Annihilator Ideals of Indecomposable Modules of Finite-Dimensional Pointed Hopf Algebras of Rank One

Let H be a finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebra of rank one over an algebraically closed feld of characteristic zero.We describe all annihilator ideals of indecomposable H-modules by generators.In particular,we give the classification of all ideals of the finite-dimensional pointed rank one Hopf algebra of nilpotent type over the Klein 4-group.

Manipulating Skyrmion Motion on a Nanotrack with Varied Material Parameters and Tilted Spin Currents

Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasiparticles with nanoscale size and high mobility,which have potential applications in information storage and spintronic devices.The manipulation of skyrmion’s dynamics in the track is an important topic due to the skyrmion Hall effect,which can deviate the skyrmions from the preferred direction.We propose a new model based on the ferromagnetic skyrmion,where the skyrmion velocity can be well controlled by adjusting the direction of the current.Using this design,we can avoid the annihilation of the skyrmion induced by the skyrmion Hall effect,which is confirmed by our micromagnetic simulation based on Mumax^(3).In the meantime,we increase the average velocity of the skyrmion by varying the intrinsic material parameters in the track,where the simulations agree well with our analytical results based on the Thiele equation.Finally,we give a phase diagram of the output of the skyrmion in the T-type track,which provides some practical ways for design of logic gates by manipulating crystalline anisotropy through the electrical control.

Localized nonlinear waves in a myelinated nerve fiber with self-excitable membrane

We systematically study the evolution of modulated nerve impulses in a myelinated nerve fiber, where both the ionic current and membrane capacitance provide the necessary nonlinear feedbacks. This is achieved by using a perturbation technique, in which the Liénard form of the modified discrete Fitzhugh–Nagumo equation is reduced to the complex Ginzburg–Landau amplitude equation. Three distinct values of the capacitive feedback parameter are considered. At the critical value of the capacitive feedback parameter, it is shown that the dynamics of the system is governed by the dissipative nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. Linear stability analysis of the system depicts the instability of plane waves,which is manifested as burst of modulated nerve impulses that fulfills the Benjamin–Feir criteria. Variations of the capacitive feedback parameter generally influences the plane wave stability and hence the type of wave profile identified in the neural network. Results of numerical simulations mainly confirm the propagation, collision, and annihilation of nerve impulses in the myelinated axon.

The Electromagnetic Operator of Mass

Studying the source of particle properties is the most important goal for scientists, so it was necessary to use the means available to us, which is physical logic to study these properties. In this paper, you will examine how the type of coordinates in which electromagnetic fields are distributed can have a role in detecting particle properties, specifically using the Riemann-Silberstein vector. Because electromagnetism it deals with electric and magnetic fields together for any electromagnetic sentence, and when we study it according to multiple coordinates and study its derivation by changing coordinates, we discover how the electromagnetic sentences are transformed from one particle to another.

Study on the energy level limitations of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion with anthracene-isomerized dimers as annihilators

The enhancement in the efficiency of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)is mainly determined by the triplet energy transfer(TET)and triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)between the sensitizers and annihilators.The TET process works efficiently by adjusting the concentration ratio of the sensitizers and annihilators.The efficiency of TTA is determined by the properties of the annihilator.Because TTA is a Dexter-type energy transfer and is affected by the diffusion rate,the energy levels of the excited states and the molecular size are both crucial in TTA.In this study,four isomerized dimers of 9,10-diphenlanthracene(DPA)and anthracene(An)were designed and prepared as annihilators for TTA-UC.The singlet and triplet energy levels could be adjusted by altering the connection position while maintaining the molecular weight and size.When PtOEP was used as the sensitizer,the maximum upconversion efficiency of 9-[4-(9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-10-phenylanthracene(9DPA-9An)was~11.18%.This is four times higher than that of 9,10-diphenyl-2,9-bianthracene(2DPA-9An,2.63%).The calculation of the energies of T_(1)and the higher triplet state(T_(3),because E(T_(2))is similar to the E(T)of these dimers)for these dimers has provided insights into the underlying reasons.These indicated that the energy gap value of 2×E(T_(1))-E(T_(3))is the determining factor for TTA efficiency.This work may provide a better understanding of the excited-state energy levels,which is crucial for designing novel annihilators to enhance the TTA-UCefficiency.

The Principles of Causal Conspiracy

The human mind understands logical processes and causality and formulates theories based on logical descriptions of empirical evidence. The Principles of Causal Conspiracy is based on defining information as logical charges similar to electric charges. Such information charges can be modeled in the vacuum of a quantum probability firmament as symmetry of quantum charges with a zero net charge. Observation of a state lifts one of these charges in a M&oumlbius transformation from a multipolar field of possibilities that maximizes a local monopole field that is observable. In the first of several papers, I introduce new and profound principles, the Principles of Causal Conspiracy, to provide a consistent epistemology for quantum theory, relativity theory and all the known sciences.

Comparison and analysis of dislocation density, morphology and evolution in microstructure of low-carbon steel produced using different technologies

Three kinds of specimens were produced from hot strips of similar composition and same thickness (nominal gauge 4.0mm) but produced using different technologies, and the dislocation density of these strips was quantitatively measured by positron annihilation technique test. The dislocation morphology and evolution in microstructure of each pass for producing the 1.9mm hot strip using CSP (compact strip production) technology were observed under an H-800 transmission electron microscope; its density was also quantitatively measured using the positron annihilation technique test, and the factors influencing the dislocation density during the production process were analyzed. The experimental results show that the dislocation density in the microstructure produced using CSP technology is higher than that in the microstructure produced using conventional technology. This result was discussed and confirmed on the basis of the finite element simulation and the theory relevant to dislocations.

Positron Annihilation Mechanism Correlated with Microstructure of C60-Contained Chitosan

Positron annihilation lifetime spectra measurements were performed on C_(60)-containing chitosan as a function of temperature ranging from 290 to 380K.Both the ortho-positronium annihilation lifetimeт_(3) and its intensity Is increase with increasing temperature,however,the values of I_(3) in C_(60)-containing chitosan are smaller than that in pure chitosan,and the slope ofт_(3) with temperature is also suppressed after C_(60) linked.The existing three models for positron annihilation in polymer have been compared to analyze the experiment result.It is realized that only the spur reaction model,combined with the free volume model,can explain it satisfactorily.The ortho-positronium lifetime and intensity were affected by the local physicochemical environment of material,i.e.,free-volume structure,electron scavenging and trapping sites,etc.The linked C_(60) that play a significant chemical inhibition and quenching role on positronium formation and annihilation isfirst observed.The microstructure change brought by C_(60) group has also been discussed.

APPLICATION OF THE POSITRON ANNIHILATION TECHNIQUE

The principles of positron annihilation and four positron experimental techniques are described. The application of positron annihilation technique in material science. atomic physics and other related fields are discussed.

RADIATION DAMAGES OF PHOTODEVICE AND ITS SUBSTRATE MATERIAL

γ-radiation damage study of photodevice and its substrate shows that γ-radiation makes the light current, current amplification factor and respond time of devices decreased, dark current increased, but junction capacitance unchanged basicly. The resistivity of substrate was slowly increased. The analysis of positron annihilation lifetime spectra demonstrated that the second lifetime component τ2 was reduced, but the corresponding intensity I2 raised. Those indicate the macroscopic and microscopic changes in substrate after γ-irradiation.

Effects of Flavour-Dependent qq Annihilation on the Mixing Angle of the Isoscalar Octet-Singlet and Schwinger’s Nonet Mass Formula

By incorporating the flavour-dependent quark--antiquark annihilation amplitude into the mass-squared matrix describing the mixing of the isoscalar states of a meson nonet,the new version of Schwinger's nonet mass formula,which holds with a high accuracy for the 0^(-+),1^(--),2^(++),2^(-+)and 3^(--)nonets,is derived and the mixing angle of the isoscalar octet--singlet for these nonets is obtained.In particular,the mixing angle of the isoscalar octet-singlet for the pseudoscalar nonet is determined to take the value of-12.92°,which is in agreement with the value range from-13°to-17°deduced from a rather exhaustive and up-to-date analysis of data.It is also pointed out that the omission of the flavour-dependent qq annihilation effect might be a factor resulting in the invalidity of Schwinger’s original nonet mass formula for the pseudoscalar nonet.

Positron Annihilation Study on the Microstructural Stability in Rapidly Solidified Al_(92.3)Fe_(4.3)V_(0.7)Si_(1.7)Mm_(1.0) Alloy

Rapidly solidified Al92.3Fe4.3V0.7Si1.7Mm1.0 alloy has been studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy and the variations on the intedecial defects with the annealing temperature were revealed by an analysis of the lifetime results. The intedece characteristics derived from the positron-lifetime results could be used to give a satisfactory interpretation of the dependence of mechanical properties on the annealing

Novel Consequences of Coexistence of Matter and Antimatter in Nature

In the present letter we discuss novel possible applications and implications of the formation of exotic atomic and molecular structures composed of particles and antiparticles. Particularly, we argue that huge amount of energy could be produced as a result of matter-antimatter cold fusion. Crucial questions raised concerning the fate of particles and antiparticles produced by the big bang are addressed. Assumptions of possible existence of two kinds of gravity and masses of different signs are proposed.

Microstructural Investigation of PM-355 Nuclear Track Detector Subjected to Low-Dose Gamma Irradiation: A Positron Annihilation Lifetime Study

Samples of the PM-355 polymeric solid state nuclear track detector were exposed to low gamma absorbed doses from 1 kGy (0.1 Mrad) up to 9 kGy (0.9 Mrad). Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on irradiated and pristine samples at room temperature. The observed lifetime spectra were resolved into three components where the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime component was associated with the pick-off annihilation of positronium trapped by the free volume. PAL studies of irradiated PM-355 samples showed that ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetime increases with an increase in dose up to 4 kGy and decreases at higher doses. In contrast, the intensity of the o-Ps component, I3, decreases with the dose up to about 2 kGy, followed by a much smooth decrease up to 7 kGy, and then it levels off. TGA analysis indicated that the PM-355 detector decomposed in one main breakdown stage. These results are discussed on the basis of chemical and physical changes occurring at the microscopic level in the PM-355 due to irradiation. Crosslinking dominates for doses between 1 and 4 kGy, while the degradation mechanism (Chain scission) prevails for doses up to 9 kGy.

On the Real Einstein Beauty E = Kmc2

The paper suggests that E = mc2 may be open to misinterpretation and that in this form it is not what Einstein advanced first. It is further suggested to return to the slightly less compact formula E = Kmc2 where a < K < 1 which has the merit of accounting for the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos (K = 1/22) and the conjectured missing dark energy density of the universe (K = 21/22) from the view point of economical notation.

STUDY OF POSITRON ANNIHILATION ONE DIMENSION ANGULAR-CORRELATION RADIATION ON POLYCRYSTAL Na^+ CONDUCTOR Na_5Y_(1-x)Cr_xSi_4O_(12)

With positron annihilation radiation onedimension angular-correlation device,it ismeasured that positron annihilation radiationone dimension angular-correlation curves ofpolycrystal sodium ion conductor Na5Y1-xCrxSi4O12（NYCS）system.After electronmomentum distribution curves arenormalized,linear parameters arecalculated.The parameters H,W and Sshow the change of Na+ ion vacancyconcentration in NYCS series samples.Theresults show that parameters H,W and S ofone dimension angular-correlation curves ofthose samples vary greatly with Cr2O3contents.With Cr2O3 content increasing,Hand S parameters increase,but W decreases,and reaches extremes at x=0.05;then withCr203 adding continually,parameters H andS decrease gradually,parameter W increasesgradually.This shows that,in addtion toCr2O3,the conductivity has close

STUDY OF RECOVERY IN DEFORMED Ni-Cr-Co SUPERALLOYS USING POSITRON ANNIHILATION

The recovery recrystallization of 3 deformed Ni-Cr-Co superalloys with different Co con-tents has been studied using positron annihilation technique and TEM.The alloys with lowCo content have more defects occurred than ones with high Co content,and the former maybe faster in dislocation recovery than the latter.Thus,the apparent activation energy ofrecrystallization increases with the increase of their Co content in alloys.The relationship be-tween apparent activation energy and stacking fault energy together with their effect on re-covery were also discussed.

GLASS TRANSITION IN AMORPHOUS Se

The glass transition in amorphous semi-conducting Se has been studied by DSC thermal ana-lysis,infrared absorption spectra and positron annihilation measurements.The results showthat the glas transition seems to be reasonably explained from the viewpoints of MDS modeland valence alternation pair theory proposed by Mott,Kaster et al.,respectively.

GRAIN BOUNDARY FEATURE AND CREEP BEHAVIOR OF Fe-15Cr-25Ni ALLOYS

Creep behavior of Fe-15Cr-25Ni alloys with different grain boundary features has been in-vestigated at 850 and 950℃ and in stress range of 14.7～78.5 MPa.The single phase alloyexhibits typical recovery creep characteristics,and for the alloy in which M23C6 carbidesdensely precipitate at grain boundaries,the creep rate dramatically decreases and creep behav-ior is also significantly different from the single phase alloy.When the carbides precipitate atgrain boundaries,the dislocation density are higher and the size of subgrains near grainboundaries are smaller than those of single phase alloy.The creep mechanisms for two grainboundary features have been discussed.

Mapping of the lunar surface by average atomic number based on positron annihilation radiation from Chang'e-1

A map of the average atomic number of lunar rock and soil can be used to differentiate lithology and soil type on the lunar surface.This paper establishes a linear relationship between the average atomic number of lunar rock or soil and the flux of position annihilation radiation(0.512-Me V gamma-ray) from the lunar surface.The relationship is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation with data from lunar rock or soil samples collected by Luna(Russia) and Apollo(USA) missions.A map of the average atomic number of the lunar rock and soil on the lunar surface has been derived from the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer data collected by Chang'e-1,an unmanned Chinese lunar-orbiting spacecraft.In the map,the higher average atomic numbers(ZA > 12.5),which are related to different types of basalt,are in the maria region;the highest ZA(13.2) readings are associated with Sinus Aestuum.The middle ZA(~12.1) regions,in the shape of irregular oval rings,are in West Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Frigoris,which seems to be consistent with the distribution of potassium,rare earth elements,and phosphorus as a unique feature on the lunar surface.The lower average atomic numbers(ZA < 11.5)are found to be correlated with the anorthosite on the far side of the Moon.