ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF FIVE SPECIES OF CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)IN HOUHU LAKE,A TYPICAL ALGAL LAKE(WUHAN,CHINA)

Annual production and life cycle of five dominant species of Chironomidae (Chironomus plumosus, Cryptochironomus sp.,Tokunagayusurika akamusi, Procladius sp.,Clinotanypus sp.) were studied with samples collected monthly from April, 1996 to March, 1997 in Houhu Lake at four stations. Based on instar-frequency data,C. plumosus was univoltine, while the other four were bivoltine. Production rates in grams wet weight m?2a?1 calculated by the size-frequency method wereC. plumosus, 2.170;Cryptochironomus sp., 0.602;T. akamusi, 3.160;Procladius sp., 0.964;Clinotanypus sp., 0.390. Their P/B ratios were 3.9, 4.9, 4.4, 5.3 and 6.6, respectively.

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Cultivation, Production, Consumption, and Marketing in Cameroon

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.

Developing Tianjin Auto Industry--Annual Production Capacity of 150 000 Charades Will Be Realized This Year

With the foundation of Tianjin Automobile Industry Corp. (hereinafter referred to as the Corporation) after the adjustment of the auto industry by the Tianjin Municipal Government in 1982, the situation of sundry types, low output, poor quality, high cost, small scale and scattered production distribution came to an end, which provided

Production base of annual 3000 tons sintered NdFeB of SinoMagnetics Technology goes into operation

Sino magnetics technology is a high-tech enterprise specializing in R&D and production of rare earth permanent magnet materials.It is reported that the enterprise has accelerated the construction of annual3000 tons of high performance sintered NdFeB production base,and the construction of the base has been completed and put into use.

Carbon Productivity Analysis to Address Global Climate Change

Developing low-carbon economy and enhancing carbon productivity are basic approaches to coordinating economic development and protecting global environment, which are also the major ways to address climate change under the framework of sustainable development. In this paper, the authors analyze the annual rate of carbon productivity growth, the differences of carbon productivity of different countries, and the factors for enhancing carbon productivity. Consequently, the authors clarify their viewpoint that the annual rate of carbon productivity growth can be used to weigh the efforts that a country takes to address climate change, and propose policies and suggestions on promoting carbon production.

Annual Energy Production Estimation for Variable-speed Wind Turbine at High-altitude Site

This letter presents a systematic approach to estimate the annual energy production(AEP) of variable-speed wind turbines erected at high-altitude sites. Compared with the existing empirical-model based approaches, the proposed approach models the influence of the air density on the power production while employing the theoretical power curve. Consequently, the proposed approach provides a precise estimation of AEP, which can serve as a foundation of the optimum turbinesite matching design at different-altitude sites.

Analysis of Offshore Wind Power： Application to Southern Thailand

This paper presents an analysis of a pre-feasibility study of a 10 MW offshore wind power project in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The wind speeds at the hub heights of large scale wind turbine generators （WTG）, i.e. 80-100 m, were extrapolated using monthly mean wind shear coefficients and the l/7th exponent. Using WAsP 9.0, the annual energy production from several models of offshore wind farms using different WTG was analyzed. The capacity factor and the cost of energy were then computed. Using best available estimates, the analysis shows that the estimated annual mean offshore wind speeds at 80-100 m were in the range of 6.4 and 8.3 m/s. The annual energy production by the wind farm from nine models of wind turbine generators were in the range of 20-39 GWh/year, corresponding to a capacity factor in the range of 26-46%, while the cost of energy was 12-15 US cent/kWh.

Phenological Complementarity Does not Enhance Ecosystem Production in Undisturbed Steppe Community

Communities with more species could have a greater variety of species＇ characteristics, leading to more effective use of limiting resources through niche partitioning （complementarity） and therefore greater production. The effect of phenologlcal complementarity （PC） on ecosystem production has not been fully Investigated. The seasonal responses of all vascular plant species were tracked to test the effect of phenologlcal complementarity on ecosystem production within a natural stable steppe community. Although a significant phenologlcal pattern was observed, PC had no significant correlation with community production. The value of PC varied with years, but was observed only In a relatively narrow range during the experimental period. Species diversity （richness and evenness） had no correlation with the ecosystem production. The results suggest that the effect of PC may be saturated and has no contribution to the improvement of ecosystem production In a stable natural grassland community with abundant species.

Quantifying the interannual litterfall variations in China’s forest ecosystems

Aims Litterfall is a key parameter in forest biogeochemical cycle and fire risk prediction.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding the litterfall variations with forest ages.Quantifying the interannual variation of forest litterfall is crucial for reducing uncertainties in large-scale litterfall prediction.Methods Based on the available dataset(N=318)with continuous multi-year(≥2 years)measurements of litterfall in Chinese planted and secondary forests,coefficient of variation(CV),variation percent(V_(P)),and the ratio of next-year litterfall to current-year litterfall were used as the indexes to quantify the interannual variability in litterfall.Important Findings The interannual variations of litterfall showed a declining trend with increasing age from 1 to 90 years.The litterfall variations were the largest in 1-10 years(mean CV=23.51%and mean V_(P)=−28.59%to 20.89%),which were mainly from tree growth(mean ratio of next-year to current-year=1.20).In 11-40 years,the interannual variations of litterfall gradually decreased but still varied widely,mean CV was~18%and mean V_(P) ranged from−17.69%to 21.19%.In 41-90 years,the interannual variations minimized to 8.98%in mean CV and~8%in mean V_(P).As a result,forest litterfall remained relatively low and constant when stand age was larger than 40 years.This result was different from the previous assumptions that forest litterfall reached relatively stable when stand age was larger than 30,20 or even 15 years.Our findings can improve the knowledge about forest litter ecology and provide the groundwork for carbon budget and biogeochemical cycle models at a large scale.