiment was conducted to observe pedicle screw resistance to pull-out,maximum stress,load-displacement ratio,maximum stress in vertebral bodies,load-displacement ratio in vertebral bodies,and the stress distribution in pedicle screws and vertebral bodies.Differences between the 0-degree and 17-degree TSA were compared.RESULTS At 0-degree TSA,the screw pull-out force decreased by 11.35%compared to that at 17-degree TSA(P<0.05).At 0-degree and 17-degree TSA,the stress range in the screw-rod system was 335.1-657.5 MPa and 242.8-648.5 MPa,separately,which were below the fracture threshold for the screw-rod system(924 MPa).At 0-degree and 17-degree TSA,the stress range in the vertebral bodies was 68.45-78.91 MPa and 39.08-72.73 MPa,separately,which were below the typical bone yield stress range for vertebral bodies(110-125 MPa).At 0-degree TSA,the load-displacement ratio for the vertebral bodies and pedicle screws was slightly lower compared to that at 17-degree TSA,indicating slightly lower stability(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The safety and stability of 0-degree TSA are slightly lower,but the risks of screw-rod system fracture,vertebral body fracture,and rupture are within acceptable limits.

三维数字儿童蒙医针刺穴位可视化系统的研发

背景:目前中医成人针刺穴位数字化、可视化系统相关报道日益增多,且中医儿童针刺穴位数字化、可视化系统及蒙医训练针刺手法仿真系统已有报道,但蒙医面向儿童群体此类系统尚未见报道。目的:研发蒙医儿童针刺穴位仿真系统,希望供临床教学、施术手法练习及针刺安全性研究使用。方法:在学龄前男童断层解剖数据集基础上运用PhotoShop 2021与Digihuman Reconstruction System软件完成儿童三维数字化虚拟解剖模型及内部多器官组织的构建;通过Unity数据库语言编制蒙医顶会穴等27个穴位的相关注释信息库;在儿童3D打印头颈部树脂模型上选用蒙医金针、银针录制针刺穴位教学视频;在Unity3D软件中整合儿童解剖模型、穴位注释信息库及针刺操作视频并编写代码,成功创建集仿真针刺训练、临床教学及针刺安全性研究等多功能于一体的三维数字儿童蒙医针刺穴位可视化系统。结果与结论:①该研究基于真实儿童标本,为减少二维分割错误,采用手动逐层分割断面图像法,最大程度确保3D模型精度的前提下,使用3D软件Digihuman Reconstruction System提取和保存独立分割数据,与PhotoShop.2021软件共同完成儿童头颈部外层皮肤与其内部骨性结构、颈脊髓、血管和神经、肌肉及韧带等数十个解剖结构的三维重建后,于MeshLab软件中完成各独立结构基本形态和整体轮廓完整性核验工作,并利用3-matic research 13.0软件进行最终精细化调校及解剖位置确认,成功模拟还原学龄前儿童头颈部真实解剖形态。②该研究运用Unity3D软件将儿童三维模型、针刺操作视频和穴位注释库三者整合,成功构建三维数字儿童蒙医针刺穴位可视化系统。③该研究以中国学龄前男童真实连续断层超薄数据集为基础,实现了中国首个蒙医儿童头颈部针刺穴位三维数字化、可视化系统的研发,较既往针刺软著更贴合亚洲儿童解剖形态学发育特点,在蒙医针刺安全性研究、临床教学及针刺模拟训练等领域具有极高应用价值。

改进UNet++的杉木CT图像年轮分割

为解决裂纹、虫孔和节子等缺陷影响下的年轮准确分割问题。以医疗CT为实验设备,重构125张杉木横切面CT图像为研究对象,经裁切、旋转、翻转等预处理实现数据扩充,提出改进UNet++模型用于年轮分割。改进UNet++模型采用增加卷积块、下采样层、跳跃连接和上采样层的方式,将学习深度增加至6层,以BCEWithLogitsLoss和ReLU分别作为损失函数和激活函数,RMSProp作为优化函数,对杉木横切面CT图像进行年轮分割,并对年轮分割性能进行评价。结果显示:改进UNet++模型对于杉木横切面CT图像的年轮分割的像素准确率为97.81%,骰子系数为98.89%,交并比为95.29%,平均交并比为84.75%,充分提取杉木年轮特征,分割效果最好。与U-Net模型和UNet++模型相比,改进UNet++模型在多数年轮被裂纹和虫孔切割,无法形成完整圆形闭合曲线的条件下,使分割的年轮具有很好的完整性和连续性,消除分割过程中的断裂和噪声现象;年轮分割结果不受裂纹、节子、虫孔等缺陷影响,结构非常清晰,有效解决多种缺陷干扰下的虫孔误分割和密集年轮欠分割等问题。

神农架大九湖10种优势草本植物的叶解剖结构观察

【目的】研究10种草本植物的叶解剖结构。【方法】采用常规石蜡切片技术对鹅观草(Elymus kamoji)等6种禾本科植物和阿齐薹草(Carex argyi)等4种莎草科植物的叶横切结构进行观察和比较。【结果】10种植物叶片均为等面叶,无叶肉组织的分化,植物叶肉细胞层数和排列紧密程度有所差异。10种植物叶表皮均由1层细胞组成,其中华刺子莞(Rhynchospora chinensis)上表皮细胞横切面厚度最大,且上下表皮细胞大小差异悬殊,翦股颖(Agrostis clavata)表皮细胞横切面积较小。不同植物叶表皮外无或有厚度不同的角质层,部分植物具有表皮毛,在翦股颖和画眉草(Eragrostis pilosa)表皮外还存在突起物,能良好适应旱生环境。鹅观草和阿齐薹草具有较发达的叶脉,翦股颖叶片维管束外有两层维管束鞘,形成明显的花环结构。除华刺子莞及华东藨草(Scirpus karuisawensis)外,其他8种植物叶片上表皮处存在泡状细胞,泡状细胞组的细胞个数、形态及其在叶表皮的具体分布位置存在差异。华东藨草和阿齐薹草叶片中气腔大且明显,保证了在水分充足环境中的气体运输。【结论】10种植物叶片具有不同的旱生、中生或湿生结构特征,不仅在分类学中有一定意义,也能够体现植物对环境的适应。

基于膜解剖之四纵两横六层面法的腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床应用价值(“大家泌尿网”观看手术视频)

目的探讨基于膜解剖的四纵两横六层面法的腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术在膀胱癌治疗中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析暨南大学第一附属医院和第六附属医院泌尿外科2015年1月—2022年6月因膀胱癌行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的51例患者的临床资料,按照“四纵两横六层面法”的手术思路,采用膜解剖技术完成膀胱根治性切除。其中术前性功能正常的男性患者行预先盆神经丛显露的保留性神经的膀胱癌根治术。结果本组患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。手术时间(502.52±108.99)min,术中失血量(275.96±155.18)mL,术后进食时间(4.14±2.41)d,术后住院时间(16.37±4.85)d,淋巴结清扫数量(17.98±11.48)枚,平均随访(30.27±19.39)个月。在末次随访中,患者均未出现Clavien≥3级的并发症,总体生存率(OS)、肿瘤特异性生存率(TSS)和无复发生存率(RFS)的比率分别为82.4%、92.2%和88.2%。淋巴结阳性和阴性患者的OS分别为60.0%和84.8%、RFS为60.0%和91.3%。行预先显露盆神经丛的保留性神经的膀胱癌根治术患者中18例采用原位新膀胱术,其日间及夜间尿控率分别为83.3%和72.2%,17例在术后6个月内恢复了性功能。结论基于筋膜解剖的四纵两横六层面法腹腔镜膀胱根治性切除术切实可行,手术步骤程序化、肿瘤控制效果好、出血少、术后并发症少、术后恢复快。

数字人解剖学系统在人体断层影像解剖实验教学中的应用初探

数字化教学是信息化教学模式之一。数字人解剖学系统在人体断层影像解剖实验教学中,通过清晰完整的虚拟化人体图像,为学生提供更为直观的不同层次的切割平面及切割基线的详细信息,改变了传统学习模式,降低了断层解剖头部章节学习难度。

超声引导下的腰方肌阻滞与腹横筋膜阻滞对剖宫产产妇的安全性和有效性

目的研究超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(QLB)或腹横筋膜阻滞(TAPB)在剖宫产术中的安全性及有效性。方法剖宫产术的产妇82例,随机均分为对照组和观察组,两组均实施持续硬膜外麻醉,在超声引导下对照组使用TAPB、观察组使用QLB,两组术后使用罗哌卡因及自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),对比两组产妇首次按压镇痛泵时间,24 h内按压有效次数、镇痛补救率、术后恢复指标;观察两组产妇术后4、8、12、24、48 h视觉模拟评分表(VAS)和伯格曼舒适度量表(BCS)评分,对比两组产妇术后0~12 h、>12~24 h、>24~36 h及>36~48 h舒芬太尼剂量,并记录患者住院期间恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制等不良反应。结果观察组术后首次按压镇痛泵时间晚于对照组,镇痛补救率、24 h内按压次数低于对照组(P<0.05);产妇首次站立、下床活动及术后初乳时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后8、12、24、48 h VAS评分低于对照组、但各时间点BCS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);0~12 h、>12~24 h及>24~36 h舒芬太尼用量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应总发生率(7.14%)低于对照组(22.50%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论QLB较TAPB能够为剖宫术产妇提供多模式镇痛效果,降低舒芬太尼消耗量,减少不良反应发生。

肘关节尺侧副韧带横束的解剖学研究

目的观察肘关节尺侧副韧带(UCL)的形态特征,对横束(TB)划分解剖学类型,为肘关节韧带的外科诊治,提供基础资料。方法71例结构完整的人上肢标本,解剖并观察TB的形态特征及变异,依据其与前束(AB)的关系划分类型;分别测量AB与TB的长度、起点宽度、止点宽度等。结果(1)根据TB与AB纤维的融合方式分为:(1)Ⅰ型:TB的末端与AB远侧半融合,二者纤维呈“L”型45例;(2)Ⅱ型:TB的末端与AB的纤维呈弧形融合26例。(2)与男性相比,Ⅱ型更多地出现在女性,两性在类型构成上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性与女性AB的长度分别是(31.27±6.22)mm、(26.61±3.40)mm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于TB的分型是对UCL解剖结构的重要补充;TB与AB的融合以Ⅰ型为主,TB协助AB、PB共同维持肘关节稳定。

3岁女童盆部虚拟解剖模型的建立

目的研究女童连续超薄断层解剖及虚拟女童盆部数字化三维模型,以辅助解剖学研究和模拟手术。方法选取学龄前女童可视人数据集自髂前上棘到会阴下区域的横切面图像,用Adobe Photoshop软件从图像中交互式分割感兴趣区域。对图像行格式转换和分割处理。用三维重建软件DigihumanReconstructionSystem提取重建该区域的数字三维模型。结果获取了女童盆部断层高清解剖图像,并对重要结构进行标注;成功建立了虚拟女童盆部的数字化三维模型。该三维模型精确地显示了各结构间的解剖位置关系,为盆部手术模拟系统提供了可靠的三维模型。结论虚拟女童盆部数字化三维重建可视化能立体真实地显示该区域及其邻近结构,为该区域的解剖、影像诊断和虚拟手术提供发育形态学依据。

服役钢轨轨底缺陷的超声无损检测方案及装置设计

我国铁路向高速和重载方向发展对服役钢轨的质量提出了越来越高的要求,服役钢轨缺陷危及行车安全,因此及时有效检测服役钢轨中的缺陷具有重要意义。当前主要采用超声方法对服役钢轨轨头、轨腰及轨底中部的缺陷进行检测,尚未有适用于轨底两侧缺陷的超声自动化检测方法,轨底两侧缺陷因无法被有效检出而持续扩展,成为钢轨断轨的主要原因之一。针对当前轨底缺陷检测的不足,提出适用于服役钢轨轨底缺陷的超声无损检测方法,并研制设计相应的检测装置。以检测轨底两侧的横向裂纹为主,通过对超声探头主声束覆盖范围的分析,制定轨底缺陷全面检测的方案;考虑轨底扣件等影响,设计专用的装夹装置,确保探头处于可检测位置,提出淋水耦合方法解决轨底耦合的难题。选取60 kg/m钢轨,在轨底不同位置设计并人工加工为横向裂纹,通过改进的钢轨探伤车进行检测试验,结果表明,研究方法可以实现不同位置缺陷的有效检测。研究成果为后续服役钢轨轨底缺陷乃至全断面缺陷的自动检测提供了有效的解决方案。

不同截面形式钢-混组合梁桥面板横向受力性能分析

为研究不同截面形式对钢-混组合梁桥面板横向弯曲效应的影响,以山东九龙东枢纽天桥为背景进行研究。采用有限元软件建立4种截面主梁(波形钢腹板工字梁、波形钢腹板箱梁、平钢板工字梁及混凝土箱梁)精细化模型,对比分析轮载作用数量、轮载横向作用位置对桥面板有效分布宽度的影响,同时对自重、轮载作用以及二者共同作用下的桥面板横向弯矩进行分析,并与《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG 3362—2018,简称《桥规》)计算值进行对比。结果表明:双轮载作用下的桥面板有效分布宽度明显大于单轮载作用下的桥面板有效分布宽度,横向设计时应考虑轮载作用数量对桥面板安全设计的影响;钢-混组合梁桥面板有效分布宽度计算时,当轮载作用在横向跨中、支承附近处,采用《桥规》计算,当轮载作用在支承、悬臂板处,建议桥面板有效分布宽度修正系数分别取0.60、1.50;建议波形钢腹板工字梁、波形钢腹板箱梁、平钢板工字梁桥面板弯矩修正系数在轮载作用下分别取0.60、0.60、0.65,在自重、轮载共同作用下分别取0.55、0.55、0.60。