Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Nozzle Lip Thickness on the Flow Field and Performance of an Annular Jet Pump

The performance of an annular jet pump( AJP) is determined by its area ratio A( ratio of cross sectional area of throat and annular nozzle) and flow rate ratio q( ratio of primary and secondary flow rate,Qs/Qj),while the nozzle lip thickness is neglected in the present studies. This paper presents a study on the effect of the thickness on the flow field and performance of an AJP with A = 1. 75. With the increasing flow rate ratio and nozzle lip thickness,a small vortex forms at the nozzle lip and keeps on growing. However,as the flow rate ratio or nozzle lip thickness is extremely low,the vortex at the lip vanishes thoroughly. Moreover,the recirculation width varies conversely with the nozzle lip thickness when the flow rate ratio q ≤ 0. 13. While the deviation of the recirculation width with different nozzle lip thickness is negligible with q ≥ 0. 13. Additionally the existence of nozzle lip hinders the momentum exchange between the primary and secondary flow and leads to a mutation of velocity gradient near the nozzle exit,which shift the recirculation downstream. Finally,based on the numerical results of the streamwise and spanwise vortex distributions in the suction chamber, the characteristics of the mixing process and the main factors accounting for the AJP performance are clarified.

Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of coherent motions in a turbulent annular jet

A three-dimensional incompressible annular jet is simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES)method at a Reynolds number Re=8500.The time-averaged velocity field shows an asymmetric wake behind the central bluff-body although the flow geometry is symmetric.The proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)analysis of the velocity fluctuation vectors is conducted to study the flow dynamics of the wake flow.The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy across the three-dimensional POD modes shows that the first four eigenmodes each capture more than 1%of the turbulent kinetic energy,and hence their impact on the wake dynamics is studied.The results demonstrate that the asymmetric mean flow in the near-field of the annular jet is related to the first two POD modes which correspond to a radial shift of the stagnation point.The modes 3 and 4 involve the stretching or squeezing effects of the recirculation region in the radial direction.In addition,the spatial structure of these four POD eigenmodes also shows the counter-rotating vortices in the streamwise direction downstream of the flow reversal region.

Numerical investigation of turbulent flow coherent structures in annular jet pumps using the LES method

Annular jet pumps that are used in hydraulic machinery have a very simple structure but very complex internal flow fields. Large eddy simulations were used to study the coherent structures in the turbulent flows in annular jet pumps with various area ratios,m. The distribution, movement and evolution of the coherent structure in the annular jet pumps are described based on vorticity,pressure and Q criteria. All the criteria demonstrate that the vortexes are mainly distributed in the recirculation region and in the mixing and the boundary layers, which have large velocity gradients. The various characteristics of the coherent structures are shown by the different criteria with the vorticity criterion describing the distribution, movement and evolution of the vortexes,the pressure criterion describing the movement and the Q criterion describing the vortex movement and evolution. The vorticity variation in the spanwise direction is larger than the variation in the streamwise direction; however, the streamwise vortex is the main mechanism driving the entrainment of the secondary flow and the mixing. The annular jet pump with m=3.33 had a higher vortex shedding frequency(about 1000 Hz) than that with m=1.72(313–417 Hz). The azimuthal instability is the main reason for the generation of the streamwise vortex from the spanwise vortex. The vortex structures in the recirculation region are very strong,but small and disordered with no periodic vortex rings.

Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow structure and characteristics in an annular jet pump

The large eddy simulation（LES） of the flow characteristics in an annular jet pump（AJP） is conducted, and the flow characteristics are systematically analyzed from both time-averaged and instantaneous aspects. The jet expansion, the velocity distribution and the energy are considered to analyze the time-averaged evolution of the flow field in the AJP. The transient flow characteristics can also be acquired from the analysis of the turbulence intensity and the Reynolds stress. The simulation demonstrates that in the time-averaged characteristics, the potential cores increase linearly with the increase of the flow ratio. With the flow development, the jet half-width gradually increases and the residual energy coefficient decreases. Compared with the distribution of the time-averaged axial velocity, that of the instantaneous velocity is more complex and disorderly. The high intensity of the axial turbulence mainly occurs in the mixing layer and the near-wall regions of the diffuser. The annular distribution of the Reynolds stress is mainly in the mixing layer and the recirculation region. There is a low-stress zone between the mixing layer and the high-stress region in the wall-boundary layer. The intensity of the spanwise vortexes is larger than that of the streamwise vortexes, and therefore, the former make greater contribution to the total vorticity. This research provides a better understanding of the flow characteristics in the AJP.

电流体喷印相邻喷嘴射流干扰机理与抑制探讨

针对多喷嘴式电流体喷印系统中相邻喷嘴之间的带电射流干扰问题,建立电液耦合作用下的射流喷射的数值仿真模型。采用控制变量法揭示了相邻喷嘴锥射流产生干扰的原因及工作电压、供液流量和相邻间距对于射流干扰程度的影响规律。初步探讨了一种基于环形气流辅助喷射的射流干扰抑制方法,建立了气—电—液多场耦合作用下的射流喷射的数值仿真模型。通过研究不同气流速度对于射流喷射的影响规律,结果表明:射流偏斜角随着电极电压的增大而增大,随喷嘴间距的增大而减小,随溶液流量的改变不明显。在合理的工艺条件下,射流能够垂直喷射到基底上。适当的辅助气流输入(5~25m/s)可有效抑制喷嘴锥射流因电致斥力产生的干扰。当气流速度超过临界阈值(25m/s)后,辅助气流对喷嘴锥射流容易带来额外的不稳定性和不可控性。

Jet formation and penetration mechanism of W typed shaped charge

Existing classical shaped charges are well known for their longer jets capable of achieving large hole depth to hole diameter ratios in metallic targets. However, in some situations, there arises demand to obtain 1：1 ratio for hole depth to hole diameter which is beyond normal shaped charges capability. A new variant of shape charge, named W typed shape charge （WSC）, is proposed in this paper, which can meet the demand of 1：1 ratio, and is based on the geometry that can produce annular jets upon proper initiation scheme. In this paper, we present formation and penetration results of WSC based on three different schemes. We also show that not all WSC designs can form annular jets, only annularly initiated WSC, which also fulfils the ＂Internal-External Liners Equal-Impulse＂ criterion, has the capability to form annular jet. The experimental and numerical results show that when the ratio between annular initiation ring diameter and the charge diameter is 0.75, an annular jet is formed, which was also supported by high speed photographs performed in vacuum. 2D numerical simulations are performed with indigenously developed simulation software, where Eulerian approach with multi-material interface tracking algorithm is utilized, to find various mechanisms involved during jet formation process. The calculation results are found in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the interface treatment algorithm proposed in this paper can not only deal with large deformation problem, but also depict clearly the variation of materials interface. It is especially suitable for simulation of the process from liner collapse to formation of shaped charge jet.

螺旋流对环形射流泵性能影响的数值模拟

为了提高环形射流泵的输送效率,本文提出了一种利用导叶结构形成螺旋流的螺旋流环形射流泵。利用数值模拟的方法研究不同工作压力下的螺旋流环形射流泵和原型泵的速度、压力和湍动能分布计算结果,来分析螺旋流对环形射流泵的性能影响。数值模拟结果表明:在工作压力为130 kPa时,螺旋流使环形射流泵的流量比增加了43.1%,压力比降低了22.8%。螺旋流降低了环形射流泵喉管内的静压,更容易引起空化。螺旋流使得环形射流泵的效率在工作压力低于160 kPa时大于原型泵。螺旋流环形射流泵内具有更大的湍动能分布区域。随着工作压力升高,两种结构的环形射流泵湍动能分布差别减小。导叶阻力对螺旋流环形射流泵的效率有着重要的影响。

喷管结构对环形射流泵流场的影响

为探究喷管结构对环形射流泵流场的影响,对喷管直角转弯与弧形转弯两种条件下的环形射流泵进行了数值模拟研究,对环形喷嘴出口直段开展计算分析。结果表明:喷管直角转弯时流场在喷嘴、喉管和扩散管环周分布不均,喷管弧形转弯时环形喷嘴形成均匀射流,有利于工作液与被吸液的均匀、对称混合及传能,各流量比工况下压力比及效率均有所提升。环形喷嘴出口设置(0.5~1)倍出口宽度的直段可改善环形射流泵的性能,在中低流量比时效率最高可提升1%;同时,直段有助于平稳喷嘴出口的压力,减小喉管入口附近回流区的范围和压降的幅度。研究成果可为环形射流泵全域流场分析、喷管结构设计提供依据和支撑。

水力喷射多簇压裂簇间流量分配特征

水力喷射压裂是非常规油气资源的有力增产手段。压裂液簇间流量分配直接影响多簇裂缝起裂与扩展。本文建立了水力喷射多簇压裂环空流动模型,研究了喷嘴周围的流场特征,分析了环空流速、射流速度、簇间压差和环空出口压力等关键因素对压裂簇间流量分配的影响规律。结果表明,环空中速度和压力变化集中于射流周围:射流中心静压高于环空压力,射流周围存在低压区和类似点汇流动的特征,且流场非均匀分布。本文条件下簇间无干扰:相同孔眼出口条件下最大簇间流量差异仅0.08 kg/s;最大簇间裂缝延伸压力差达到4 MPa,参考簇流量仅变化0.05 kg/s;延伸压力差改变,各簇孔眼流量仍以同一规律变化。孔眼流量与射流速度、环空出口压力等正线性相关,环空流速对孔眼流量无影响,上述因素均不引起簇间流量分配差异。簇间裂缝延伸压力差异是流量非均匀分配的主控因素:各簇孔眼流量随裂缝延伸压力减小而线性增加;簇间流量差异和簇间裂缝延伸压力差异呈正线性关系。实验条件下,环空流速低于3 m/s或环空出口压力高于40 MPa,压裂液利用效率可达100%。研究结果可为水力喷射多簇压裂设计提供理论依据。

喷孔锥度对喷气织机环槽型辅助喷嘴性能的影响

为提升引纬质量,课题组设计了一种环形槽型喷孔辅助喷嘴,并通过数值模拟探究辅助喷嘴结构对喷射性能的影响。课题组依据喷射出口面积等效原则,设计了3种环槽型辅助喷嘴,并分别建立了环形槽结合中心式辅助喷嘴的流场模型;利用FLUENT软件对建立的流场模型进行数值模拟,得到供气压力0.3MPa时不同喷孔锥度的各环槽型辅助喷嘴对称面上速度云图、出口流速中心线上速度分布曲线图、气耗量,以及距喷嘴出口20,50,70mm处截面速度分布图。结果表明:对同种环槽型辅助喷嘴,随着喷孔锥度增大,辅助喷嘴的喷射性能明显增强;喷孔锥度大于0°时,喷孔锥度增大各喷嘴出口处射流速度也随之增大。环槽型辅助喷嘴为喷气织机引纬提供了一种效率更高的方法。

环型聚能药型罩的设计新方法与实验

针对轴向侵彻的环形聚能战斗部药型罩内外壁非对称质量的情况,提出了环型药型罩设计的新思路,即内外壁在压跨碰撞点保持等动量原则,建立环形聚能药型罩的质量补偿设计方法.对内外变壁厚和单壁等厚2种类型的环型药型罩进行了设计计算和侵彻实验,分析比较了两种结构药型罩的侵彻效果.结果表明,采用该方法设计的药型罩侵彻效果有明显改善.

喉管长度对环形射流泵性能影响的数值模拟

基于有限体积法和Realizablek-ε紊流模型,应用Fluent软件对环形射流泵内部流场进行数值模拟,并对计算的可靠性进行验证.由射流泵内部流场可以看出,环形射流泵射流的扩展混合在喉管和扩散管中均存在.针对不同喉管长度下环形射流泵内部射流扩展和壁面压力分布情况,模拟分析了不同喉管长度对环形射流泵性能和效率的影响.结果表明,喉管长度对喉管内射流扩展、环形射流泵性能和效率均有一定影响.喉管越长,射流扩展混合程度越好,但过长的喉管会带来较大的摩阻损失.根据效率最高原则,环形射流泵喉管长度Lt应符合Lt/Dt=2.17-2.89,其中当喉管长度为喉管直径2.69倍时效率最高,可达到35.6%.

射流式马铃薯输送泵性能试验

为了研究射流式马铃薯输送泵的性能,该文根据马铃薯输送的特点设计了一台射流式马铃薯输送泵,通过试验的方法对流量比、面积比和输送高度3个因素对输送性能的影响进行了研究,并分析了不同工况对马铃薯损伤的影响。研究结果表明:马铃薯的最高输送能力达1 667.46 kg/h;在相同的输送高度和面积比下,输送能力和泵水功率随着流量比的增加而增加;在相同的被吸流体流量和扬程下,输送能力随着面积比升高而降低;在相同的面积比和工作流体流量下,输送能力随着输送高度的升高而降低,而输送单位质量马铃薯的能耗随之升高;在大部分工况中,马铃薯在输送过程中没有损伤;但是在少数流量比较低的工况中,由于回流的作用,马铃薯可能与喷嘴或者泵内壁面碰撞而导致损伤;综合考虑输送能力和马铃薯损伤,在试验所涉及的工况中,射流式马铃薯输送泵面积比1.75,流量比0.49,输送高度1.40 m为输送马铃薯的最优工况。

环形射流泵结构优化设计

运用DOE和CFD技术,以寻求环形射流泵效率最大时的最佳结构尺寸组合.试验射流泵模型原型取自真实试验,面积比1.75.首先对计算方法的可靠性进行了验证,在试验设计方法指导下,以最高效率为原则安排了多次试验,确定了4个主要因子,即流量比q、吸入室收缩角α、相对喉管长度l t及扩散管扩散角β,分别计算了射流泵在多种结构尺寸组合下的内部流动.借助统计分析软件对试验数据进行处理,确定各结构参数对射流泵性能影响的重要程度,找出最优的结构组合.结果表明该方法取得了很好的效果,试验设计预测最大效率36.3%与CFD模拟结果35.8%非常接近.影响泵性能的主要结构参数中,相对喉管长度比扩散管扩散角、吸入室收缩角更为显著,双因子间的交互作用比因子单独作用更为明显,为环形射流泵进一步优化设计,确定其合理的工作范围提供了依据.

W型聚能装药射流形成及侵彻的实验和数值仿真研究

为了满足串联战斗部中一级弹开坑的要求 ,本文提出并设计了能够形成环形射流的W型聚能装药 ,运用带有网格线示踪点法 (MOCL)分界面跟踪算法的二维多流体欧拉程序 ,对环形射流的形成进行了数值仿真 ,比较数值仿真结果与试验结果 ,该聚能装药可以满足工程设计的要求。

环形射流形成及侵彻的数值方法研究

运用带有MOCL分界面跟踪算法的二维多流体欧拉程序和解析解相耦合的算法数值模拟了环形射流的形成及其对靶板的侵彻。实际应用表明 ,此方法计算结果准确可靠 ,经济省时 ,对聚能装药的优化设计具有较高的效费比。

喷嘴位置对新型环形射流泵性能的影响

运用数值模拟的方法,研究在不同被吸流体速度比下,不同喷嘴位置对采用环形射流喷嘴的新型环形射流泵性能的影响,设计了与传统贴壁环形射流喷嘴不同的夹心式环形射流喷嘴,使得工作流体在离开喷嘴后处于被吸流体的包夹之中.对该新型环形射流泵进行性能预测,并与传统环形射流泵进行对比.数值模拟结果表明：新型环形射流泵效率普遍高于传统环形射流泵效率;对于新型环形射流泵,工作喷嘴位置距离壁面8 mm为最优;对于工作喷嘴距离壁面分别为4,6 mm的新型环形射流泵,在流量比为0.4~0.8的范围内,最佳速度比为1/1,而对于工作喷嘴距离壁面8 mm的新型环形射流泵,在流量比为0.4~0.8的范围内,最佳速度比为3/1.

改进型环形射流泵输送不同果蔬试验

为了研究果蔬的形状、大小和密度对环形射流泵输送性能的影响,该文采用喉管直径为60 mm的环形射流泵进行了马铃薯、胡萝卜、圣女果和金桔的输送试验,对入口结构、流量比、输送高度和果蔬种类4个因素对输送性能的影响进行了研究,并分析了不同工况对果蔬损伤的影响。结果表明:吸入口结构对输送性能有很大的影响;该环形射流泵输送马铃薯、胡萝卜、圣女果和金桔的最高输送能力分别为3 038.13、2 158.83、2 302.92和1 949.50 kg/h;在相同的面积比和输送高度下,输送能力随工作流体流量的增加而增大;在相同的面积比和工作流体流量下,输送能力随输送高度的升高而降低;在相同的工况下,输送椭球形的果蔬的能力要优于输送长条形果蔬的能力,输送密度较大的果蔬的能力要优于输送密度较小的果蔬的能力。输送单位质量果蔬的能耗在低流量比时变化不明显,在高流量比时有较大提升。马铃薯和胡萝卜在输送过程中损伤很小,损伤原因是与管道或泵内壁或者管道接口处碰撞,马铃薯和胡萝卜的最大质量损失率分别为0.13%和0.21%,最大表面损失率为0.68%和1.20%,圣女果和金桔在所有工况没有损伤。该研究可为今后环形射流泵输送果蔬的深入研究提供参考。

综掘工作面风幕集尘风机除尘系统设计及试验研究

为了解决煤矿综掘工作面掘进过程中粉尘浓度过高,影响矿井安全生产的问题,设计了一种利用风幕集尘风机形成合理的控尘流场,防止综掘工作面高浓度含尘风流外溢的新型高效的风幕集尘风机除尘系统。基于流体力学理论和势流叠加原理,建立了受限空间内风机流场的数学模型,为了验证数学模型的合理性,进而在地面搭建了宽2.8 m、高2.3 m、长12 m的模拟巷道进行了风幕射流速度衰减试验。结果表明:风幕射流出口速度初期衰减较快,后期衰减变缓,数学模型所计算理论风速与实测风速基本一致,数学模型正确可靠;整体径向射流风幕需要封住的空间断面内,实测风速都在2 m/s以上,能够有效抑制粉尘颗粒向外逸散,可以在煤矿井下实际安装应用。

环空淹没射流吸气性能与能量耗散特征研究

淹没条件下喷嘴出口存在外界静压,引射管的截面和入流压力对环空射流过程中的吸气性能和能量耗散都有显著的影响。为能更好地对淹没条件下环空射流喷嘴进行调控,采用数值模拟与试验验证的方法分析了不同截面比和入流压力对喷头吸气量和气液比的影响,并从流场、能量耗散以及涡流强度3方面对这些影响进行了研究。结果表明:低截面比下,随着入流压力的提高,吸气量和气液比都随之提高;高截面比下,随着入流压力的提高,吸气量提高而气液比则先增加后降低,这种工况下气液比存在最大值。随着截面比的提高,吸气量增加而气液比则降低;不同入流压力下低截面比对气液比存在高可控性;不同截面比下高引射流入流压力对气液比存在高可控性。相同的湍动能增量下,不同截面比的湍流耗散率的增量远大于不同入流压力的湍流耗散率增量,能量耗散更大。这些特性与不同入流压力时引射流与槽内水压差以及不同截面时引射流对喷嘴的封闭作用有关。