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Science and Innovation Diplomacy from a Practitioner's Perspective——A Case-study of “Nordic+” Countries in China
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作者 David Bekkers Thomas Hansen +1 位作者 Mika Klemettinen Nannan Lundin 《Innovation and Development Policy》 2022年第1期1-24,共24页
Science and innovation diplomacy is at a crossroad-facing the need for enhanced cooperation to tackle global challenges and in a more complex geopolitical landscape.Built on“learning-by-doing”and“learningby-experim... Science and innovation diplomacy is at a crossroad-facing the need for enhanced cooperation to tackle global challenges and in a more complex geopolitical landscape.Built on“learning-by-doing”and“learningby-experimenting”as well as focusing on future development needs and opportunities,the science and innovation diplomacy practices of“Nordic+”countries,i.e.,Denmark,Finland,Sweden and the Netherlands,in China are presented in the paper.Their common strategic insights can be summarized as:1)a new policy narrative on“co-opetition”,2)a balanced approach and a long-term and future-oriented perspective on“coopetition”and 3)more agile,targeted and impact-oriented instruments and partnerships for“co-opetition”.Concrete suggestions for the future development include:1)a deepened understanding of how science and innovation are inter-connected with strategic and economic interests of countries and continents,2)publicly funded schemes and instruments for engaging Nordic multinationals and deepening science-industry-policy collaborative efforts,3)systematic methods through combining evidence-based and future-oriented analyses and 4)skill-and capacity development for identifying,preventing and mitigating multifaceted risks in cooperation.In such contexts,the implementation of EU’s mission-driven innovation and the twin-transition,i.e.the sustainability transition and digital transition,can open up new opportunities for the future cooperation. 展开更多
关键词 innovation diplomacy science and innovation policy business-driven innovation
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Self-employment in Urban China:Entrepreneurship or Disguised Unemployment? 被引量:2
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作者 Xinxin Ma Shi Li 《China & World Economy》 2022年第1期166-195,共30页
To explore the mechanism of entry to the self-employed sector in urban China,this study tested two hypotheses:the entrepreneurship hypothesis and the disguised unemployment hypothesis,investigating the impact of mass ... To explore the mechanism of entry to the self-employed sector in urban China,this study tested two hypotheses:the entrepreneurship hypothesis and the disguised unemployment hypothesis,investigating the impact of mass entrepreneurship and innovation policies on business start-ups.Three main findings emerged.First,the entrepreneurship hypothesis was rejected for both local urban residents and migrants in 2013 but was supported for both groups in 2018.Second,the causality relationship between mass entrepreneurship and innovation policies and business starts-ups was not significant.Third,the results differed by group.The entrepreneurship hypothesis was supported for the younger generation of migrants in 2018 but was clearly rejected for the less educated,both in the local urban resident and migrant groups in 2013 and 2018.Robustness checks confirmed these conclusions. 展开更多
关键词 China disguised unemployment ENTREPRENEURSHIP mass entrepreneurship and innovation policies SELF-EMPLOYMENT
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