固定化脂肪酶ANL-MARE催化酸解合成1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯

1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(OPL)是人乳中主要的脂质组成,为满足婴幼儿配方食品母乳化需求,该试验探究了新型固定化脂肪酶ANL-MARE催化制备OPL的方法。试验成功制备和表征了固定化酶ANLMARE,并以ANL-MARE为生物催化剂,建立了一种用三棕榈酸甘油三酯(PPP)、油酸(OA)和亚油酸(LA)高效酶催化制备富含OPL结构脂的方法。经单因素和响应面试验优化,获得OPL最优合成工艺为:PPP与总脂肪酸的摩尔比1:14.27,OA与LA摩尔比为1:0.76,脂肪酶添加量12.70%,反应温度50℃,反应4 h,此条件下产物中OPL相对含量为47.93%,2位棕榈酸(sn-2 PA)占总棕榈酸(PA)的质量分数(sn-2 PA相对含量)为71.69%。此外,固定化酶ANL-MARE与商业脂肪酶相比,表现出较好的催化合成OPL的活性。综上所述,固定化酶ANL-MARE具有催化制备OPL结构脂的重大潜力,为人乳脂替代脂的高效制备提供了新策略和理论基础。

Anle138b对oAβ_(1-42)诱导海马神经元突触毒性作用影响

目的探究Anle138b对慢性β淀粉样蛋白寡聚体1-42(oAβ_(1-42))诱导的海马神经元突触毒性作用影响。方法培养原代海马神经元细胞,细胞发育成熟后分为对照组(不进行任何处理)、oAβ_(1-42)组(100 nmol/L oAβ_(1-42)处理7 d)、Anle138b组(50 nmol/L Anle138b处理2 d)、oAβ_(1-42)+Anle138b组(100 nmol/L oAβ_(1-42)+50 nmol/L Anle138b共处理7 d)、oAβ_(1-42)+Anle138b 2 d组(100 nmol/L oAβ_(1-42)处理7 d,在oAβ_(1-42)处理的最后2 d加用50 nmol/L Anle138b)。各组处理结束后,应用单细胞膜片钳技术检测自发性兴奋性突触后电流(sEPSCs)的幅值、频率、半衰减时间。结果各组海马神经元细胞sEPSCs幅值、半衰减时间比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.215、1.043,P>0.05)。各组sEPSCs频率比较差异有统计学意义(F=15.490,P<0.001),两两比较显示,oAβ_(1-42)组的sEPSCs频率较对照组明显增加(q=6.507,P<0.001),oAβ_(1-42)+Anle138b组和oAβ_(1-42)+Anle138b 2 d组的sEPSCs频率较oAβ_(1-42)组明显降低(q=9.517、9.471,P<0.001),其他组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Anle138b不仅可以预防慢性oAβ_(1-42)诱导的海马神经元细胞突触毒性作用,还可以消除慢性oAβ_(1-42)诱导的海马神经元细胞突触毒性作用。

Ecosystem carbon storage and sink/source of temperate forested wetlands in Xiaoxing’anling, northeast China

Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle, but there are still considerable uncertainties in the estimation of wetland carbon storage and a dispute on whether wetlands are carbon sources or carbon sinks. Xiaoxing’anling are one of several concentrated distribution areas of forested wetland in China, but the carbon storage and carbon sink/source of forested wetlands in this area is unclear. We measured the ecosystem carbon storage (vegetation and soil), annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation and annual carbon emissions of soil heterotrophic respiration of five typical forested wetland types (alder swamp, white birch swamp, larch swamp, larch fen, and larch bog) distributed along a moisture gradient in this area in order to reveal the spatial variations of their carbon storage and quantitatively evaluate their position as carbon sink or source according to the net carbon balance of the ecosystems. The results show that the larch fen had high carbon storage (448.8 t ha^(−1)) (6.8% higher than the larch bog and 10.5–30.1% significantly higher than other three wetlands (P < 0.05), the white birch swamp and larch bog were medium carbon storage ecosystems (406.3 and 420.1 t ha^(−1)) (12.4–21.8% significantly higher than the other two types (P < 0.0 5), while the alder swamp and larch swamp were low in carbon storage (345.0 and 361.5 t ha^(−1), respectively). The carbon pools of the five wetlands were dominated by their soil carbon pools (88.5–94.5%), and the vegetation carbon pool was secondary (5.5–11.5%). At the same time, their ecosystem net carbon balances were positive (0.1–0.6 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) because the annual net carbon sequestration of vegetation (4.0–4.5 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) were higher than the annual carbon emissions of soil heterotrophic respiration (CO_(2) and CH_(4)) (3.8–4.4 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) in four wetlands, (the alder swamp being the exception), so all four were carbon sinks while only the alder swamp was a source of carbon emissions (− 2.1 t ha^(−1) a^(−1)) due to a degraded tree layer. Our results demonstrate that these forested wetlands were generally carbon sinks in the Xiaoxing’anling, and there was obvious spatial variation in carbon storage of ecosystems along the moisture gradient.

Study of seasonal snow cover influencing the ground thermal regime on western flank of Da Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China

Although many studies relevant to snow cover and permafrost have focused on alpine, arctic, and subarctic areas, there is still a lack of understanding of the influences of seasonal snow cover on the thermal regime of the soils in permafrost regions in the mid-latitudes and boreal regions, such as that on the westem flank of the Da Xing＇anling （Hinggan） Mountains, northeastern China. This paper gives a detailed analysis on meteorological data series from 2001 to 2010 provided by the Gen＇he Weather Station, which is located in a talik of discontinuous permafrost zone and with sparse meadow on the observation field. It is inferred that snow cover is important for the ground thermal regime in the middle Da Xing＇anling Mountains. Snow cover of 10-cm in thickness and five to six months in duration （generally November to next March） can reduce the heat loss from the ground to the atmosphere by 28%, and by 71% if the snow depth increases to 36 cm. Moreover, the occurrence of snow cover resulted in mean annual ground surface temperatures 4.7-8.2℃ higher than the mean annual air temperatures recorded at the Gen＇he Weather Station, The beginning date for stable snow cover establishment （SE date） and the initial snow depth （SDi） also had a great influences on the ground freezing process. Heavy snowfall before ground surface freeze-up could postpone and retard the freezing process in Gen＇he. As a result, the duration of ground freezing was shortened by at least 20 days and the maximum depth of frost penetration was as much as 90 cm shallower.

Classification,metallogenesis and exploration of silver deposits in Daxing’anling of Inner Mongolia and its adjacent areas

By the end of 2020,83 silver deposits(or ore occurrences),including four super-large-scale deposits,nine large-scale deposits,33 medium-scale deposits and 37 small-scale deposits or ore occurrences,have been proved.The amount of silver metal exceeds 86000 t with average grade of 100 g/t,which makes Daxing’anling region one of the the most important silver ore belt in China.However,the metallogenic characteristics and metallogenesis need to be clarified.The silver deposits in the study area are classified into three main types,which are magmatic hydrothermal vein type,continental volcano-subvolcanic type and skarn type,respectively.The supergiant deposits include the Shuangjianzishan deposit(silver metal amount of 15214 t with average grade of 138 g/t),the Baiyinchagandongshan deposit(silver metal amount of 9446 t with average grade of 187 g/t),the Huaobaote deposit(silver metal amount of 6852 t with average grade of 170 g/t),and the Fuxingtun deposit(silver metal amount of 5240 t with average grade of 196 g/t).The silver deposits are mainly distributed in the central and south of the Daxing’anling area,and mainly formed in the Yanshanian period.The silver polymetallic deposits in the Daxinganling area are significantly controlled by regional faults and the junction zone of volcanic rock basins and their margins.The north-east trending deep faults are the most important ore-controlling structures in this area.The distribution of silver polymetallic deposits along the main faults is obvious,and the intersection area of multiple groups of faults often form important mine catchments.The Permian is the most important ore-bearing formation in this area,but some important silver polymetallic deposits occur in Mesozoic volcanic basins or pre-Mesozoic strata.The magmatic rocks related to mineralization are mainly intermediate acidic or acidic intrusions,intermediate acidic lavas,pyroclastic rocks,and small intrusions of ultra-shallow or shallow facies of the Yanshanian Period.The mineralization element combination is mainly determined by the elemental geochemical background of surrounding rocks or source layers.In addition,the type of deposit,the distance from the mineralization center,and the degree of differentiation of ore-forming rock mass are also important influence factors.The article analyzes the prospecting prospects of each silver deposit type in the study area,discusses the relationship between mineralization center and deep prospecting,and proposes that porphyry silver deposits should be paid attention to.In the prospecting and exploration of silver deposits,comprehensive evaluation and multi-target prospecting need to be strengthened because silver can coexist or be associated with a variety of metals.

Anle138b对慢性AβOs诱导海马神经元毒性作用影响

目的观察二苯基吡唑化合物Anle138b对β淀粉样蛋白寡聚体(AβOs)诱导的海马神经元毒性作用的影响。方法原代培养的海马神经元细胞成熟后,将其分为空白对照组、AβOs处理组(用0.1μmol/L AβOs处理7 d)和Anle138b处理组(用0.1μmol/L AβOs处理7 d,在AβOs处理的后2 d加用0.1μmol/L Anle138b)。使用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测细胞损伤情况,采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-3的表达。结果与空白对照组相比较,AβOs处理组海马神经元细胞LDH释放量增加(F=14.810,q=7.481,P<0.01),凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-3的表达升高(F=6.677,q=4.816,P<0.05)。与AβOs处理组相比,Anle138b处理组海马神经元细胞LDH释放量降低(q=5.310,P<0.05),凋亡蛋白cleaved caspase-3的表达有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Anle138b在慢性AβOs诱导的海马神经元凋亡模型中具有一定的保护作用。

高频陡降型听损患者助听前后ANL的研究

目的探讨可接受噪声级(acceptable noise level,ANL)测试是否适用于评估高频陡降型听力损失人群的助听器选配效果。方法选取佩戴助听器半年以上的20位高频陡降型的听障患者,对其进行裸耳和助听后的ANL测试、助听情况下的Speechmap测试,通过软件SPSS19.0分析对比助听前后的ANL值和真耳分析的测试结果,比较其差异性,评估助听器效果,得出结果。结果 (1)20位听障者在裸耳状态时最舒适响度级(most comfortable level,MCL)为80.70±8.05d B HL,助听情况下MCL为65.80±9.03d B HL,具有统计学意义;裸耳状态下背景噪声级(back-ground noise level,BNL)值为73.75±7.16d B HL,助听后BNL值为59.25±6.93d B HL,该结果具有统计学意义(P<0.001),而助听前后ANL值分别为6.95±4.20 d B HL和6.55±4.21 d B HL,该结果无统计学意义(P<0.05),表明患者ANL值与配戴助听器与否无相关性;(2)助听后Speechmap得分验证了裸耳ANL值小于7d B HL时,助听效果很好;但裸耳ANL值大于7d B HL时患者Speechmap得分偏低,助听效果不好。结论通过测试裸耳的可接受噪声级(ANL值)可以较为准确地预测高频陡降型听力损失患者选配助听器的效果,并对此类患者是否选配助听器进行指导。

Anle138b对oAβ_(1-42)诱导大鼠海马神经元线粒体功能损伤的影响

目的探究Anle138b对慢性β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)诱导的海马神经元线粒体功能损伤的影响。方法取出生24 h以内的SD乳鼠,原代培养海马神经元,待细胞成熟将其分为对照组(不进行任何处理)、oAβ_(1-42)组(100 nmol/L oAβ_(1-42)处理7 d)、oAβ_(1-42)+Anle138b组(100 nmol/L oAβ_(1-42)+100 nmol/L Anle138b共处理7 d)、Anle138b组(100 nmol/L Anle138b处理7 d)。各组处理结束后,应用流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)阳性细胞的变化。结果析因设计的方差分析显示,oAβ_(1-42)和Anle138b的主效应明显(F_(oAβ1-42)=14.149、38.209,F_(Anle138b)=1.942、24.871,P<0.01),oAβ_(1-42)和Anle138b之间有交互性作用(F_(交互)=18.425、21.904,P<0.01)。单独效应分析显示,用oAβ_(1-42)处理时,Anle138b的处理效应明显(F=16.483、19.148,P<0.01);不用Anle138b处理时,oAβ_(1-42)的处理效应明显(F=14.149、38.209,P<0.01)。结论Anle138b可以减轻oAβ_(1-42)引起的海马神经元氧化应激和线粒体损伤,抑制oAβ_(1-42)对海马神经元的损伤。

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Variscan Granites of the Daitongshan Copper Deposit and Lamahanshan Polymetallic-Silver Deposit, Southern Daxing'anling, China

Daxing＇anling （大兴安岭） area is one of the regions that Phanerozoic granites are extremely developed in NW China. At present, the Hercynian granitoid research lags behind the Mesozoic granitoid research. In this article, we have taken systematic petrochemistry and geochronology researches on the Hercynian granitoids in Daitongshan （代铜山） copper deposit and Lamahanshan （喇嘛罕山） silver poly- metallic deposit, which were located at southern section of Daxing＇anling metallogenic belt. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating results show that, the granite aplites in Daitongshan and the gneissic granites inLamahanshan were formed at （265±5）-（268±9） Ma and （252±2）-（252.6±3.4） Ma, respectively, which were both the products of late Herynian tectonic-magmatic events. Samples from Lama- hanshan are characterized by high SiO2 （69.72 wt.%-74.65 wt.%）, high potassium （3.53 wt.%-4.55 wt.%） and low P205 （0.03 wt.%0.12 wt.%）, aluminum saturation index （A/CNK） range from 0.95 to 0.98, Rb, Nd and K are en- riched, whereas the elements such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti are depleted, which belong to I-type grani- toids. Characteristics of samples from Daitong- shan are similar to H-type granitoids. The magmasource may be mostly originated from the lithospheric mantle component which were transformated or affected by the subduction components, and its formation may be closely related with the subduction and orogenesis of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.

大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕农田微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术创新与应用

大兴安岭沿麓是我国重要的农畜产品生产基地,由于长期过度耕作和单一翻耕等不合理的耕作方式,加速了该地区农田风蚀退化、质量下降和产能降低,因此,减少土壤风蚀、提升农田地力和作物产量是农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。文章综述了不同类型生态区传统翻耕、长期免耕、合理轮耕技术及其应用效果,论述了翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀核心技术的内容及其对土壤风蚀、蓄水保墒、作物生长与产量等方面的影响,明确了微立垡覆盖是大兴安岭沿麓黑土区翻耕地冬春季风蚀防控的关键技术和途径。翻耕地微立垡覆盖阻风减蚀技术大面积应用效果显著,破解了长期以来翻耕农田裸露风蚀重、水土流失损失大导致农田逐步退化的科技难题,为大兴安岭沿麓及其生态类型相似区翻耕农田风蚀防控研究提供了重要支撑。

贵州望谟安乐萤石矿成矿规律及找矿标志分析

贵州望谟安乐萤石矿呈脉状、似层状赋存于二叠系上统吴家坪组张性断裂构造和三叠系罗楼组底部“硅化蚀变体”中。本文在总结该区萤石矿床地质特征的基础上,分析了矿床形成时期、空间分布规律、成矿物质来源、界面与构造控矿成矿规律。根据成矿规律分析结果,认为该区萤石矿与地层岩性(界面)、构造、围岩蚀变等地质条件相关,为浅成低温热液矿床,同时总结4个找矿标志,旨在为新一轮找矿突破战略行动萤石矿找矿工作提供参考。

乡村振兴背景下的村级产业布局与规划研究——以大关县安乐村为例

产业兴旺是乡村振兴的核心,实现乡村振兴首先要进行土地利用规划。为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接,通过实地调查、与相关人员访谈等,结合影像数据和GIS软件技术,分析了安乐村的优势与短板,对村域产业的布局进行了相关规划。结果表明:产业布局与规划要在土地权属明晰的前提下进行,采用“自下而上”为主,“自上而下”为辅的方式,村民参与下实现安乐村产业布局与规划,将村域范围划分筇竹、花椒、生态农业种植区、大棚蔬菜4个产业区,对现有资源进行优化和统筹发展,其结果有利于土地合理利用,为实现产业兴旺促进乡村全面振兴奠定坚实的土地基础。

大兴安岭地区寒地生物产业发展:优势、问题及对策

在全面停止天然林资源商业性采伐的背景下,大兴安岭地区产业结构亟须调整,寒地生物产业成为地区产业转型升级的关键。基于冷凉经济发展视角,根据相关统计数据及调研资料,阐述大兴安岭地区发展寒地生物产业的优势及产业现阶段实践现状,分析了产业融资困难、品牌竞争力弱、销售渠道狭窄、科学技术相对落后等问题,提出了大兴安岭地区加快探索和实践经济转型新路径、实现气候资源支撑下的后发优势的对策建议.

突变型β-连环蛋白基因对肝细胞增殖的影响

目的 :探讨突变型 β -连环蛋白基因对肝细胞增殖的影响。 方法 :用阳离子脂质体lipofectamine将突变型 β -连环蛋白基因导入小鼠肝细胞系AML12 ,建立AML12S33Y细胞系。用流式细胞仪和细胞计数比较这两种细胞的生长情况 ;比较这两种细胞在软琼脂中形成的克隆以及在免疫缺陷小鼠体内的成瘤情况。结果 :AML12细胞增殖明显快于AML12S33Y细胞 (P <0 0 1) ,提示突变型 β -连环蛋白能促进肝细胞的增殖。 4周后AML12S33Y细胞在软琼脂中可形成小克隆 ,但不能在免疫缺陷小鼠皮下形成肿瘤。结论 :突变型β -连环蛋白可以促进肝细胞增殖 ,但无致瘤性。

乡村振兴背景下农村合作社的发展前景和趋势探讨——以宁化县安乐镇为例

党的十九大报告中提出乡村振兴战略,这不仅为我国乡村的发展指明了方向,也给巩固脱贫成果提供了保障。文章以宁化县安乐镇为例,分析了安乐镇农村合作社发展中遇到的问题,并提出了相关的改善建议,以期为安乐镇农村合作社的发展提供依据。

北京安乐禅林建筑初探

安乐禅林是北京南城一处疑似始建于明代的佛教寺院,原为三进院落,现仅存两进、6栋文物建筑。安乐禅林虽为区级文物保护单位,但基本未被开展古建筑调研,没有专题研究成果。本文是在对其现状实测、文献查阅、碑文读释等基础上,挖掘安乐禅林古建筑群的历史信息和文物价值,探究其布局演变与形制做法,以期填补关于安乐禅林研究的不足,并作为对其持续研究和全面保护的参考依据。

Aβ通道在阿尔茨海默症发病过程中的作用及其机制

β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)产生的神经毒性是阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的主要发病机理。Aβ发挥毒性的一种机制是形成离子通道从而破坏细胞内Ca^(2+)动态平衡。研究表明,Aβ与质膜的相互作用定位于高胆固醇的脂筏结构域,Aβ通道形成与质膜上胆固醇的含量变化密切相关,胆固醇参与Aβ寡聚化,并形成神经毒性淀粉样蛋白通道,从而破坏了膜的完整性,改变了细胞内钙稳态。本综述将从Aβ通道的定位,装配,研究方法,作用机制,相关药物等方面论述,还总结了AD研究最新进展,阐明目前关于AD假说与离子通道假说之间的内部联系,为阐明AD发病机制并开发治疗阿尔茨海默症新型药物的研究方向提供思路。

一种基于时空联合的实时视频降噪算法

针对监控视频图像的特点,提出了一种基于时空联合的实时视频降噪算法。该算法通过结合多帧图像进行运动检测,自适应地区分图像的运动区域和静止区域,对静止区域采用时域加权均值滤波,对运动区域采用空域ANL滤波。实验结果表明,该算法由于准确地区分了图像的运动区域和静止区域,充分利用了视频的时域、空域信息,在不造成运动拖影的前提下,能够显著提高视频的信噪比和图像的主观质量,同时满足实时性要求。

大兴安岭呼中林业局森林景观格局变化及其驱动力

以大兴安岭呼中林业局为研究区,利用TM数据、森林资源清查数据和采伐统计资料,结合野外调查,以GIS为技术手段,剖析研究区1989～2000年景观变化,结果表明该区主要景观类型为针叶林、针阔混交林和阔叶林,这3种类型面积总比例达90%以上,其他景观类型面积比例小于10%,主要有荒草地、火烧迹地、采伐迹地、沼泽、居民点和道路.10a间景观由原有的大面积连续的针叶林为基质、小面积的阔叶林和针阔混交林斑块散布其中的格局,转变成大面积针阔混交林为基质的格局.研究区1989年是成过熟林、高公顷蓄积量、高郁闭度占优势的景观,2000年中幼龄林、低公顷蓄积量和低郁闭度森林面积增大,并趋于连续,形成低质量的相对均质化的景观.最后,结合历史资料,通过比较分析火烧、人工更新、土地利用和人为采伐活动这几种主要驱动力的特征,论证了采伐活动在该地区景观变化中所发挥的主导作用.