The axisymmetric long-wave interfacial stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluid with surfactant

The long wave stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluids with an axial pressure gradient is investigated at low Reynolds number. The interface between the two fluids is populated with an insoluble surfactant. The analytic solution for the growth rate of perturbation is obtained with long wave approximation. We are mainly concerned with the effects of shear-thinning/thickening property and interfacial surfactant on the flow stability. The results show that the influence of shear-thinning/thickening property accounts to the change of the capillary number. For a clean interface, the shear-thinning property enhances the capillary instability when the interface is close to the pipe wall. The converse is true when the interface is close to the pipe centerline. For shear-thickening fluids, the situation is reversed. When the interface is close to the pipe centerline, the capillary instability can be restrained due to the influence of surfactant. A parameter set can be found under which the flow is linearly stable.

Unsteady Rotative Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluid in an Annular Pipe

This paper .Studies power law no-Newtonian fluid rotative flow. in an annularpipe. The governing equation is nonlinear one, we linearized the governing equationby assuming that partial factor is at state. With Laplace transform we obtain ananalytical solution of the problem In the paper several groups of curves are given.these curves reflect the temporal change law and. spatial distribution of fluid velocity.In addition.we study the effection of power law index on the flow field the resultindicates that when the power law index n < l. the flow velocity is highly sensitive tothe index. and this fact is importanl in related engineering decisions.

Entrance Region Flow of Herschel-Bulkley Fluid in an Annular Cylinder

The entrance region flow of a Herschel-Bulkley fluid in an annular cylinder has been investigated numerically without making prior assumptions on the form of velocity profile within the boundary layer region. This velocity distribution is determined as part of the procedure by cross sectional integration of the momentum differential equation for a given distance z from the channel entrance. Using the macroscopic mass and momentum balance equation, the entrance length at each cross section of the entrance region of the annuli and pressure distribution have been calculated for specific values of Herschel-Bulkley number and various values of aspect ratio and flow behavior index. The effects of non-Newtonian characteristics and channel width on the velocity profile, pressure distribution and the entrance length have been discussed.

Steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a shallow annular pool. Part 1:Single layer fluid

This paper examines the steady thermocapillarybuoyant convection in a shallow annular pool subjected to a radial temperature gradient. A matched asymptotic theory is used to obtain the asymptotic solutions of the flow and thermal fields in the case of small aspect ratios,which is defined as the ratio of the layer thickness to the gap width. The flow domain is divided into the core region away from the cylinder walls and two end regions near each cylinder wall. Asymptotic solutions are obtained in the core region by solving the core and end flows separately and then joining them through matched asymptotic expansions. For the system of silicon melt,the asymptotic solutions are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It is found that the two kinds of solutions have a good agreement in the core region for a small aspect ratio. With the increase of aspect ratio,the applicability of the present asymptotic solutions decreases gradually.

VIBRATION AND STABILITY OF VERTICAL UPWARD-FLUID-CONVEYING PIPE IMMERSED IN RIGID CYLINDRICAL CHANNEL

A theoretical model is developed for the vibration and stability of a vertical pipe subjected concurrently to two dependent axial flows. The external fluid, after exiting the outer annular region between the pipe and a rigid cylindrical channel, is conveyed upwards inside the pipe. This configuration thus resembles of a pipe that aspirating fluid. The equation of planar mo- tion is solved by means of the differential quadrature method （DQM）. Calculations are conducted for a slender drill-string-like and a bench-top-size system, for different confinement conditions of the outer annular channel. It is shown that the vibrations of these two systems are closely related to the degree of confinement of the outer annular channel. For a drill-string-like system with narrow annuli, buckling instability may occur in the second and third modes. For a bench-top-size system, however, both buckling and flutter may occur in the lowest three modes. The form of instability depends on the annuli size.

天然气储层裂隙中气-液两相流的流态转变条件数学模型

气-液两相在储层裂隙中流动时可能存在气泡流、段塞流、环雾流等流态,查明流动时流态转变条件能为气-液两相流流态形成机理研究提供依据,有助于天然气井的生产管控。根据气-液两相流不同流态的流动特点,结合连续介质控制理论和动量守恒原理,构建了气泡流-段塞流-环雾状流等流态之间转变的数学模型,确定了各流态间变化的临界条件和主控因素,通过气-液运移产出微观流动物理模拟试验验证了所建数学模型的准确性。结果表明:气-液两相在裂隙中的流态转变是气/液相的物理性质、注气通道孔径、裂隙流动通道孔径、气相流体流速、液相流体流速等因素耦合作用的结果。气泡流与段塞流能否转变主要取决于初生气泡大小、流动通道空间、液相界面波高度;段塞流与环雾流间能否转变取决于气相流体能否击碎液相流体并使之悬浮。不同流态间转变的主要控制因素不同:气泡流与段塞流相互转变的主控因素为裂隙系统的孔径,注气通道孔径越大、流动通道孔径越小,越容易发生段塞流;段塞流与环雾流相互转化的主控制因素为流体流速、气/液相流体的物理性质,气/液相对速度越大、气/液密度差越小、液相表面张力越小,越容易发生环雾流。研究成果能够为天然气储层裂隙中气-液两相流态形成机理和天然气运移产出研究提供理论依据。

Stability of core-annular flow of power-law fluids in the presence of interfacial surfactant

The shear-thinning influence on the core-annular flow stability of two immiscible power-law fluids is considered by making a linear stability analysis.The flow is driven by an axial pressure gradient in a straight pipe with the interface between the two fluids occupied by an insoluble surfactant.Given the basic flow for this core-annular arrangement,the analytical solution is obtained with respect to the power-law fluid model.The linearized equations for the evolution of infinitesimal disturbances are derived and the stability problem is formulated as a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem,which is solved by using the software package Matlab based on the QZ algorithm.The shear-thinning property is found to have marked influence on the power-law fluid core-annular flow stability,which is reflected in various aspects.First,the capillary instability is magnified by the shear-thinning property,which may lead to an essential difference between power-law and Newtonian fluid flows.Especially when the interface is close to the pipe wall,the power-law fluid flow may be unstable while the Newtonian fluid flow is stable.Second,under disturbances to the interface a velocity discontinuity at the interface appears which is destabilizing to the flow.The magnitude of this velocity discontinuity is affected by the power-law index and the flow stability is influenced correspondingly.Besides,the shear-thinning property may induce new stability modes which do not appear in the Newtonian fluid flow.The flow stability shows much dependence on the interface location,the role of which was neglected in most previous studies.The shear-thinning fluid flow is more unstable to long wave disturbances when the interface is close to the pipe wall,while the Newtonian fluid flow is more unstable when the interface is close to the pipe centerline.But this trend is changed by the addition of interfacial surfactant,for which the power-law fluid flow is more stable no matter where the interface is located.

水平管道泡沫流体流型实验研究

目前泡沫流体流动规律尚未形成统一完整的理论体系,且经典的流型图对于泡沫流体流型判别的准确度较低。因此本文基于可视化实验平台,研究了水平管道泡沫流体流型。结果发现,在气体流量27.28~163.68 m^(3)/h、液体流量22.6~1356.4 L/h范围内,随着气体流量或液体流量的增加,泡沫流体流型逐渐由泡沫波浪流过渡到不完全环状波浪流,再到泡沫完全环状流。相同液体流量下气体流量增加时流型的转变趋势与相同气体流量下液体流量增加时的趋势一致。

径向流和圆环流磁流变阀压降性能分析与试验

设计了径向流动式和圆环流动式2种不同液流通道结构的磁流变阀,并分别对其工作原理进行了阐述;推导了径向流和圆环流磁流变阀的压降数学模型。采用有限元法(FEM)分别对径向流和圆环流磁流变阀的电磁场进行了建模仿真,在结构参数和磁场参数相等的情况下分析了径向流和圆环流2种液流通道结构的磁流变阀压降变化规律。搭建了磁流变阀压降性能试验台,对不同加载电流及不同模拟负载下的径向流和圆环流磁路变阀的压降性能进行了试验分析。仿真和试验结果均表明同样结构参数和磁场参数下的径向流磁流变阀产生的压降大于圆环流磁流变阀产生的压降。

圆环流磁流变阀压降性能分析与试验

磁流变阀是一种以磁流变液为工作介质的智能控制器件,其进出口压差可调且响应速度快的特点使其在减振抗震系统中具有广泛的应用前景。设计了一种典型的阻尼间隙为圆环流动式的圆环流磁流变阀,对其工作原理进行了阐述,同时推导了圆环流磁流变阀的压降数学模型。采用有限元法(FEM)和计算流体力学法(CFD)分别对圆环流磁流变阀的电磁场和流场进行了建模仿真,分析了不同电流下磁流变阀压降变化规律,仿真结果表明圆环流磁流变阀的压降随着加载电流的增大而增大,并且逐渐趋于饱和;同时采用FEM方法得到的最大压降为948 k Pa,采用CFD方法得到的最大压降为1 079 k Pa。搭建了圆环流磁流变阀压降性能试验台,对不同电流及不同负载下的磁流变阀压降性能进行了试验分析,并与仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明试验压降变化趋势与两种仿真方法得出的压降变化基本相符,试验测试得到的最大压降为662 k Pa。同时,试验结果表明外加负载对圆环流磁流变阀压降大小变化基本无影响。

蜗壳式旋风分离器环形空间流场的研究

流场测量表明蜗壳式旋风分离器环形空间的速度场和静压场是非轴对称的 ,存在着切向速度的增高区 (0～ 1 80°,以入口处为 0°)和降低区 (1 80～ 360°)及相对应的静压分布降压区和增压区。在升气管管壁表面附近存在有低速的“滞流层”。蜗壳式旋风分离器环形空间的这种流场分布对颗粒在环形空间的运动过程和旋风分离器性能有重要影响。

液压缸活塞变间隙密封结构形状研究

变间隙密封液压缸的核心部位是活塞唇边,间隙的变化主要体现在活塞唇边变形上。应用弹性力学中悬臂梁结构的应力函数解对唇边变形进行理论分析,推导出了唇边变形公式。利用有限元软件仿真模拟不同的唇边结构在不同压力工况下的变形情况,找到了变间隙密封活塞唇边变形特点和影响因素。比较了实验测试变间隙密封液压缸内泄漏量与理论变形曲线计算的泄漏量,结果显示两者误差在允许范围内,证实了仿真的正确性。

一种高效磁流变阀及其特性测试

介绍了一种同时具有圆环形和圆盘形阻尼间隙的磁流变阀的原理、结构及其模型,建立了测试磁流变阀的磁流变液压执行器系统及基于dSPACE实时仿真系统的虚拟测试系统。研究结果不仅显示实际测试结果与理论模型的一致性,而且表明当电流增加到0.80A时同时具有圆环形和圆盘形阻尼间隙的磁流变阀能产生最大压降,并且在一定压力作用下对磁流变液具有最佳阻断能力。

磁流变复合液压执行器及其效率研究

介绍了一种可同时实现定位(驱动)与可控阻尼的磁流变复合液压执行器的原理及系统结构,研究了在入口压力较高时磁流变阀不可能完全理想关闭情况下桥式磁流变阀路的效率问题,建立了基于桥式磁流变阀路的磁流变复合液压执行器定位(驱动)时的效率模型。

不同流变模式钻井液环空层流压耗通用算法

针对钻井工程中常用环空层流压耗计算方法精度低、不适用于复杂流变模式的问题,提出了适用于不同流变模式钻井液的环空层流压耗通用算法,与传统算法进行了对比,并采用已发表文献中实验数据进行了验证。基于环空槽流模型,将圆管流量方程推广应用于环空中推导出环空流量方程,利用环空流量方程和流体流变方程建立环空流量与管壁剪切应力的关系式,再由已知流量求得管壁剪切应力,进而求得环空压耗。通过与传统算法的对比分析发现:提出的通用算法适用于所有流变模式的钻井液环空层流,普适性好、建模过程简单、计算精度高。基于已发表文献中实验数据的算法验证结果表明:不论是在低排量还是在高排量条件下,采用通用算法求得的不同流变模式环空压耗与实测结果都能较好地吻合,弥补了传统算法的误差。

非牛顿流体偏心环空螺旋流的解析解

石油和化工中许多问题需要求解非牛顿流体偏心环空螺旋流。本文全面地研究了幂律流体和宾汉流体在偏心环空中层流螺旋流的流动规律与流动状态的判别。在理论上，根据流体力学原理，运用数学方法，在作者同心环空螺旋流的理论基础上，通过对偏心环空螺旋流流场的无限细分法，给出了该流场的视粘度分布、速度分布、流量和压降方程，进而建立了判别流态的稳定性参数。

Robertson_Stiff流体在偏心环空中的流动

石油钻井和完井过程中，经常出现泥浆、水泥浆和完井液在偏心环空中的流动·Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｏｎ＿Ｓｔｉｆ流体在描述这些流体的流变性时有很高的精度·文中根据Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｏｎ＿Ｓｔｉｆ流体的流变方程和偏心环空环隙间距的几何关系，利用相似原理，求解了该流体在偏心环形空间中作层流轴向流动时适于工程应用的二元速度分布，以及平均流速、流量和压降的表达式·研究表明：液体在偏心环形空间流动时与在同心环空中流动的最大差异，在于流经偏心环空不同间隙处流速的较大差异·文中还把Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｏｎ＿Ｓｔｉｆ流体的计算结果与采用宾汉模式和幂律模式的计算结果进行了对比·

幂律流体偏心环空流场的CFD模拟

在流体计算软件PHOENICS的VR编辑环境中,在三维直角坐标系下建立了偏心环空流动的物理模型,采用正交网格和湍流模型及壁面函数法,对幂律流体的偏心环空流动进行数值计算,分析了幂律流体下流性指数和偏心度对偏心环空流场中速度、压力分布的影响。结果表明,正交网格和湍流模型及壁面函数法可以很好地反映出偏心环空流动的基本特征,为石油生产中常见的偏心环空流问题的研究提供了理论依据。

流体机械中浸液转子动力学特性的研究

基于大间隙环流中转子运动的理论模型 ,应用数值方法研究了流体机械中浸在大间隙环流中偏心转子的动力学特性。研究结果表明 :惯性耦合动力学效应已不可忽略 ;偏心率、转子转速及壁面粗糙度等参数是影响大间隙环流中偏心转子动力学特性的重要参数。图 4参

Giesekus流体在环形流道中脉动挤出的应力分析

以G iesekus粘弹模型为基础,推导出了轴向振动力场作用下聚合物熔体在环形流场中的应力计算公式,并结合实际的模型参数作了分析。结果表明:在环形流道中,流体的应力是半径和时间的函数,剪切应力与时间成余弦关系。内半流场的剪切应力随半径变化速率要明显大于外半流场的剪切应力变化速率,内环壁面处的剪切应力也要大于外环壁面处的剪切应力,τiw/τcw随k值变小而变大。