Preparation of Filling Porous Osteoconduction Materials and Its Animal Experiment Study

Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.

China's Space Animal Experiments Obtained Achievements

Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours

Animal experimental studies using small intestine endoscope

AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.

Radioimmunodetection of human choriocarcinoma xenograft in nude mouse

Objective: To study the efficiency of radioimmuno-detection in locating the xenograft of human chorio-carcinoma in nude mouse. Methods: Radioimmuno-detection was performed using cocktail antibodies of 131I-labeled mouse anti-human chorionic gonadotropin monoclonal antibodies to locate the xenograft of human choriocarcinoma in nude mouse. Radioactivity in different tissues was measured and the tumor/non-tumor ratio was calculated. Normal mouse IgG was used as control IgG. Results: The accumulation of radioactivity in the xenograft area could be recognized as early as 24 h after the injection of the radiolabelled antibodies. 72-96 h after the injection, the xenograft could be clearly shown. The minimal shown xenograft was 0.8 cm in diameter. The tumor/non-tumor ratio increased with the time and was obviously higher than that in control group. Conclusion: Radioimmunodetection can efficiently locate human choriocarcinoma xenograft in nude mouse.

Establishment and Application of Hepatitis B Virus Persistent Replication Model in IFNAR^(-/-) Mouse

Summary： The type I interferon and IFNAR play an important role in hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection and anti-HBV therapy. However, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. To gain more in- sights into the role of type I interferon and type I interferon receptor （IFNAR） in HBV infection, we established an HBV persistent replication IFNAR knockout （IFNAR-/-） mouse model and preliminarily applied this model. At first, the progeny of IFNAR-/- mouse was reproduced. Then hydrodynamic injec- tion with pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid was conducted to establish the persistent HBV replication IFNAR-/- mouse model. At last, we applied this model to evaluate the effect of nucleoside analogues entecavir （ETV） on HBV replication. It was found that there was no difference in the serum HBsAg and HBeAg levels and HBcAg expression in the liver tissue between the ETV treated groups and normal saline （NS） treated group, but the serum HBV DNA levels were significantly suppressed 10, 25, 40 and 55 days af- ter the ETV treatment [P=0.035, P=0.00, P=0.149 and P=-0.084, IFNAR knockout （KO） control group vs. C57BL/6 ETV groups, respectively; P=0.081, P=0.001, P=0.243 and P=-0.147, IFNAR KO control group vs. IFNAR KO ETV groups, respectively]. Interestingly, there was no difference in serum HBV DNA levels between the ETV treated IFNAR/- and C57BL/6 mice. This result suggests that HBV sup- pression during ETV treatments doesn＇t depend on type Ⅰinterferon and IFNAR. Collectively, persis- tent HBV replication IFNAR/ mouse model that we established is a useful and convenient tool to detect the function of the type Ⅰ interferon and IFNAR in HBV infection and anti-HBV treatments.

Environmental enrichment and mouse models: Current perspectives

The provision of environmental enrichment to numerous species of laboratory animals is generally considered routine husbandry. However, mouse enrichment has proven to be very complex due to the often contradictory outcomes(animal health and welfare, variability in scientific data, etc.) associated with strain, age of the animal when enrichment is provided, gender of the animal, scientific use of the animal,and other housing attributes. While this has led to some suggesting that mice should not be provided enrichment, more recently opinion is trending toward acknowledging that enrichment actually normalizes the animal and data obtained from a mouse living in a barren environment are likely not to be representative or even reliable. This article offers an overview of the types of impact enrichment can have on various strains of mice and demonstrates that enrichment not only has a role in mouse husbandry, but also can lead to new areas of scientific enquiry in a number of different fields.

Establishment and evaluation of a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome

Objective: To establish and evaluate a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods: The mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome was established by the treatment with injecting ovalbumin(OVA) two times to sensitize, inhaling OVA 14 times to stimulate, and using thyroxin through lavage during late stimulation. This model was evaluated through body weight, asthmatic behaviors, respiratory function, autonomous activity, lung pathology, and pulmonary fluid clearance. Results: OVA combined with thyroxin was an appropriate method to induce the mouse model with increased food and water intake, autonomous activity, asthmatic behaviors score, and respiratory rate, decreased body weight, tidal volume, and wet/dry ratio of lung, and changed with pathology of lung tissue. The changes of the above mentioned parameters indicated that the model was the bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion: The OVA combined with thyroxin is a good pattern to establish a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome successfully, which can highly simulate the clinical symptoms of this disease.

Pancreas transplantation in the mouse

BACKGROUND: Pancreas transplantation is the only established treatment to achieve long-term normoglycemia and insulin independence in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, many complications both during and post-transplantation have limited the progress of pancreas transplantation. Mice are the widely used laboratory animals that have been used to establish pancreas transplant models. The pathogenesis and the treatment of pancreas allograft rejection have been studied during the last twenty years. This review introduces four different mouse pancreas transplantation models established by different centers. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the three mostly reported mouse pancreas transplantation models in the literature (Pub Med), and compared them with a novel mouse model established at our center. RESULTS: In this review, four different models of mouse pancreas transplantation were compared in terms of surgical technique, immediate success rate, advantages and disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS: The mouse model is a useful tool to study pancreas transplantation-related diseases and their treatment. The findings from this model help to improve human pancreas transplantation in the future. (Hepatobilinty Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9:254-258)

Details determining the success in establishing a mouse orthotopic liver transplantation model

Liver transplantation(LT)is currently the only effective treatment option for endstage liver disease.The importance of animal models in transplantation is widely recognized among researchers.Because of the well-characterized mouse genome and the greater diversity and availability of both genetically modified animals and research reagents,mouse orthotopic LT(MOLT)has become an ideal model for the investigation of liver biology,tissue injury,regulation of alloimmunity and tolerance induction,and the pathogenesis of specific liver diseases.However,due to its complicated and technically demanding procedure,the model has merely been used by only a few research groups in the world for years.For a new learner,training lasting at least a couple of months or even years is required.Most of the investigators have emphasized the importance of elaborate techniques and dedicated instruments in establishing a MOLT model,but some details are often neglected.The nontechnical details are also significant,especially for researchers who have little experience in mouse microsurgery.Here,we review and summarize the crucial technical and nontechnical details in establishing the model of MOLT based on scientific articles and our experience in six aspects:animal selection,anesthesia,perioperative management,organ procurement,back-table preparation,and implantation surgery.We aim to enable research groups to shorten the learning curve and implement the mouse LT procedure with high technical success.

Antidepressant Effect of Shenwei Ningyu Tablets on Rat Chronic Stress Model and Mouse Tail Suspension Model

[Objectives]To explore the antidepressant effect of Shenwei Ningyu Tablet,a new antidepressant traditional Chinese medicine,on rat chronic stress depression model and mouse tail suspension models.[Methods]Rat chronic stress model:except for the normal group,the rats in other groups were given corresponding chronic stress,and administered by gavage 1 h before modeling,for a total of 21 d.The changes of each indicator before and after the experiment were observed through the body weight change,the sugar water test,and open field test.The relevant hormone levels were detected by radioimmunoassay.Mouse tail suspension depression model:after continuous administration for 7 d,the activity times was recorded with the mouse automatic recorder,and the mouse immobility time was recorded after tail suspension,to explore the effects of each administration group on the tail suspension immobility time of mice.[Results]Chronic stress depression model:21 d after modeling,compared with the normal group,rats in the model group exhibited significantly reduced body weight,sucrose preference index,and horizontal and vertical movement scores(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the low-dose Shenwei Ningyu Tablets group had significant differences in the sugar water test,horizontal and vertical movement scores(P<0.05).In addition,all three dose groups of Shenwei Ningyu Tablets could effectively reduce the content of CRF in chronic stress model rats,and the low dose group could significantly reduce the ACTH level in model rats(P<0.05).Mouse tail suspension depression model:the immobility time after tail suspension in each administration group was significantly different from that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Shenwei Ningyu Tablets has a certain anti-depression effect on both the rat chronic stress depression model and the mouse tail suspension depression model.

Experimental Studies on the Irradiation of Facial Bones in Animals:A Review

Introduction: Radiotherapy is often used to treat head and neck malignancies, with inevitable effects on the surrounding healthy tissues. We have reviewed the literature concerning the experimental irradiation of facial bones in animals. Materials and Methods: A PubMed search was performed to retrieve animal experiments on the irradiation of facial bones that were published between January 1992 and January 2012. The search terms were “irradiation facial bone” and “irradiation osteoradionecrosis”. Results: Thirty-six publications were included. The irradiation sources were Cobalt60, orthovoltage, 4 - 6 megavolt photons, and brachytherapy. The total dose varied between 8 - 60 Gy in single or multiple fractions. The literature presents a broad range of animal studies that differ in terms of the in vivo model, irradiation, observation period, and evaluation of results. Discussion: The different animal models used leave many questions unanswered. A detailed and standardized description of the methodology and results would facilitate the comparability of future studies.

Biosafety and data quality considerations for animal experiments with highly infectious agents at ABSL-3 facilities

Animal models are crucial for the study of severe infectious diseases,which is essential for determining their pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and drugs.Animal experiments involving risk grade 3 agents such as SARS CoV,HIV,M.tb,H7N9,and Brucella must be conducted in an Animal Biosafety Level 3(ABSL-3)facility.Because of the in vivo work,the biosafety risk in ABSL-3 facilities is higher than that in BSL-3 facilities.Undoubtedly,management practices must be strengthened to ensure biosafety in the ABSL-3 facility.Meanwhile,we cannot ignore the reliable scientific results obtained from animal experiments conducted in ABSL-3 laboratories.It is of great practical significance to study the overall biosafety concepts that can increase the scientific data quality.Based on the management of animal experiments in the ABSL-3 Laboratory of Wuhan University,combined with relevant international and domestic literature,we indicate the main safety issues and factors affecting animal experiment results at ABSL-3 facilities.Based on these issues,management practices regarding animal experiments in ABSL-3 facilities are proposed,which take into account both biosafety and scientifically sound data.

Animal bone growth experiment of rapid-growing rats in different stress environment and its mathematical model

The aim of this study is to explore a way that quantify the qualitative equation of bone growth and remodeling which was based on the animal Experiment of rapid-growing Rats in Different Stress Environment. These results were proved to be of good stability and identification precision with the numerical method of inversion. It suggested that the growing coefficient and the threshold in function were variables changing with time and space. The idea and method used in the research of bone growth and remodeling adaptation in this paper also provided clue and reference to establish other models for living system.

Synthesis,labelling and animal experiments of the derivative of phenylpentadecanoic acid(CACPPA)

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Role of CD36 in central nervous system diseases

CD36 is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein that belongs to the scavenger receptor class B family and regulates the pathological progress of metabolic diseases.CD36 was recently found to be widely expressed in various cell types in the nervous system,including endothelial cells,pericytes,astrocytes,and microglia.CD36 mediates a number of regulatory processes,such as endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammatory responses,which are involved in many central nervous system diseases,such as stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and spinal cord injury.CD36 antagonists can suppress CD36 expression or prevent CD36 binding to its ligand,thereby achieving inhibition of CD36-mediated pathways or functions.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of action of CD36 antagonists,such as Salvianolic acid B,tanshinone IIA,curcumin,sulfosuccinimidyl oleate,antioxidants,and small-molecule compounds.Moreover,we predicted the structures of binding sites between CD36 and antagonists.These sites can provide targets for more efficient and safer CD36 antagonists for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

茯苓酸对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及机制研究

目的:研究茯苓酸(pachymic acid,PA)对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能机制。方法:采用CCK8法和细胞克隆形成实验检测不同浓度(20、40、80μmol/L)PA对B16细胞增殖的影响;细胞划痕和Transwell小室实验观察PA对B16细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;Western Blot法和免疫荧光法检测PA对B16细胞的上皮-间质转化相关蛋白表达的变化。结果:PA可以明显抑制B16细胞增殖,并呈一定的浓度依赖性关系(P<0.01);PA干预24 h后可以显著抑制B16细胞的迁移和侵袭能力(P<0.01);40μmol/L的PA能上调B16细胞的E-cadherin蛋白表达(P<0.05)并下调Vimentin蛋白的表达(P<0.05);免疫荧光法检测显示40μmol/L的PA可明显降低B16细胞Vimentin蛋白的表达。结论:PA可以抑制B16细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与上调B16细胞的E-cadherin蛋白表达,降低Vimentin蛋白表达,从而抑制B16细胞的上皮-间质转化有关。

灵芝螺旋藻复方胶囊辅助降血糖功能

该文探究灵芝螺旋藻复方胶囊对Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。采用高热能饲料结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素的方法,建立Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠模型,随机将小鼠分为对照组、模型组和低、中、高剂量组。灵芝螺旋藻复方胶囊连续干预4周,测定小鼠体质量、脏器指数、血液相关指标并观察肝、胰腺、盲肠病理组织切片。结果显示,低、中、高剂量(相当于人体推荐用量5、10、30倍)灵芝螺旋藻复方胶囊能不同程度改善糖尿病小鼠脏器指数、血糖水平以及葡萄糖耐量;从病理组织切片观察到经过3个剂量组干预的肝细胞体积明显恢复且排列整齐、脂滴空泡减少,肝细胞的损伤与炎症明显改善;胰岛细胞边界随剂量的增大而变得逐渐清晰且有序;低、中剂量两个组除绒毛有少部分呈圆状环绕外,3个剂量组盲肠组织外膜、肌层、黏膜、绒毛形态均有明显改善。综上,低、中、高3个剂量灵芝螺旋藻复方胶囊均可有效改善Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠的糖脂代谢,有助于维持血糖健康水平。

miR-421靶向调控Menin/Caspase-3影响抑郁症的机制

目的探讨miR-421影响抑郁症发生发展的作用机制。方法采取单次腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)方法建立抑郁大鼠模型,采用糖水偏好度测试和旷场实验进行抑郁行为检测。通过miRNA微阵列芯片和RT-PCR分析miR-421在抑郁大鼠海马组织中的表达量,运用TargetScan数据库和mi RDB数据库进行预测miR-421的靶基因,采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验观察其与靶基因的结合情况,观察过表达和抑制miR-421对靶基因的影响,随后过表达和抑制靶基因,观察其对下游因子的影响,最终探究miR-421影响抑郁症的相关机制。结果miRNA微阵列芯片和RT-PCR检测表明miR-421在抑郁大鼠海马组织中呈高表达(P<0.001),抑制miR-421的表达可显著恢复抑郁大鼠的体重和运动能力(P<0.001)。TargetScan数据库预测得到Menin与miR-421存在结合靶点,双荧光素酶报告基因实验表明Menin与miR-421具有相互作用;当miR-421过表达时,Menin表达量会下调(P<0.001),相反,当抑制miR-421表达时,Menin表达量会上调(P<0.001)。qPCR检测提示,Menin下游因子Caspase-3、NF-κB在抑郁大鼠模型海马组织中的表达显著提高(P<0.001),IL-1β在抑郁大鼠模型海马组织中的表达明显提高(P<0.01),当抑制Menin表达时,Caspase-3、NF-κB、IL-1β表达量会升高(P<0.001),当过表达Menin时,Caspase-3、NF-κB、IL-1β表达量则降低(P<0.001)。结论抑制miR-421表达可升高Menin表达,降低Caspase-3含量,减少神经炎症反应,从而改善抑郁症状。

水生动物医学研究生综合实验设计及教学模式改革

设计水生动物医学综合实验,对一批患病珍珠龙趸石斑鱼Hybridized Grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂)的养殖水体理化因子、生物因子以及鱼体病原体进行检测。分析病鱼体血清指标及组织的病理变化,总结珍珠龙趸石斑鱼患病的原因,并通过查阅文献给出解决方案。通过设计综合型、实践型、创新型的水生动物医学综合实验,并在实验教学中采用虚拟仿真、经典案例微视频、联用数字标本库的新型混合教学方式,以多元化的考核方式进行考核,提高了学生的学习兴趣、创新能力和实践科研能力。