Temperature effect on the structural strains of an ancient Tibetan building based on long-term monitoring data

Many studies have indicated that structural strain will be significantly influenced by temperature variations,and a good understanding of the effect of temperature on structural strain is essential.A structural health monitoring system has been installed in a typical Tibetan timber building to measure the structural strains and ambient temperature since 2012.This paper presents the correlation between temperature and strain data from the monitored structure.A method combining singular spectrum analysis and polynomial regression is proposed for modeling the temperature induced strains in the structure.Singular spectrum analysis is applied to smooth the temperature data,and the correlation between the resulting temperature time series and the measured strains is obtained by polynomial regression.Parameters of the singular spectrum analysis and the regression model are selected to have the least regression error.Results show that the proposed method has both good reproduction and prediction capabilities for temperature induced strains,and that the method is accurate and effective for eliminating the effect of temperature from the measured strain.A standardized Novelty Index based on the residual strain is also used for the condition assessment of the structure.

Experimental study of human-induced effects on floor slab of an ancient Tibetan structure

With the opening of ancient Tibetan structures to visitors worldwide, human load has become the principal live load on these structures. This project studies the properties of the floor structure of an ancient Tibetan building and its behavior under human-induced load effects. Tests were conducted with static and dynamic crowd load, including stepping and jogging by people at a fixed position. The tests show that the floor structure does not behave as a continuous slab. It takes the load from local areas with minimal load transference properties. The acceleration response shows significant peaks when the footstep frequency is close to the natural frequency of the s~＇ucture, but the human jogging excitation frequency does not have any obvious effect on the structural response. The elastic modulus of the Agatu material is estimated to be close to zero from the measured natural frequency of the slab. The Agatu material is concluded to be a discrete compacted material with insignificant contribution to the structural rigidity of the floor slab.

ANCIENT TIBETAN SEALS

In Tibetan,the name for a seal is Thangka.According to records,the word originates from Turkish,initially borrowing from Mongolian and finally absorbed into Tibetan.Various names were given to seals in Tibetan.Official seals are generally named Thangka,or Kathang in honorific dialect;personal seals referred to as Gyithang;general seals are called Dathang or Sethang.

Ancient Mosques IN the Home of Tibetan Buddhism

Although Tibetan Buddhism (also known as Lamaism) is both well known and widespread throughout Tibetan inhabited areas,it coexists there along with vernacular Bon religion and folk religion.What may be forgotten is that both Islam and Catholicism are popular in some specific locations in Tibet.

设以广安喻治理,儒宗释教宦殊科——清代承德外八庙之广安寺复原研究

承德外八庙广安寺建于清乾隆盛期,建筑园林随山就势,包括各具特色的十字塔台山门、白台、定慧楼、戒台等建筑。本文收集广安寺陈设档、清宫热河档案、绘画、历史老照片作为史料依据,同时横向对比普陀宗乘之庙、须弥福寿之庙等现存藏式喇嘛庙建筑形式,对广安寺的平面布局、单体建筑、功能布置、文化内涵进行了研究。通过CAD制图、3D数字建模、实体模型等方式展现全部建筑群,最大程度还原乾隆初建时期的建筑园林原貌,以期丰富清朝寺庙建筑研究,也对承德其他寺庙的研究提供参考依据。

敦煌藏文写卷《开示轮回》解读

敦煌藏文文献P.T.24.4、P.T.24V.1、P.T.32BV.2、P.T.459、P.T.580V、P.T.757V、P.T.977.4、IOL Tib J 335.I等八个抄卷实为同一部文献。这些编号在相关目录著作和影印本中的命名多有出入,个别亦未命名。本文根据文献题名统一将其定名为《开示轮回》,并以P.T.24.4+P.T.24V.1为底本进行录文、翻译、解读,并指出此文为受藏译《法句经》、《入菩萨行论》等佛经文献及汉文佛经变文影响而创作的一部唐代吐蕃时期的佛经变文.

古籍里的身体史:浅谈藏医体质学的发展及特点

藏医体质学在藏医药学文献中占有重要的比重。主要以历史为主线,分别以吐蕃时期的古籍文献《胸腔伤术论》《碧吉黄皮卷》《月王药诊》和佛教后弘时期的《二十支医学论典》,以及12世纪成书的《四部医典》等文献中所记载的不同体质学文献内容为研究对象,运用归纳法和对比法来探讨藏医体质学发展历程和不同体质分类方法,阐述了藏医学不同发展时期对体质的认知与文化结构差异等,即藏医体质学的分类法由三分法、四分法、五分法以及七分法的不同历程和独特的理论依据。

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long-Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River, China

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur.Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards.Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations,geological field surveys,geophysical prospecting and geological dating results,this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County,Sichuan Province,and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism.This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP.The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km,with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area.The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout.During the sliding process,the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley.The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area.Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick.After the dam broke,the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide.The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift,topography,geomorphology and paleoclimatic change.The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured,thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence.Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault,which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide,may have been the main factor inducing landsliding.Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.

敦煌古藏文占卜文书P.T.1047号再译及其相关问题探讨

P.T.1047号写卷是国内外所藏敦煌古藏文文献中,篇幅最长、内容极其丰富且苦涩难懂又涉及吐蕃早期历史事件和历史人物的占卜类文书。文章认为该卜法属于中古苯教卜法,其产生年代很早,是藏族先民创造的非常古老的卜法之一,也是吐蕃王室或上层集团独享的一种占卜术。在其占卜的方式上,学界有木板上掷骰子法、羊胛骨卜法、象雄绳占法等三种不同的观点。但是通过文本研读发现,上述观点均经不起科学的检验,多为猜测或推断。另外,文章在前人研究的基础上,补偏救弊,翻译P.T.1047号全文的同时,做了必要的注解。

莫高窟第205窟中唐补修新探——以莫高窟第205窟西壁新识读的古藏文祈愿文为中心

借助多光谱紫外成像技术提供的以往肉眼未能发现或辨识的新资料,首次识读和探明莫高窟第205窟西壁的古藏文题记是九世纪前半叶的一篇祈愿文,进而结合敦煌莫高窟藏经洞出土的汉文、古藏文文献,考证祈愿文的发愿人为粟特人康进达和来自擦尔龙部落的萨吴,考证祈愿文对应的佛事功德活动就是吐蕃统治时期在第205窟中心佛坛补塑二身天王塑像,使我们对第205窟在中唐时期的补修获得了新的认识。

数字人文视角下藏医学古籍知识发现研究——以《四部医典》为例

[目的/意义]基于数字人文视角,以藏医学古籍《四部医典》为例,探索藏医学病症关系、病因关系、用药规律以及新处方挖掘路径,有利于藏医学古籍资源的开发与利用,从具体实践中帮助解读和传播少数民族医学资源。[方法/过程]本研究使用Python、Gephi等工具软件,按照文档识别与校对、文本分词与提取、数据分析处理、数据可视化、结果阐释的研究过程,对藏医学进行病症关系分析、病因关系分析、用药规律挖掘以及新处方预测分析。[结果/结论]相关的分析过程和结果有助于完成藏中医古籍知识发现路径,确定藏医学古籍内容挖掘的可行方法,为中医学古籍内容挖掘与知识发现提供新思路。

基于应变监测数据预测值的藏式古建筑木结构健康状态评估

为增加藏式古建筑木结构的安全冗余度,该文提出了短期应变监测数据预测方法,以此对藏式古建筑木结构健康状态进行预判性评估。以回廊结构为对象,利用Sobel算子与卷积神经网络方法处理传感器带来的多种数据异常。通过多项式回归和功率谱密度的方法确定应变监测数据组分。引入变分模态分解法对数据进行解耦,以Prophet算法预测短期温度监测应变,以Gumbel极值理论预测不同重现期下的人群监测应变。以不同重现期下的应变监测数据预测值的叠加结果确定需重点关注的结构位置和需立即修缮的结构位置,以满足藏式古建木构的预防性保护要求和最小扰动原则。

基于人文计算的藏医古籍服务平台知识服务功能设计研究

[目的/意义]面向藏医学专业研究人员和医疗工作者的科研需求,探索实现藏医古籍知识组织与服务的实现路径,设计藏医古籍服务平台的知识服务功能。[方法/过程]在设计藏医古籍知识本体模型与知识图谱的基础上,探索知识检索、知识推理、知识推送3种服务功能在藏医古籍知识服务中的应用。[结果/结论]研究显示,将人文计算等智能算法应用于藏医古籍知识的处理,能够为用户提供更加精准和高效的知识服务,以充分发掘与利用藏医古籍的活力与价值。

基于敦煌古藏文语料库的字词属性统计研究

[目的/意义]古藏文字符统计研究能够对机器翻译,以及从海量文本中快速定位核心内容,对情报收集工作有着重要意义。目前,藏文字符统计研究主要依据现代藏文语料库,忽视了古藏文语料库的字符统计研究。[方法/过程]本文以敦煌藏文文献为主,构建了古藏文文献标注语料库。在此基础上,应用python语言设计出古藏文频率统计软件,对古藏文和现代藏文的元音、辅音、藏文音节频次等方面进行对比分析。[结果/结论]归纳出古藏文字符的分布特征,以期为古藏文标注语料库构建和藏文文字特征研究提供参考。

茶马古道上民族交往交流交融的实践及其逻辑——以滇藏茶马古道怒江段的丙中洛为个案

各民族在交往交流交融的过程中形成了中华民族共同体。滇藏茶马古道是各民族交往交流交融的主要场域。文章对滇藏茶马古道上丙中洛地区多民族通过经济交往、文化交流和社会交融来建设共同体的实践进行了描述,发现其实践的逻辑是以经济交往为动力,以文化交流为引力,以社会交融为推力,共同作用形成了“多元一体”的中华民族共同体。丙中洛民族交往交流交融的实践,为“中华民族共同体”的形成与发展提供了区域个案和理论思考。

基于注意力机制藏文乌金体古籍文字识别研究

藏文乌金体古籍文字识别是古籍文字识别领域的一个难题。针对藏文乌金体古籍中存在的文字粘连和背景复杂问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的藏文乌金体古籍文字识别方法。该方法主要包含两部分,编码器部分采用卷积神经网络(CNN)与双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)获得图像文本的特征序列和序列标注,解码器部分使用注意力机制计算注意力权重并与循环神经网络(RNN)相结合得出识别结果。采用实验室的616张藏文乌金体古籍作为实验数据集以及藏文字丁准确率作为实验评测指标。采用两种文字识别模型作为基线模型,从模型大小和识别率进行对比,文中识别模型在模型大小和识别效果上都优于其他两个模型,文中模型大小41.2 MB,相比基线模型中最小的优化了36 MB,字丁识别准确率90.55%,相比基线模型中最好的结果提高了7.94百分点。表明所提出的基于注意力机制的藏文乌金体古籍识别模型,显著提高了藏文乌金体古籍中的粘连文字和背景复杂图像的识别效果。

基于语料库的古藏文文献字符统计研究

古藏文字符统计研究能够对机器翻译以及从海量文本中快速定位核心内容、情报收集工作等有着重要意义.目前,藏文字符统计研究主要依据现代藏文语料库.文章以敦煌藏文文献为主,构建了古藏文文献标注语料库.在此基础上,应用python语言设计出古藏文频率统计软件,对古藏文和现代藏文的元音、辅音、藏文数字频次等进行对比分析,归纳出古藏文字符的分布特征,以期为古藏文标注语料库的构建和研究提供参考.

古藏文文献中的Khrom(■)字新解

关于古藏文khrom字的内涵,学界已有丰富的研究成果,但介于有新材料的发现,该词汇有进一步探讨的必要。文章借助《吐蕃兵律》对该词汇做了详细解读,认为该词最原始的含义为“军营”“行军营”。随着吐蕃社会发展,军事活动日益展开,该词的外延不断扩大,尤其在统治敦煌及其后一段时期内,随着与当地人及其他民族间密切的交往交流,使得khrom在这段历史时期内最终演变为“在军事占领区具有行政权和军事权的一级军政合一的统治机构”。

藏文古籍手写文档文本区域检测方法研究

藏文古籍文本数字化是保护和传承藏文古籍的重要途径,由于藏文古籍具有版面复杂性、多样性和字体大小不一致等特点,传统的经典检测网络难以有效定位小目标文本区域,导致检测效果不理想。文章选择适用于小目标的检测算法YOLOv8基线模型,采用改进后的轻量级骨干网络Faster-Net作为特征提取网络,引入CA注意力机制以更好地利用上下文特征信息,将浅层信息和深层信息有效地结合在一起。实验结果表明,该方法可实现对藏文古籍多字体手写体版面不同字体大小的文本区域定位,其在测试集上的平均精度、准确率和召回率都达到99%以上,适用于藏文古籍版面中字体大小不一致的文本区域目标检测。