Chenqimogou site, located at the south bank of Tao River, is comprised of a large group of graves dated to ~4000 a BP. For its large scale, unique mortuary system, and abundant of typical artifacts, the site was named...Chenqimogou site, located at the south bank of Tao River, is comprised of a large group of graves dated to ~4000 a BP. For its large scale, unique mortuary system, and abundant of typical artifacts, the site was named one of 'Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2008 in China'. Many intact human skeletons have been excavated from the graves. Three teeth from two adult skeletons excavated from graves M187 and M194 were examined. Forty-eight starch grains were retrieved from dental calculus of three teeth. Six of those starch grains could not be identified because of damage. The others were classified into seven groups. Most of them were from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and/or barley (Hordeum vulgare). Remains possibly from foxtail millet (Setaria italica), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), gingkgo (Ginkgo biloba), acorn (Quercus spp.), bean, roots or tubers were identified. Ancient starch grains from dental calculus indicate that human foodstuffs primarily sourced from wheat, buckwheat, and foxtail millet. Acorn, beans, tubers or roots were supplements. A variety of starch grains retrieved from dental calculus revealed that diverse crops were cultivated in the Chenqimogou site 4000 years ago, and both dry-land farming and gathering were engaged.展开更多
为更好地保护和开发利用古茶树资源,2010-2017年对云南省12个地区58个县/市的古茶树资源进行了全面普查,依据《Flora of China》英文修订版分类确立了古茶树资源物种名录,建立初步的古茶树资源数据信息库。以此为基础,利用地理信息系统...为更好地保护和开发利用古茶树资源,2010-2017年对云南省12个地区58个县/市的古茶树资源进行了全面普查,依据《Flora of China》英文修订版分类确立了古茶树资源物种名录,建立初步的古茶树资源数据信息库。以此为基础,利用地理信息系统和统计学分析了云南古茶树资源种类组成、地理分布特征、生境类型及形态多样性。结果表明:云南古茶树种类多,调查共获得古茶树资源分布点474个,记录样本植株2570份,隶属7种6变种;古茶树资源分布广而不均,主要分布于滇西、滇南、滇东南及滇中哀牢山山脉,滇东南是古茶树物种多样性的分布中心,滇西是特有种的分化中心,云南古茶树资源的地理分布可能存在滇西-大理茶(Camellia taliensis(W.W.Sm.)Melch.)、滇南-普洱茶(C.sinensis var.assamica(J.W.Mast.)Kitam.)和滇东南-厚轴茶(C.crassicolumna H.T.Chang)3个现有分布中心;古茶树资源生境复杂多样,可大致分为原生林、次生林和高山旱地等3类,不同生境分布的古茶树种类及其生长状况有差异;古茶树资源具有丰富的形态多样性,其描述型性状多样性指数为0.58~1.48,数值型性状变异系数为4.37%~51.03%,总体上营养器官的变异性高于花部器官。本工作为进一步探讨云南地区古茶树资源的系统演化、多样性保护及合理利用提供了重要的本底资料。此外,根据古茶树资源现状,初步提出了一些保护利用建议。展开更多
贵州久安分布着大量的古茶树资源。为了明晰这些茶树资源间的遗传关系,本研究以分布于久安5个不同区域的100份古茶树为材料,首先利用GBS(genotyping by sequencing)技术对它们的全基因组SNP进行了鉴定,然后基于鉴定到的SNP进行了系统进...贵州久安分布着大量的古茶树资源。为了明晰这些茶树资源间的遗传关系,本研究以分布于久安5个不同区域的100份古茶树为材料,首先利用GBS(genotyping by sequencing)技术对它们的全基因组SNP进行了鉴定,然后基于鉴定到的SNP进行了系统进化树构建、主成分分析以及遗传结构分析。100份古茶树材料共获得548597个高质量SNP,并对这些SNP进行了变异类型注释。系统进化树、主成分分析以及遗传结构分析的结果高度一致,结果表明同一区域内的材料间亲缘关系较近;100份资源可以分为3个类群;古茶园(G)的材料与其他4个区域的材料遗传背景差异较大,这4个区域的资源可能有相同的亲本来源。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40771205)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 40625002)Knowledge Innovation Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-315)
文摘Chenqimogou site, located at the south bank of Tao River, is comprised of a large group of graves dated to ~4000 a BP. For its large scale, unique mortuary system, and abundant of typical artifacts, the site was named one of 'Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2008 in China'. Many intact human skeletons have been excavated from the graves. Three teeth from two adult skeletons excavated from graves M187 and M194 were examined. Forty-eight starch grains were retrieved from dental calculus of three teeth. Six of those starch grains could not be identified because of damage. The others were classified into seven groups. Most of them were from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and/or barley (Hordeum vulgare). Remains possibly from foxtail millet (Setaria italica), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), gingkgo (Ginkgo biloba), acorn (Quercus spp.), bean, roots or tubers were identified. Ancient starch grains from dental calculus indicate that human foodstuffs primarily sourced from wheat, buckwheat, and foxtail millet. Acorn, beans, tubers or roots were supplements. A variety of starch grains retrieved from dental calculus revealed that diverse crops were cultivated in the Chenqimogou site 4000 years ago, and both dry-land farming and gathering were engaged.
文摘贵州久安分布着大量的古茶树资源。为了明晰这些茶树资源间的遗传关系,本研究以分布于久安5个不同区域的100份古茶树为材料,首先利用GBS(genotyping by sequencing)技术对它们的全基因组SNP进行了鉴定,然后基于鉴定到的SNP进行了系统进化树构建、主成分分析以及遗传结构分析。100份古茶树材料共获得548597个高质量SNP,并对这些SNP进行了变异类型注释。系统进化树、主成分分析以及遗传结构分析的结果高度一致,结果表明同一区域内的材料间亲缘关系较近;100份资源可以分为3个类群;古茶园(G)的材料与其他4个区域的材料遗传背景差异较大,这4个区域的资源可能有相同的亲本来源。