Pulse palpation and limited joint mobility examination are better indicators than oscillometric measurement for diagnosing abnormal ankle-brachial index

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the least recognized form of atherosclerosis and may even result in amputation if the diagnosis is delayed. Manual pulse palpation is the traditional way to diagnose PAD. Doppler ultrasonographic measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the gold standard diagnosing method but requires training and is not necessarily available as an outpatient procedure. Using automated oscillometric blood pressure devices has been suggested as an easier method for measuring the ABI. Methods: A single observer palpated the arterial dorsalis pedis, examined hand joints and measured the ABI of one hundred diabetic patients using both Doppler and oscillometric methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the oscillometric method and the manual diagnosing methods to the gold standard method of using a hand held Doppler device for measuring the ABI and detecting PAD. Results: ABI was abnormal in 24 patients (24%) (22 males, 2 females) when measured with the Doppler method. Of these 24 patients, the oscillometric method would have missed 12 giving 12 false negatives. We found that the sensitivity of the oscillometric method was 50.0% and specificity 90.8%. Clinical examination with palpation of ADP combined with limited joint mobility (LJM) scoring would have missed only four cases. Conclusions: Although the oscillometric method is easy and accessible, it is not sensitive enough to be used as the only method in measuring ABI. The simple and inexpensive ADP pulse palpation combined with testing for LMJ was able to find 20 of the 24 (83%) patients with an abnormal ABI measured by Doppler stethoscope.

Analysis of Ankle-Brachial Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, Ejection-Fraction, Obesity, Smoking, Alcohol Habits, Diabetes and Hypertension as Independent Predictors of Complexity and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Background: The present study was conducted to examine the association between various coronary risk factors and clinical parameters, with special emphasis on ankle-brachial index, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease at our hospital between September-2012 and December-2014 were examined in this study. Selected patients were screened for cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol habits as well as for clinical parameters including body-mass index, waist-hip ratio, ankle-brachial index, and ejection fraction. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for severity of coronary artery disease (based on number of vessels involved) and complexity of coronary angiographic lesions (measured by computer-assisted Syntax score calculator). The collected data were analyzed to determine the role of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical parameters as predictors of complexity and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: A total of 211 patients (mean age: 54.64 ± 9.9 years;81% males) with coronary artery disease were analyzed. Findings revealed that diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.036), and low ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of complex coronary artery disease as measured by Syntax score. Significant associations were also evident between severity of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001). Conversely, other cardiovascular risk factors including body-mass index, alcohol habits, wait-hip ratio, and ejection fraction did not exhibit significant associations with severity and complexity of coronary artery. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of coronary artery can be predicated by evaluating diabetes, hypertension, and smoking habits in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In addition, ankle-brachial index can be used as an effective non-invasive bed-side tool, as an alternative to Syntax score, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease.

Ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity are risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes

The incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes is increasing. While brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （BaPWV） and ankle-bra- chial index （ABI） are known to be associated with ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, whether these measures predict the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients remains unclear. 117 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. According to the results of head magnetic resonance imaging, the patients were divided into a diabetes-only group （n = 55） and a diabetes and ischemic stroke group （n = 62）. We then performed ABI and BaPWV examinations for all patients. Compared with the diabe- tes-only group, we found decreased ABI and increased BaPWV in the diabetes and ischemic stroke group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that BaPWV and ABI were risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate that decreased ABI and increased BaPWV are objective indicators of increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Ankle-brachial index as a predictor of all-cause and cardio- vascular disease mortality in 3733 Chinese patients with high cardiovascular risk

Objective To assess the association between 1-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease （CVD） mortality and ankle-brachial index （ABI） in Chinese patients who were at high CVD risk. Methods Totally 3733 patients with high CV risk had bilateral ABI measurements at baseline and were followed up for 1-1.5 years. Patients were divided to four groups： 1） coronary heart disease （CHD）; 2） ischemic stroke （IS）; 3） diabetes mellitus （DM）; 4） very high risk group（VHR）, low ABI was defined as 〈0.9. Results A total of 3179 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of low ABI was 28.1%. At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 8.7%, and 27.6% was attributable to CVD; mortality due to CV events was 4.8% and 1.5%. After adjusting other risk factors the hazard ratio of low ABI was 1.623 for all-cause mortality and 2.304 for CVD mortality. Similar in patient with and without low ABI, respectively were found in four groups.Conclusion ABI is a strong and independent predictor ofrnortality. Patients with a low ABI have a substantially increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality （J Geriatr Cardio12010; 7：17-20）.

Association of Race and Change in Ankle-Brachial Index: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort

Objective: This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with change in ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (PON1, PON2 and PON3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods: This longitudinal study included 11,992 (N = 2952 Black, N = 9040 White) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort with PON genotyping. Mixed-effects models examined whether race was associated with change in ABI over time after adjustment for known peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors. Results: Change in ABI over time differed between Whites and Blacks (race-time interaction, p < 0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that ABI values were better in both Blacks and Whites who completed high school or more education compared to those who completed less education. None of the PON SNPs met the significance level (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: ABI differences by race were small and although statistically significant, may not be clinically significant. Change in ABI over time varies by race and may be modified by education. Results suggest that higher education may influence the lifestyle and behavioral choices contributing to better ABI in both Blacks and Whites. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.

Screening of Peripheral Artery Disease by Systematic Measurement of Ankle-Brachial Index among Diabetic Patients in Dakar

Introduction: The peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the chronic and frightening vascular complications of the diabetes whose tracking can be done by the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement. We conducted in this context a study which consisted in measuring the ABI among hospitalized diabetic patients at Teaching Hospital of Pikine in Dakar, over 18 months’ duration. The aim was to determine the prevalence and evaluate factors correlated to the presence of the PAD. Patients and Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study interested the whole of diabetic patients hospitalized in Internal Medicine/Endocrinology Department, from January 2013 to June 2014. We carried out a complete clinical examination associated with ABI measurement by a Doppler probe for each included patient after having collected the clinical and paraclinical data. Results: Our population of study comprised 209 diabetic patients with a female predominance (126, 60.3%). The sex-ratio man/woman was 0.6. The median age of the population of study was 54 ± 2 years. In our series, 157 (75.1%) patients discovered their diabetes with the waning of an affection while the 52 (24.9%) other patients discovered their diabetes at the time of a systematic assessment. The PAD appeared by an intermittent claudication among 38 patients (18.2%). The ABI was normal for 126 patients (60.3%). The ABI was low for 51 patients (24.4%), unilateral in 3.8% of cases and bilateral in 20.6% of cases. The ABI was high among 32 patients (15.3%), unilateral in 7.2% of cases and bilateral in 8.1% of cases. The ABI extremes values were 0.11 and 2. In the population of study, 46 patients (22%) had a well-compensated PAD. The PAD was low compensated for 3 patients (1.4%) and severe for 2 patients (1%). The ABI was more frequent and significantly among women than men, with 32 cases (25.4%) against 19 (22.9%) cases (p = 0.021). The proportion of low ABI was more important among patients whose diabetes had evolved for more than 5 years (42.3% of cases) with a peak of frequency in the duration of 6 - 10 years (47.7% of cases). Conclusion: The PAD global prevalence among hospitalized diabetic patients appeared high with 24.4% patients presenting low ABI. Its early diagnosis among subjects at risk as for our study population allowed identifying asymptomatic subjects having another cardiovascular damage. Thus, the screening of obstructive arteriopathy of lower limb PAD by the measurement of ABI should be applied to all diabetic patients for a better assessment of atherosclerotic complication.

Association between Systolic Blood Pressure Difference ≥10 mm Hg and Ankle-Brachial Index

Background: In new outpatients, blood pressure should be measured in both arms. A previous study reported that an inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (ΔSBP) of ≥10 mm Hg is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Aim: The aim was to identify the associations with absolute values of ΔSBP (|ΔSBP|) ≥10 mm Hg. Subjects and Methods: This study included 2481 patients. Patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were defined as obese. The group of A was defined as following: ankle-brachial index (ABI) was <0.9 or ≥1.3. ΔSBP was expressed as right arm BP minus left arm BP. |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg were analyzed using multivariate logistic analysis. Results: |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg was found in 6.0% of patients and |ΔSBP| < 5 mm Hg in 80.4%. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) of the associations with |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg were significantly associated with abnormal ABI and obesity regardless of sex and age. Moreover, the OR of the combined effects of abnormal ABI and obesity was higher than that of abnormal ABI and obesity alone. Conclusion: |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg was associated with abnormal ABI and obesity. In a primary care setting, blood pressure should be actively measured in both arms. This study suggests that the associations with |ΔSBP| ≥10 mm Hg may be a useful part of screening for abnormal ABI.

Ankle-Brachial Index in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:A Senegalese Case-Control Study

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increasing cardiovascular risk which is recognized as a major cause of morbidity and death. Whether subclinical atherosclerosis has been evaluated by several methods, there are very limited data about Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of the present study was to compare this index, between SLE patients and controls. We conducted a case-control study in the Department of Internal Medicine of our institution during the period from August 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. We included 100 subjects, including 50 SLE patients and 50 control cases. This included 44 women and 6 men in patients with an identical distribution in controls. The mean age was 33.5 ± 11.3 years for cases and 33.3 ± 11.3 years (p-value: 0.93) for controls subjects. There was higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia (p-value at 0.009), low level of serum HDL-cholesterol (p-value??0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p-value at 0.000) and hyperuricemia (p-value at 0.000) in patients with SLE. Overweight/obesity was higher in controls subjects (p-value at 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of diabetes-mellitus, smoking and high blood pressure. The abnormally ABI was recorded in 19 patients with SLE (38%) and 8 controls (16%) with a p-value: 0.01 and odds ratio: 3.22. Eight patients (16%) and four controls (8%) had low ABI without significant difference (p-value: 0.11 but odds-ratio at 2.98). Eleven patients with SLE (22%) and five controls (10%) had high ABI (p-value: 0.05 and odds-ratio: 3.24). In patients with SLE only disease activity (cSLEDAI) at the inclusion of the study was correlated?to abnormal ABI.?Conclusion:?This study showed an increasing prevalence of abnormal ABI in black African patients with SLE compared to controls with a correlation between disease activity and abnormal ABI.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on BI index, GCS, SAS and SDS in patients with craniocerebral injury

Objective: To research and analyze the effect of psychological nursing intervention on self-rating depression (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Glasgow Score (GCS), Barthel index (Barthel, index, BI) of patients. Methods: From September 2015 to September 2016, 84 patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to our hospital were divided into observation group (n = 42) and control group (n = 42) according to randomized single blindness method. All patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The control group was given routine nursing care, while the observation group was treated by psychological nursing intervention. Results: The scores of GCS in the observation group after 2 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment were respectively (7.79±1.42), (11.86±2.56) which were higher than those in the control group (6.23±1.01), (8.21±1.65) the data show significant difference. After treatment, the scores of SDS and SAS in the observation group were respectively (39.14±1.21), (41.67±1.12) which were lower than those in the control group (45.56±2.50), (56.89±2.47) the data show significant difference. The BI index of the observation group was (43.29±4.63), which was higher than that of the control group (36.83±3.10), the scores of NFD was (23.12±1.01) in the observation group, which was lower than that in the control group (28.45±1.67), the data were statistically significant. Conclusion: Psychological care intervention in patients with craniocerebral injury treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy is helpful to improve the adverse psychological state and consciousness state, improve the ability of daily living activities and promote the recovery of neurological function. It can be actively promoted and applied in clinical practice.

基于多级特征提取的BiLSTM短期光伏出力预测

传统光伏预测模型易受气象数据波动的影响,且对气象特征不敏感。由此,提出基于多级特征提取的BiLSTM短期光伏出力预测方法,用于预测不同天气类型下的光伏出力。首先,选取与光伏出力相关性较高的气象因素作为输入特征;使用模糊C均值(FCM)聚类方法,对样本进行灵活划分,通过计算Xie-Beni指标以确定最佳聚类数,将历史数据集聚类为晴天、少云天、晴转多云、阴雨天和恶劣天气;其次,构建CNN-CBAM-TCN多级特征提取器(MFE):利用卷积神经网络(CNN)进行初步的特征提取,结合卷积注意力块(CBAM)抑制非重要特征,之后,利用时间卷积网络(TCN)进一步捕捉日内光伏出力的时序特征;最后,借助双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)进行光伏出力预测。在实例分析中,验证了使用Xie-Beni指标确定最佳聚类数的有效性,证明了该模型较其他预测模型在复杂天气类型下具有更高预测精度。

右美托咪定对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者麻醉诱导期BIS和血流动力学的影响

目的观察新型α2肾上腺素受体激动剂右美托咪定对冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）麻醉诱导期患者脑电双频谱指数（bispectral index,BIS）及血流动力学的影响。方法 2010年6月11日~7月30日30例择期CABG（年龄50~70岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级）随机双盲分为2组：Dex组（n=15）,右美托咪定1μg.kg-1,稀释30 ml静脉泵注（15 min）,继以0.5μg.kg-1.h-1维持输注;对照组（n=15）,生理盐水30 ml,方法同Dex组。监测BIS值,收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）、舒张压（diastolic blood pressure,DBP）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）、心率（heart rate,HR）,以给药前（T0）、给药后3 min（T1）、6 min（T2）、9 min（T3）、12 min（T4）、15 min（T5）、插管前（T6）、插管结束后1 min（T7）、插管结束后3 min（T8）作为观察记录点。结果麻醉前2组BIS值分别为94.8±2.8和96.3±2.9,无统计学差异（t=-1.441,P=0.161）;与给药前比较,Dex组给药后BIS值逐渐下降,9 min后（T3）下降至84.8±9.7（P=0.034）,15 min后（T5）下降至71.4±13.6（P=0.000）;对照组给药后15 min（T5）BIS值为90.9±4.1,与给药前比较无明显变化,但显著高于Dex组（t=-5.317,P=0.000）。Dex组给药后15 min后（T5）HR明显减慢,由给药前（T0）（64.7±16.4）次/min减至（57.0±11.9）次/min（P=0.024）,但与对照组无明显差异（P〉0.05）;MAP由（101.2±15.1）mm Hg到（100.8±18.8）mm Hg,无明显变化（P=0.927）。麻醉诱导期间,对照组插管后SBP、DBP、MAP、HR值较插管前均有升高,插管后1 min（T7）上述各指标分别为（136.1±36.6）mm Hg（P=0.130）,（75.3±15.5）mm Hg（P=0.000）,（94.4±20.0）mm Hg（P=0.000）,（66.2±13.7）次/min（P=0.009）,插管后3 min（T8）上述各指标分别为（143.5±30.5）mm Hg（P=0.003）,（71.4±12.1）mm Hg（P=0.002）,（92.4±14.8）mm Hg（P=0.002）,（60.1±13.0）次/min（P=0.387）;但Dex组无明显变化（P〉0.05）。结论右美托咪定以负荷剂量1.0μg.kg-1继以0.5μg.kg-1.h-1维持输注对CABG患者产生明显镇静效应,能使BIS值降低,同时降低心率,能维持麻醉诱导期间的血流动力学稳定,减轻插管反应。

BIS监测预防全凭静脉麻醉下术中知晓的多中心研究

目的 评估BIS监测在丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉（total intravenous anesthesia,TIVA）下预防术中知晓的作用,探讨术中知晓的可能原因。方法 采用多中心、大样本、前瞻性的随机、双盲、分组对照研究方法,患者（年龄≥16岁）被随机分为BIS监测指导组（A组,监测并维持BIS值40-60）和对照组（B组,监测BIS但遮挡显示屏）。分别于术后第1天和第4天随访,由独立的评估委员会作明确和可疑知晓的判断。术后间隔一定时间导出BIS数据,分析明确知晓病例的BIS趋势以判断是否存在浅麻醉。明确两组知晓的发生率。结果 共收集5 228例有效病例,其中A组2 919例,B组2 309例。明确知晓病例A组4例（0.14%）,B组15例（0.65%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.002,OR=0.21,95%置信区间：0.07-0.63）。两组可疑知晓（A组0.14%,B组0.26%,P=0.485）和做梦（A组3.1%,B组3.1%,P=0.986）的发生率差异无统计学意义。19例明确知晓病例的术中BIS趋势和麻醉总结显示,8例（A组3例,B组5例）无BIS及知晓原因分析;6例获取了相应的BIS趋势图,其中5例（A组1例,B组4例）BIS趋势提示有明确浅麻醉表现,1例（B组）BIS基本稳定于60及以下;其余5例（B组）知晓经主管麻醉医生回顾,有术中浅麻醉和BIS波动且升高〉60的情况。结论 行BIS监测并维持BIS值40-60可有效减少TIVA术中知晓的发生。发生知晓的主要原因为术中浅麻醉。

高压氧疗法对颅脑损伤患者BI指数、GCS、SAS、SDS的影响

目的:分析心理护理干预对颅脑损伤高压氧治疗患者的干预效果及对患者抑郁自评量表(Selfrating Depression Scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、格拉斯哥评分(GCS)、Barthel指数(Barthel,index,BI)的影响。方法:收集2015年9月~2016年9月我院收治的颅脑损伤患者84例,按照随机单盲法分为观察组(n=42)和对照组(n=42),均给予高压氧治疗,对照组给予常规护理,观察组实施心理护理干预。结果:治疗后2、8周,观察组患者GCS评分[(7.79±1.42)、(11.86±2.56)分],高于对照组[(6.23±1.01)、(8.21±1.65)分](P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者SAS、SDS评分[(39.14±1.21)、(41.67±1.12)分]低于对照组[(45.56±2.50)、(56.89±2.47)分](P<0.05);观察组BI指数对照组,NFD评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对高压氧治疗的颅脑损伤患者,心理护理干预有利于改善不良心理状态和意识状态,提高日常生活活动能力,促进神经功能恢复,可在临床积极推广和应用。

全身麻醉中肌电活动的变化对BIS监测准确性的影响

目的 探讨全麻维持过程中 ,肌电活动变化对双频谱指数 (BIS)监测准确性的影响。方法 14例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ妇科择期手术患者以异丙酚 (血浆靶浓度 :3 5 μg/ml)、芬太尼 (3μg/kg)、万可松 (0 1mg/kg)行诱导插管 ;之后 ,调整异丙酚血浆靶浓度以维持BIS值在 4 0～6 0之间 ,固定此靶浓度不变。持续监测双频谱指数 (BIS)、肌电图 (EMG)、信号质量指数 (SQI)。在保持异丙酚血浆靶浓度不变的情况下 ,随着肌松作用的减退 ,BIS逐渐升高 ,当满足观察条件 (BIS>70持续 30s以上 ,且EMG >4 0 )时 ,记录此后 5min内的BIS、EMG、SQI、平均动脉压 (MAP)、心率 (HR) ;随后静注追加万可松 0 0 5mg/kg并记录此后 10min内上述参数值。结果 静注万可松 3min后 ,BIS值显著降低 (P <0 0 0 1) ,EMG降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,SQI升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;各观察点MAP、HR差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 在麻醉维持过程中 ,肌松作用减退导致的肌电活动增加可引起BIS假性升高 ,从而影响BIS监测的准确性。

喉罩置入和视可尼喉镜气管插管在全麻诱导期对循环和BIS影响的比较

目的比较全麻诱导期喉罩置入和视可尼气管内插管对患者心血管反应和脑电双频指数(BIS)的影响。方法选择择期行鼻内窥镜全麻手术的患者60例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为喉罩置入组(Ⅰ组)和视可尼气管插管组(Ⅱ组),每组30例。麻醉诱导和维持采用靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼全静脉麻醉。比较各组患者诱导前(T1),诱导后(T2),喉罩置入或视可尼气管插管后即刻(T3)、1min(T4)、3min(T5)、5min(T6)时平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、BIS值的变化。结果Ⅰ组喉罩置入前后MAP、HR、BIS值组内比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅱ组T3、T4、T5的MAP、HR较T2时点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但BIS值明显升高(P<0.05),且在T3、T4、T5时明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论在相同麻醉深度下,全麻诱导期使用喉罩置入或视可尼气管内插管均可保持患者循环系统稳定,但视可尼气管内插管可使中枢神经兴奋性增高。

不同剂量地佐辛对气管插管下全麻手术患者脑电图波和BIS指数的影响

目的探讨不同剂量地佐辛对全麻下气管插管患者脑电图波和脑电双频指数（BIS）的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2014年1月安徽医科大学第二附属医院手术室气管插管下全麻手术患者69例,根据地佐辛不同剂量将患者分为低剂量（0.05 mg/kg）组21例、中剂量（0.1 mg/kg）组25例、高剂量（0.2 mg/kg）组23例,比较三组患者脑电图（EGoC）分级、脑电图αβ波相对功率值（αβ%）、Narcotrend麻醉深度指数（NT指数）、BIS指数的差异。结果高剂量组脑电图分级异常率明显高于低剂量组和中剂量组（P〈0.05）,但低剂量组和中剂量组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;用药后2 min,高剂量组患者αβ%明显低于低剂量组和中剂量组（P〈0.05）,且较插管前和插管后2 min明显降低（P〈0.05）;NT指数组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,由大至小为：高剂量组〈中剂量组〈低剂量组,且高、中剂量组患者较插管前和插管后2 min明显降低（P〈0.05）;插管或用药后2 min,高剂量组BIS指数明显低于低剂量组和中剂量组,且用药后2 min,全部患者BIS指数较插管前和插管后2 min均明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论 0.05~0.1 mg/kg地佐辛对气管插管下全麻手术患者脑电图波和BIS指数影响较小,高剂量对其影响作用较大。

BIS与CSI在小儿七氟醚麻醉中的临床观察

目的探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)与麻醉意识深度指数(CSI)变化在小儿七氟醚麻醉深度监测的应用价值。方法择期全麻下行眼科手术小儿患者26例,年龄3～12岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。七氟醚吸入诱导,插入可弯喉罩,术中间歇正压通气(IPPV),吸入七氟醚,静脉泵注0.1～0.2μg/(kg·min)瑞芬太尼,间断追加维库溴铵维持肌松。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插入喉罩后即刻(T2)、呼末七氟醚浓度1%(T3)、1.5%(T4)、2%(T5)、2.5%(T6)及苏醒时(T7)的HR、BP、BIS、CSI值。结果与T0相比,T1、T2时BIS、CSI、MAP均显著降低(P<0.05),而HR无明显变化。T1、T2时CSI显著高于同时点的BIS值(P<0.05)。术中BIS和CSI随七氟醚浓度增加而明显降低(P<0.05),与七氟醚spearman等级相关系数r分别为-0.93、-0.90(P<0.01),而MAP、HR相关系数为-0.56、-0.42。T7时CSI值显著高于BIS值(P<0.05)。结论随七氟醚浓度增加,小儿的BIS与CSI值均逐渐降低,与七氟醚浓度呈显著负相关。与BIS相比,CSI在深麻醉时数值下降趋缓,而苏醒期回升速度较快。两者性能均优于HR和BP。

BIS靶控输注丙泊酚或依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼对子宫切除术麻醉效果的分析

目的探讨脑电双频指数(BIS),指导下丙泊酚或依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注对子宫切除术麻醉效果的影响。方法选取2014年2月至2016年9月济南军区总医院94例宫颈癌手术患者,采用随机数字法分为研究组和对照组,每组各47例。经过常规诱导后,研究组持续泵入依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼,对照组持续泵入丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼。观察并比较两组患者术中麻醉效果。结果研究组和对照组术中心率、收缩压、舒张压差异无统计学意义(F值分别为1.34、1.42、1.21,均P>0.05),两组患者平均清醒时间、麻醉诱导时间和拔管时间差异均无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为0.51、-0.97、0.31,均P>0.05)。研究组患者术后肌肉震颤、躁动的发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为3.86、5.28,均P<0.05),两组患者呕吐、恶心的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为0.34、1.01,均P>0.05)。结论 BIS指导下依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注对子宫切除术麻醉效果良好,安全高效并且对心血管影响小,临床价值较高。

BIS监测下小儿尿道下裂修复术中静吸复合麻醉的临床研究

目的比较丙泊酚或(和)七氟醚麻醉对小儿尿道下裂修复术中血流动力学、脑电双频指数(BIS)及麻醉复苏情况的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2017年6月在佛山市南海区妇幼保健院择期行尿道下裂修复术1~8岁患儿120例,按随机数表法分为丙泊酚组(P组)、七氟醚组(S组)及丙泊酚联合七氟醚组(C组),每组40例。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后2 min(T1)、插入喉罩后即刻(T2)、插人喉罩后5 min(T3)、手术切皮(T4)、术中20 min(T5)和拔除喉罩时(T6)时间点的BIS、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),手术时间、呼吸恢复时间、意识恢复时间、拔除喉罩的时间,术中知晓、术后喉痉挛、恶心、呕吐情况和术后躁动情况。结果 T4时S组与P组MAP比较,P组较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T1时S组与C组、P组的BIS比较,C组下降较快,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后呼吸恢复时间S组与P组、C组比较,P组最快,C组次之,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);意识恢复时间和拔除喉罩时间方面,C组与P组、S组比较,C组均为最快,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后躁动发生率S组与P组比较,S组躁动率最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚复合七氟醚麻醉血流动力学稳定,术后呼吸恢复较快、苏醒时间及拔除喉罩时间均最快,术后躁动率低,结合BIS作为小儿麻醉深度监测,可为小儿尿道下裂手术提供科学、可靠的麻醉方法。

全凭静脉麻醉下不同BIS值对老年胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者围术期神经认知功能的影响

目的 探讨全凭静脉麻醉下不同镇静深度对老年胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者围术期神经认知功能的影响。方法 选取98例2020年10月至2021年4月期间新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院实施胃肠道恶性肿瘤手术的65岁以上的老年患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为低脑电双频指数(Bispectral index,BIS)组和高BIS组,每组各49例。采用全凭静脉麻醉,术中均通过BIS指导镇静深度。统计两组患者术后7 d内谵妄(Postoperativedelirium,POD)和术后30 d内围术期神经认知障碍(Perioperative neurocognitive disorders,PND)的发生率,同时酶联接免疫吸附测定法(Enzyme-Linkedlmmunosorbnent Assay,ELISA)测定麻醉诱导前(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后24 h (T3)、术后72 h(T4)和术后7 d(T5)的S-100β蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)水平;采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应技术(PCR-RFLP)检测患者的ApoE基因型;采用流式细胞技术测定两组患者5个时间点的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、人类白细胞抗原-DR^(+)CD4^(+)(Human leukocyte antigen-DR^(+)CD4^(+),HLA^(-)DR^(+)CD4^(+))、人类白细胞抗原-DR^(+)CD8^(+)(Human leukocyte antigen-DR^(+)CD8^(+),HLA^(-)DR^(+)CD8^(+))水平。结果 两组患者组内与组间各点PND与POD的发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组间S-100β蛋白、NSE、IL-6和TNF-α水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间患者的CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、HLA^(-)DR^(+)CD4^(+)、HLA^(-)DR^(+)CD8^(+)水平在不同时间点无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),但组内比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 全凭静脉麻醉下维持不同的镇静深度对老年胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者短期内的围术期神经认知功能无显著影响。