Determination of Ten Kinds of Alpha-2 Agonists Residues in Animal Derived Food by UHPLC-Triple Quadrupole/Composite Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]The paper was to establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/linear ion trap complex mass spectrometry for the determination of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists in animal derived food.[Methods]The samples were extracted with sodium carbonate buffer solution and ethyl acetate,and analyzed by mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography separation.[Results]Ten kinds ofα2-receptor agonists showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1-100μg/mL,with the average recovery of over 69%and the relative standard deviation less than 8.32%.The detection limit of 10 kinds of α_(2)-receptor agonists was up to 1μg/kg.[Conclusions]The method has good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability,and can meet the requirements of 10 kinds ofα2-receptor agonists residues in animal derived food.

The health benefits of selenium in food animals:a review

Selenium is an essential trace mineral important for the maintenance of homeostasis in animals and humans.It evinces a strong antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and potential antimicrobial capacity.Selenium biological function is primarily achieved by its presence in selenoproteins as a form of selenocysteine.Selenium deficiency may result in an array of health disorders,affecting many organs and systems;to prevent this,dietary supplementation,mainly in the forms of organic(i.e.,selenomethionine and selenocysteine)inorganic(i.e.,selenate and selenite)sources is used.In pigs as well as other food animals,dietary selenium supplementation has been used for improving growth performance,immune function,and meat quality.A substantial body of knowledge demonstrates that dietary selenium supplementation is positively associated with overall animal health especially due to its immunomodulatory activity and protection from oxidative damage.Selenium also possesses potential antiviral activity and this is achieved by protecting immune cells against oxidative damage and decreasing viral replication.In this review we endeavor to combine established and novel knowledge on the beneficial effects of dietary selenium supplementation,its antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions,and the putative antimicrobial effect thereof.Furthermore,our review demonstrates the gaps in knowledge pertaining to the use of selenium as an antiviral,underscoring the need for further in vivo and in vitro studies,particularly in pigs.

Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide.Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products,and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and animal physiology.Thus,mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals.Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination,mitigation strategies are needed.This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins,deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.

Research Progress on Analysis and Detection Techniques of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Foods

As an important guarantee for the prevention and control of animal diseases,veterinary drugs have important functions in improving animal production performance and product quality and maintaining ecological balance.They are an important guarantee for the healthy development of animal husbandry,food safety and public health.However,the irrational use and abuse of veterinary drugs and feed pharmaceutical additives are widespread,causing harmful substances in animal foods and damage to human health,and threatening the sustainable development of the environment and animal husbandry as well.In order to ensure human health,it is urgent to develop a simple,rapid,high-sensitivity,high-throughput and low-cost veterinary drug residue detection technology.In this paper,the sample pretreatment methods and detection techniques for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in animal foods were reviewed.

Situations and Countermeasures on Veterinary drug residues and Detection to Animal Material Food of Entry-Exit Trade

With the people's lives improving,the demands of livestock products on the import and export aspects were growing. Veterinary drug residues as the important factor which might influence animal products safety has become a major concern. In this paper,the status quo and inspection of the veterinary drug residue and the corresponding control measures were put forward.

Protein Quality Evaluation of Animal Food Proteins by <i>In-Vitro</i>Methodologies

Animal protein foods are undoubtedly among the most concentrated source of essential amino acids (AA) for the human diet. However, their high prices and diseases associated to their excessive consumption have fomented the consumption of other alternative sources of animal proteins such as those from marine or aquatic species. Sonora is a well recognized producer of animal foods in Mexico, both terrestrial and aquatic. In this study, the protein quality evaluation of these animal food sources, highly produced and consumed in Sonora, is proposed, using in-vitro methodologies. Four different species, from each aquatic and terrestrial origin, were selected. Samples of lean muscle were used in all cases. Various in-vitro methodologies for protein quality evaluation were selected, alternatives to the animal bioassays: % digestibility, Total amino acid analyses (HPLC), PDCAAS, computerized PER calculations (C-PER and DC-PER) and total collagen contents. % in-vitro digestibility presented significant differences among samples from terrestrial species, but muscle from aquatic species did not showed significant differences. All sources of proteins, both aquatic and terrestrial proved to be rich sources of essential amino acids. PDCAAS was unable to establish significant differences in protein quality among sources of protein from different origin. Both methods C-PER and DC-PER were more exact in their results and were able to detect significant differences among samples of different origin. An important finding was the great difference in the total collagen content between aquatic and terrestrial sources of proteins, where terrestrial muscle proteins had almost 10-time more collagen than aquatic protein sources. However, these collagen contents did not seem to have a significant influence in the protein quality of these animal proteins. These muscle proteins, from both aquatic and terrestrial species, confirmed to have a high protein quality and some of the in-vitro methodologies used in this study represent a valuable alternative to the animal bioassays.

Recovery of Unsold Food from Three Agri-Food Industries (SOCOCE, COQUIVOIRE and SCB) for the Feeding of the Abidjan Zoo Animals

The waste of foodstuffs is increasing in the agri-food industries. This is reflected in the increasing volume of their waste. Food is thrown away on criteria that have nosthing to do with its nutritional quality. In most cases, the criteria are shape, color and stains. In order to reduce this waste, a way of valorization was investigated. This paper focuses on waste reduction through feeding the Abidjan zoo animals with the unsold products of three agro-industries. The unsold products collected by the zoo were characterized over an 8-year period (2011 to 2019). Deaths and births were recorded. The food needs met by the unsold products harvested were evaluated and the economic gains estimated. The results showed that the food recovered by the Abidjan Zoo at SOCOCE contained 34.94% fruit, 38.58% vegetable and 23.47% meat products. At SCB and Coquivoire the donations are estimated at 2 tons of bananas and 1.5 tons of chickens (smoked and cold chicken) respectively. These donations allowed the Zoo to save 25.94% of its budget allocated to animal feed. The diversity of the food collected has a positive impact on the quality of life of the animals at the Zoo. This is reflected in an increase in the number of births from 0 to 12 per year and a decrease in mortality of 90%.

The Animal Health Law-Regulation EU 2016/429 and the Future of Food Safety and Free Commerce in Europe

The aim of this study was to analyze the contents of Reg.(EU)No.429/2016,and to assess its role in guaranteeing the efficient application of the disease prevention and control rules into member state.Furthermore,the authors evaluated the impact of the abovementioned Regulation on the legislation on public health and food safety already in force in Europe(Regulations EC No.178/2002,No.882/2004,No.853/2004)and considered the global impact of the new rules on the effective functioning of the internal market.The study pays attention also to the TFEU(treaty of lisbon on the functioning of the European union)procedure to delegate to the commission the power to adopt non-legislative acts of general application that supplement or amend certain non-essential elements of a legislative act.

Determination of Sym-triazine Residues in Animal-derived Food by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

[Objective]The research aimed to establish a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting residues of diclazuril,toltrazuril and its metabolites in animal-derived food.[Method]The samples were pre-treated by QuEChERS technology and detected by Exactive liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.The liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for detecting the residues of diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide in animal-derived food was established.[Result]Diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide showed a good linear correlation in the range of 2.0-50.0μg/L（r^2〉0.99）.The average recoveries of these four compounds in bovine power at the spiked levels of 2,10 and 20μg/kg were 74.5%-90.1%,and the relative standard deviations（RSD）were 15.4%-17.5%.[Conclusion]This method was stable and reliable,and could be used to detect diclazuril,toltrazuril,toltrazuril sulfone and toltrazuril sulfoxide in animal-derived food.

The Negative Effect of Heavy Metal Salts on the Body of Mammal Animals

The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.

我国限制使用的兽药在食品动物中的残留概况

从我国食品动物禁用、停用、特定时期不得使用以及允许使用但不得检出等层面,对我国兽药使用的限制、相关残留检测方法标准适用范围以及相关问题的分析和建议进行综述,以期为养殖业规范用药、食品安全监管部门政策制定和调整、科研机构针对不得检出兽药残留标准相关研究的开展提供参考。

动物源食品中孕酮激素残留的时间分辨荧光免疫分析法的建立

该研究以孕酮为研究对象,设计并制备了新抗原,通过动物免疫得到特异性兔抗体,基于所得抗原和抗体,进一步优化了抗原抗体浓度、反应缓冲液种类及其pH值等关键参数,最终在国内首次建立了用于动物性食品中性激素孕酮残留快速检测时间分辨荧光免疫分析法(TRFIA)。该研究确定最优实验条件为:抗原0.30μg/mL、铕标抗体0.40μg/mL、pH值7.2的TBST工作缓冲液,并建立标准曲线,方法的线性范围为0.46~6.94μg/L,IC_(50)达1.79μg/L,与睾酮交叉反应率为1.25%,与雌二醇、雌三醇等激素无交叉反应。实际样品的平均添加回收率为82.0%~113.0%,批内批间变异系数<5%,与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测结果的相关性良好(r2=0.988)。结果表明该研究所建立的TRFIA检测方法准确可靠、特异性好、灵敏度高,完全可用于动物源食品中孕酮残留的快速检测。

动物源性食品和水中痕量氧氟沙星检测方法研究进展

氧氟沙星是一种抗菌性药物,因对动物的皮肤病、胃肠炎等疾病有显著疗效,在水产养殖和畜牧业中得到了应用。然而,氧氟沙星的使用会在动物体内及水体环境中形成药物残留,从而对人类的身体健康造成严重的毒副作用。为此,我国的食品安全国家标准对食品动物中氧氟沙星的最大残留限量进行了规定。本文综述了近年来动物源性食品和水中痕量氧氟沙星的主要检测方法(包括色谱法及质谱法、光谱分析法、电化学分析法和免疫分析法等)的原理和进展,并对痕量氧氟沙星检测领域的发展趋势进行了展望。

动物源性食品中氯霉素类药物残留分析方法研究进展

氯霉素类药物是一种常见的杀菌剂和高效广谱的抗生素,被广泛应用于水产和畜禽养殖领域。为保障人类健康,动物源性食品中氯霉素类药物残留的检测日益受到重视。文章介绍了氯霉素类药物的性质、动物源性食品中氯霉素类药物的限量标准和危害,阐述了常用的氯霉素类药物检测方法,总结了不同检测方法的优缺点,探讨了如何提高氯霉素类药物检测效率和精密度的方法,并展望了开发新兴先进的检测技术和分析方法的前景。

3D打印技术在动物源食品加工中的研究进展

3D打印技术是一项新兴技术,旨在从计算机辅助设计模型中建立一个三维物体,已广泛地用于农业、医疗保健、汽车工业、机车工业和航空工业等多个领域。3D打印技术作为一种将数字化软件与加工设备融合的新技术,可以实现物体的个性化定制和批量生产。除此之外,3D打印技术因无模具成型、节省材料及定制化膳食等特点,在食品加工领域逐渐兴起。在动物源食品加工中,3D打印具有独特的潜力,可以创造复杂的几何结构,同时具有经济和环境效益。它可以根据营养需求、卡路里摄入、特定形状、质地、颜色或味道等特定属性创建个性化的食物。基于此,该文综述了4种常见的3D打印技术,分析了常见的食品大分子对动物源食品3D打印产生的影响,并对3D打印技术在动物源性食品加工中的应用现状进行了总结。

表面增强拉曼光谱在动物源性食品兽药残留检测的研究进展

动物性食品安全问题日益突出,愈演愈烈,有关问题食品的报道也受到了公众的广泛关注。一旦兽药在畜牧养殖过程中被过度使用或滥用,药物残留将给人类健康带来严重危害。常见的残留检测方法存在成本高、速度慢和效率低等缺点,通常需要专业人员操作,传统的理化方法已不能满足食品质量检测的需要,因此研发快速高效的兽药残留检测方法起着关键作用。近年来,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术在真伪鉴别、非法添加物检测和农兽药残留等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,并以其快速检测、无损等优势在食品检测领域有着更为广阔的发展前景。与其他检测方法不同的是,SERS通过信号放大和高灵敏度的指纹光谱,可以快速识别目标分析物,进行定性或半定量分析。本文主要介绍了拉曼光谱和SERS在动物源性食品中兽药残留检测中的研究和应用,重点介绍了SERS的优势、食品样品的前处理以及SERS结合其他技术检测多种兽药的相关研究,并提出了SERS在实际监测中面临的挑战。

动物源性食品安全检测技术探析

该文对动物源性食品安全检测技术进行了探析,主要从目前常用的技术手段、存在的问题以及未来发展方向等方面进行研究和分析。研究发现,传统的检测方法在速度、准确性和效率等方面存在一定的局限性。发展基于分子生物学、光学和化学等新兴技术的检测手段成为未来的发展趋势。旨在提供一些有关动物源性食品安全检测技术的参考,以便相关机构和研究者进一步提高食品安全水平。

动物源性食品中烯草酮及代谢物烯草酮砜和烯草酮亚砜残留分析方法

农药不合理使用导致的残留问题在动物源性食品中时有发生,其对人类健康的潜在风险正日益受到关注。本研究开发了一种基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测猪肉、鸡肝和牛奶样品中烯草酮及代谢物烯草酮砜和烯草酮亚砜残留的方法。样品中烯草酮及代谢物经乙腈提取后,通过正己烷液-液分配和C_(18)固相分散净化。结果表明,该方法中烯草酮及代谢物在猪肉、鸡肝和牛奶基质中均展现了良好的线性关系(R^(2)≥0.9956),定量限(LOQ)分别为0.01、0.01和0.005 mg/L。该方法的添加回收率在84%~108%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1%~10%之间。与其他文献报道的方法相比,该方法减少了有机溶剂的消耗,提高了灵敏度。采用所建立的方法,对从全国超市抽取的共90份猪肉、鸡肝和牛奶样本进行了检测,均未检测出烯草酮及其代谢物烯草酮砜和烯草酮亚砜残留。研究结果可为我国动物源性食品中烯草酮及代谢物标准检测方法的制定提供参考。

动物源副产物胶原蛋白肽的制备及其在食品工业中的应用研究进展

在动物加工过程中会产生大量的副产品和废弃物,这些产品中富含生物活性蛋白质,可以通过化学处理或酶水解等方式转化为具有特殊生理功能的胶原蛋白肽。胶原蛋白具有一定的营养价值,但由于其分子质量较大,难以被人体消化吸收。而胶原蛋白肽分子质量较小,更容易被人体消化吸收,并且发现动物源副产物胶原蛋白肽具有许多特殊的生理功能,因此将胶原蛋白肽作为新型食品原材料成为近些年来的研究热点之一。本文综述动物源副产物胶原蛋白肽制备方式的优缺点,及胶原蛋白肽在人体中的消化吸收,同时介绍胶原蛋白肽在食品加工中的应用,为将来开发胶原蛋白肽新产品提供新思路。

畜牧业高质量发展赋能乡村振兴的逻辑与进路

畜牧业高质量发展利于助推乡村产业兴旺、促进农牧民增收、改善乡村生态环境、提升粮食安全水平,是加快推动乡村振兴的核心驱动力。为了全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神,畜牧业高质量发展赋能乡村振兴需承担产业兴旺发达、农牧民生活富裕、乡村生态宜居、粮食安全保障的重要任务。因此,可以发展现代化畜牧业,助力乡村产业兴旺;建立新型畜牧业经营主体支持机制,实现农牧民增收;健全生态化畜牧业,推动乡村生态环境优化;夯实畜牧业发展基础,保障国家粮食安全等4个方面出发,有效发挥畜牧业高质量发展的赋能作用,助力乡村振兴全面推进。