Research on Current Situation,Symptoms and Protection Technological Measures of Ancient Trees in Surging Waves Pavilion,China

The paper had studied growth situation and disease symptoms of ancient trees in Surging Waves Pavilion.There were 14 ancient trees belonging to 10 genera of 9 families,with tree age of 120-260 years.These trees had been well protected generally.There were 9 ancient trees growing well,occupying 64.29%,which were Ginkgo biloba,Cupressus funebris Endl.,Podocarpus macrophyllus,Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz,Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl,Buxus sinica,and Wisteria sinensis(Sims)Sweet.There were 5 ancient trees needing to be protected preferentially,occupying 35.71%,including Ligustrum lucidum,Osmanthus fragrans and Pterocarya stenoptera.The disease symptoms were trunk rot and hollow structure.Based on these symptoms,the paper had proposed protective measures for Ligustrum lucidum and Osmanthus fragrans:① enclosing eroding holes on the trunk;② clearing up eroded woodiness on the surface of trunk,disinfecting and applying anti-corrosion protectants;③ filling eroded holes of the trunk.Protective measures for Pterocarya stenoptera included:① clearing up the inner part and interior walls;② disinfecting the inside and interior walls of holes;③ applying anti-corrosion protectants.

Current Situation,Symptoms and Protective Techniques of Ancient Trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden

Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Generally speaking,ancient trees in this garden grow well due to the proper protection,and 3 of them need only regular management,specifically,Pinus bungeana Zucc.,Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don,Wisteria sinensis Sweet in south yard of Dianchun Yi(the Peony Study),while another three need key protection,specifically,Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne,Sabina chinensis(Linn.)Ant.,W.sinensis Sweet,2 of which need corrosion prevention and filling protection,and another one needs comprehensive techniques for the rejuvenation of tree vigor.In view of symptoms of these 3 trees requiring key protection,corresponding techniques were proposed as below:3 steps for protecting C.sinensis Koehne(A.clearing and sterilizing tree holes,painting anti-corrosion protective agent;B.filling holes;C.sealing holes);3 steps for protecting W.sinensis Sweet(A.clearing up rotten xylem;B.anti-corrosion and sterilization processing for trunk;C.painting anti-corrosion agent);4 steps for S.chinensis(Linn.)Ant.(A.clearing climbing plants around it;B.clearing rotten xylem;C.filling holes;D.improving rhizosphere and rejuvenation of the tree).

Review of the Study on the Landscape of Ancient Trees in Lushan

With superior natural conditions,Lushan has abounded in not only plant resources but also profound cultural,religious and political flavors.The research on the ancient trees in Lushan is of great significance to the preservation of natural ancient,exploration of the cultural contents,development and exploitation of those ancient trees and realization of the sustainable development in Lushan.Forest coverage of Lushan reaches 76.6%,and among these plants there are 41 families,83 genera,and 217 species of fern,9 families,34 genera,and 95 species of gymnosperms,and 154 families,864 genera,and 2 332 species of angiosperms.Lushan is divided into the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone in "Chinese Vegetation Regionalization",and characterized as obvious vertical vegetation distribution.Here the author reviewed the evaluation methods of the landscape value of ancient trees in Lushan,hoping to comment on the landscape value of Lushan ancient trees and the investigation,preservation and use of those plant resources in order to lay a foundation for future research.

Research on Monitoring and Early-warning Standards of Ancient and Famous Trees Protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden

Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.

Current Situation of Ancient and Famous Trees and Ecological Landscapes in Classical Suzhou Gardens

Due to the regional characteristics and special environment of classical Suzhou gardens, ancient and famous trees in these gardens are not only organisms or natural resources, but also witnesses and recorders of history, so they have unique attributes and value of humanistic resources. On this basis, current situation of ancient and famous trees as well as ecological landscapes formed by these trees in classical Suzhou gardens were analyzed, connotations of these trees elaborated, and relevant regulations taken to identify the grade of these trees. Ancient and famous trees in 9 classical Chinese gardens were investigated, specifically, the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lingering Garden, the Master-of-Nets Garden, the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, the Pavilion of Surging Waves, the Lion Grove Garden, the Garden of Cultivation, the Couple's Retreat Garden and the Garden of Pleasure. Compared with statistics obtained in 2002, the quantity of ancient and famous trees in these 9 gardens reduced by 11. History and growth state of some trees were introduced, such as Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl., Ginkgo biloba L., Sabina chinensis (Linn.) Ant., Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng, Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur., and significance of the principle-"right tree for right land" for ancient trees aged 100 years or more was stressed. Moreover, it was stressed that garden protection should also devote more attention to researches on plants.

Study on Present Situation of Ancient and Famous Trees in the Lingering Garden and Its Protective Measures

The field investigation of the present situation of ancient and famous tress in Lingering Garden was conducted, the results showed that there were 18 trees, belonging to 13 species, 12 genera and 10 families. The trees’ ages were between 100 years old and 330 years old; 14 trees (accounting for 77.78% of the total trees) required regular management, 2 trees (accounting for 11.11%) required bole antiseptic protection, 1 tree (accounting for 5.56% of the total plants) required protection for its trunk, and 1 tree (accounting for 5.56%) required bole antiseptic protection and rejuvenation. According to the survey results, the monitoring and early warning standard grades were divided, its reasons were analyzed, and finally, the relative protection and restoration countermeasures were put forward.

Cloning Ancient Trees

west of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in Zhongshan Park, there stand several ancient cypress trees, each more than 1,000 years old. Their leafy crowns are all more than 20 meters high, while four have trunks that are 6 meters in circumference. The most unique of

Investigation of Ancient and Large Tree Resources in Green Spaces of Urban Parks: A Case Study of Yunqizhujing Park in Hangzhou, China

Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environment and enriching urban humanistic and natural landscapes, and they were also important contents of urban garden works symbolizing urban parks. A case study was carried out Yunqizhujing Park to study conservation of ancient and large trees in park green spaces of Hangzhou City, solutions to current problems were proposed, and constructive suggestions were given for the conservation of ancient and large trees in urban park green spaces.

AHP-based System for the Health Assessment of Ancient and Famous Trees in Dongguan

By establishing an AHP-based assessment index system and assessment model,and applying detection technology that is convenient and harmless for ancient and famous trees,this paper is significant for investigating and assessing the health state of ancient and famous trees,and protecting the limited resources. Fourteen indexes such as growth vigor,disease and pest were selected from the perspectives of overall situation,canopy,trunk and root,and AHP(applied analytic hierarchy process) was applied to define weights of these indexes. According to the results,top 3 indexes in terms of weight are tree vigor,treetop death,internal decay and hole,while the indexes with lower weight are parasitism,root damage,ventilation and permeability. On the basis of assessment model and method as well as field investigation,health grade of ancient and famous trees(A) can be obtained. By grading the health of ancient and famous trees into 3 levels,each level indicates a certain health state,so managers can take corresponding maintenance measures to develop the best ecological and social value of these trees.

Estimating the Age of Oil-tea Camellia Trees

To determine the age of oil-tea camellia trees, regression equations including Logistic, Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Korf, and Richards were used to calculate accumulative growth rate using basal trunk disc and investigate the relations between the age of oil-tea camellia trees and their growth rate of secondary trunk. The Gompertz equation Y=71.296 1exp （-3.874 4exp （-0.006 4t）） was the most optimal equation to simulate the accumulative growth rate of basal trunk disc. This equation could be used to estimate the age of oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. The Korf equation Y=576.900 1exp （-4.153 0x -0.314 2 ） was the best equation to describe the relation between the age and growth rate of different secondary trunks. With the adjustment coefficient and average growth of different secondary trunk discs, it is possible to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees that grow under similar environmental conditions. In addition, taking three or more discs from the same diameter group and calculating their average growth rate could lead to more accurate results. For trees that grow in different areas, environmental conditions should be carefully considered when using the above two equations to predict the age of ancient oil-tea camellia trees.

余杭区乡村古树资源分析及古树公园建设策略

以杭州市余杭区乡村古树及其后备资源为研究对象,采用文献数据统计和实地踏查相结合的方法总结了余杭区乡村古树资源的自然条件特征,分析了古树资源和地区人文条件、经济条件及区位条件的关系,并通过对不同因子进行赋值以评估不同乡村建立古树公园的优先级。研究表明:(1)余杭区乡村现存古树621株,其中一级古树22株,古树后备资源777株,隶属于25科45种,古树及后备资源数量随树龄的增加呈下降趋势;(2)各地区的林业发展、旅游发展、距杭州市城区距离对乡村古树的保留起到促进作用,同时也影响了古树资源的群落组成;(3)百丈镇半山村、鸬鸟镇山沟沟村、径山镇径山村、径山镇小古城村、瓶窑镇塘埠村和中泰街道紫荆村的综合评估等级最高,建议在这些地方优先建立乡村古树公园。提出构建古树公园体系、挖掘乡村人文历史、科学智慧保护措施、激发多元保护治理四个方面的策略,以期守护好余杭区乡村古树资源,传承乡村古树生态文明,促进乡村古树公园建设,助力乡村振兴。

基于文献计量的古树名木研究现状及热点分析

以中国知网数据库中2002-2022年的334篇期刊文献作为数据源,采用文献计量的方法,利用Citespace 6.1.R6可视化文献分析工具,对我国古树名木研究领域的年度发文量、主要发文作者、主要发文机构、主要研究领域和研究热点趋势及项目基金等进行分析,并绘制出相关图谱,以探讨古树名木研究领域的发展现状以及相关研究热点。结果表明,古树名木领域年度发文量呈先增加后减少再增加的趋势,在2013年达到最大值,近一年有下降趋势;发文最多的作者是来自山东农业大学的邢世岩(12篇)、发文机构最多的是北京林业大学(48篇),古树群、保护对策、资源调查、分布、复壮等是该领域研究热点,空间分布等方向是未来研究趋势,发文基金来源主要为国家自然科学基金。

代钦塔拉自然保护区元宝枫不同年龄古树种子含油特征的研究

元宝枫为我国特有木本油料树种,选育高含油优质种源是其产业发展急需解决问题。采用野外单株采样和室内分析相结合的方法,测定了科尔沁沙地代钦塔拉自然保护区元宝枫不同年龄古树种仁脂肪酸及其组成的含量。结果表明,元宝枫古树种仁具有高含油特点,且不同树龄古树种仁脂肪酸及其组成含量差异不显著。元宝枫古树种仁油脂质量分数为46.76%~49.97%,平均质量分数48.19%;元宝枫古树种仁脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸为主,平均质量分数分别为26.23%、34.91%;棕榈酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸、13-二十二碳酸和二十四碳烯酸平均质量分数分别为4.44%、8.18%、14.54%和4.60%。脂肪酸随着古树年龄增加,脂肪酸含量总体呈现出增加趋势,神经酸含量总体呈现出降低的趋势。代钦塔拉自然保护区百年以上元宝枫古树具有相对稳定的高含油特征,树龄差异不是影响元宝枫种仁脂肪酸及其各组成含量的主要因素。

面向珍稀濒危古树名木健康保护的本体构建与可视化研究——以北京市为例

针对珍稀濒危古树名木产生的海量、复杂庞大却又互不交叉且独立存储的相关的知识信息的问题,在语义关联的基础上对其进行本体化组织和有机结合十分必要。基于本体的理论和方法,对濒危古树名木健康保护领域资源涉及的概念应用元数据进行知识抽取和语义描述,选取概念参考模型对领域内概念进行统一组织整合,构建濒危古树名木健康保护本体,以期全方位揭示出领域资源的知识内容及其相互关系,在每一株古树名木之间、古树名木和健康保护之间建立起语义深层次关联及可视化展示,进一步推动古树名木健康保护知识服务。

古树强度缺陷与破坏机制研究

古树在经历过数百年后会存在不同程度的安全隐患,构成这些安全隐患的缺陷称之为强度缺陷,它们降低了古树抵抗风雪荷载的能力。本文将古树的强度缺陷归结为三种类型:腐朽空洞、结构缺陷、枯伤裂纹,并从树木力学的角度分析了强度缺陷如何影响古树的强度和稳定性,阐述了古树的破坏方式及其力学机制,以期为古树保护与修复提供借鉴和参考。

木材分子考古研究进展

木材考古学研究是推动木质文物自然和历史信息挖掘、保护和修复的重要基础。近年来,随着古DNA捕获和测序技术的快速发展,从木质遗存中可获取古DNA信息,在木材解剖学基础上,创新开展以古DNA为核心的木材分子考古研究已成为木材考古学的前沿热点。本文首先对木材分子考古研究进行概述,从古DNA的保存和降解、获取以及数据处理和序列分析3方面归纳木材古DNA的研究进展,并指出古DNA因高度降解、含量极低和化学损伤特征导致其难于提取和信息解译的难题。然后总结木材分子考古在解读先民认知与利用森林资源方式、复原历史时期地域性森林植被类型和物种多样性以及重建古代树木应对气候和生境变化的微进化反应等方面的主要应用。最后提出该研究领域未来应优先开展的工作:1)建立考古木材标本库及其DNA信息数据库;2)研究不同时空维度下木材古DNA损伤及变化规律;3)构建稳定高效的木材古DNA提取及序列信息解译技术体系。通过进一步加强木材分子考古等多学科交叉研究,推动新理论、新方法、新技术在木材学和考古学领域的应用,为木质文物的用材树种识别、保护利用以及重建历史时期森林植被、环境气候与人类活动的耦合关系提供重要科学依据。

山东莱阳古梨树群系统的特征与保护实践

介绍了山东莱阳古梨树群系统概况,阐述了山东莱阳古梨树群系统的特征,包括历史、种质和生物物种资源、风土适应性、活态生产技艺、梨文化、沙地-古树景观及政策、科技、产品开发、管理和销售等方面,提出了山东莱阳古梨树群系统的保护措施。

古树断裂倒伏风险评估原理与防护设计

强度缺陷和风雪荷载是导致古树断裂倒伏的两大因素。古树的风险评估就是通过望诊、检测、探根及测绘,找出安全隐患、确定缺陷位置及大小、分析古树受力破坏方式、测算剩余强度和稳定性,而古树的安全防护就是设计安装必要的支撑与拉纤来防止这种破坏发生。本文阐述了古树风险评估的原理和方法,并介绍了不同类型支撑与拉纤的设计和应用。

湛江市古树资源特征分析

为摸清湛江市古树资源情况,加强湛江市古树保护工作,基于广东省古树名木普查成果数据,对湛江市古树资源的树种结构、树龄、分布、生长环境、生长状况等方面进行了分析。结果表明:湛江市共有古树7356株,隶属于46科84属111种;在湛江各县级市、县区均有分布,其中徐闻县古树数量最多;优势树种主要是榕树(Ficusmicrocarpa)、垂叶榕(F.benjamina)、鹊肾树(Streblusasper)、樟(Camphoraofficinarum)等观赏树种和龙眼(Dimocarpuslongan)、荔枝(Litchi chinensis)等果树;古树生长场所主要为乡村,树龄主要分布在100~200年之间,三级古树多达7080株,占比96.25%;古树树高主要分布范围是7~20 m,平均树高为12.97 m,胸径主要分布范围是40~160 cm,平均胸径96.7 cm,冠幅主要分布范围4~20 m,平均冠幅13.55 m。总体而言,湛江市古树生长环境和生长势良好,古树资源物种多样性丰富。

云南省古核桃资源现状研究

2017—2019年对云南省古树名木资源进行普查。结果显示,全省古核桃资源共计4765株,隶属3属4种。其中:单株古核桃2881株;古树群共21个,面积151.05 hm^(2),株数1884株。一级古树71株,占总株数的1.49%;二级古树243株,占5.10%;三级古树4451株,占93.43%。全省除西双版纳州外,其余15个州(市)、88个县(市、区)均有核桃古树分布,其中,被世界自然保护联盟列为“极危(CR)”物种的国家二级保护植物喙核桃古树25株,均分布在文山州。