Treatment of anthraquinone dye wastewater by hydrolytic acidification-aerobic process

Experiment on microbial degradation with two kinds of biological process, hydrolytic acidification-aerobic process and aerobic process was conducted to treat the anthraquinone dye wastewater with COD Cr concentration of 400 mg/L and chroma 800. The experimental result demonstrated that the hydrolytic-aerobic process could raise the biodegradability of anthraquinone dye wastewater effectively. The effluent COD Cr can reach 120170 mg/L and chroma 150 which is superior to that from simple aerobic process.

Decolorization of Anthraquinone dye by Rhodopseudomonas XL-1

Rhodopseudomonas XL 1 gained from textile wastewater can effectively decolorize anthraquinone dye. Under anaerobic condition, 93 percent of the anthraquinone dye is decolorized , which is higher than that under aerobic condition. The optimum pH is 6～9 and the optimum temperature is 20～40℃ for the anthraquinone dye decolorization by XL 1 . XL 1 can not decolorize the anthraquinone dye when it is the sole carbon source. Microbial cometabolism and decolorization of the dye take place in the presence of some other carbon source(0.2～0.4g/100ml)called cometabolic substrate. The cometabolic substrate can be peptone, glucose, sodium acetate, beef extract, amylum, etc. The change of molecular structure of the dye before and after decolorized by XL 1 is studied by UV Vis absorption spectrum. The results indicate that its molecular structure is changed evidently.

Electrooxidative Degradation of an Anthraquinone Dye with in-situ Electrogenerated Active Chlorine in a Divided Flow Cell

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possibility of treating C. I. Reactive Blue 19 wastewater by electrochemical oxidation via electrogenerated active chlorine, using metallic oxide coatings （dimensional stable anode, DSA） as anode. The electrolysis for the simulated wastewater was conducted at a constant current. Absorbances at 592 nm and 255 nm were measured to follow the decolorization of the dye and the degradatin of its aromatic ring. After 4 h of electrolysis under the experimental conditions： current density of 15 A·m^-2, 0.2 mol·L^-1 NaCl, 0.1 mol·L^-1 Na2SO4, 0.1 mmol·L^-1 dye, initial pH=6.4 and T=30℃, 100% decolorization of the dye and about 45% degradation of its aromatic ring were achieved, while no obvious change of total organic carbon was observed. The experimental results suggest that the decolorization of the dye and degradation of its aromatic ring were directly affected by current density, temperature, concentrations of the dye and sodium chloride, while slightly affected by initial pH and sodium sulfate concentration; the decolorization of the dye and degradation of its aromatic ring followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; and indirect electrooxidation, using electrogenerated active chlorine, predominated in the electrochemical oxidation.

Adsorption of Anthraquinone Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Penicillium Terrestre

Penicillium terrestre was used for removing four anthraquinone dyes from aqueous solution. The experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and spore suspension was used for inoculation. The results show that the mechanism of dye removal by penicillium terrestre is biosorption and the growing pellets exhibit higher adsorptive capacity than the resting or dead ones. The maximum removals of disperse blue 2BLN, reactive brilliant blue KN-R, acid anthraquinone blue and bromamine acid at the concentration of 120 mg/L by biosorptionof growing pellets are 10096, 100%, 96% and 91%, respectively. The 100.0% and 91.4% KN-R removals are achieved respectively at the much higher concentration of 250 and 400 mg/L. 2.5 g/L glucose is sufficient for 100% KN-R removal by growing pellets. Salinity （NaCl） increase from 0 to 2% （W/ V） moderately accelerates both mycelium growth and KN-R removal.

Degradation of anthraquinone dyes by ozone

The decolorization of three kinds of anthraquinone dyes by ozone was investigated and the residues in the degradation solution were analyzed. The results indicate that the decolorizing effects are obvious with the decolorization efficiency of dyes all above 96% in 40 min. The pH value and TOC concentration decline while the conductivity increases with the lapse of reaction time. The complicated dye molecules are decomposed to simple compounds with —SO3H, —Cl in the dye molecules transformed into SO2-4 ,Cl-, and nitrogen partially degrades into NO 3-according to the bases of different groups. The organic acids are found in the degradation solutions and dyes with larger relative molecular mass are decomposed into substances with larger relative molecular mass.

Synthesis of Novel Monomeric Dyes with Anthraquinone Residue

Two novel polymerizable dyes with anthraquinone residue have been prepared, and their structures were characterized by FTIR, HNMR and EA. 1

Synthesis and Characterisation of Colorants Derived from 1,4-Diamino Anthraquinone Polyamides

In this study, the polycondensation products of a diamine anthraquinone (1,4-diamino anthraquinone) and some aliphatic diacids with different methylene numbers were synthesised. Their UV-visible spectroscopy and thermal properties were then characterised. The synthesis was achieved by reacting equimolar solutions of the amine and the acid halides. The structure and thermal properties of the products were characterised. FT-IR Spectra of all the three products revealed the formation of amide due to the presence of strong bands at 1565 and 3390 cm?1 assignable to C=O stretching and N-H vibrations. Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed high melting exotherms for the products. Thermogravimetry revealed moderate thermal stabilities for Poly NAM and Poly NAS and low thermal stability for Poly NAA which indicated 5.9%, 7.1% and 61.2% weight losses at 285℃, 285℃ and 374℃ for the three products respectively. The wavelengths of maximum absorbance for the dye samples are 601.5, 591 and 589 nm respectively with absorptivity coefficients (a1cm1% ) of 11640000, 11610000 and 11560000 respectively.

单线态氧主导的天然铁电气石粒子电极降解茜素红的机理研究

为克服粒子电极制备成本高、投加量大的问题,利用天然铁电气石粒子电极对典型蒽醌染料茜素红进行了快速有效降解。考察了外加电压、初始pH、染料初始质量浓度和电解质种类及浓度对茜素红降解率的影响。结果表明,最佳实验条件为外加电压为3.5 V、初始pH=5、NaCl质量浓度为4 g/L、初始染料质量浓度为20 mg/L。5次循环后铁电气石具有较高的循环稳定性。在该体系中,O_(2)在电气石表面转化生成O_(2)·-、1O_(2)活性物质,与电气石结构中的h+协同降解茜素红,可实现72.78%的COD去除率、44.85%的TOC矿化率。该方法可作为一种低成本、绿色的染料废水处理法。

氧化镍纳米片光催化降解蒽醌染料B-RN的研究

采用水热法制备NiO纳米薄片,用XRD和TEM对样品的晶型及颗粒形貌进行了表征。以蒽醌染料B-RN为对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了催化剂热处理温度、催化剂用量、光照时间、染料的初始浓度等因素对染料脱色率的影响,以及催化剂的重复利用。结果表明:NiO薄片催化剂能显著的降解蒽醌染料B-RN,且能重复利用。

蒽醌型染料分子羟基最优取代位置的多目标优化设计方法

为解决染料分子设计中染料溶解度与色谱深度2个指标的矛盾问题,首先将染料溶解度与色谱深度2个目标优化问题转化成以染料分子溶解度为优化目标函数,色谱深度函数为约束,羟基取代位置为优化变量的单目标0-1规划问题。其中染料溶解度用内聚能表示,建立了内聚能与羟基取代位置的模型;染料色谱深度用可见光波段的最大吸收光谱强度表示,建立了最大吸收光谱强度与分子母体上的羟基数和羟基取代位置的模型。然后根据蒽醌型染料分子结构的几何特征,以分子对称性为一层启发规则,排除重复取代位置,减少可行路径;通过隐数法迭代计算出在色谱深度不低于设定值条件下,内聚能减小最多的羟基最优取代位置。最后以一种蒽醌型染料母体为实例,进行不同羟基数和羟基最优取代位置及数量溶解过程模拟实验,将其溶解度与实际相似结构染料进行对比,结果表明本文分子结构优化设计方法具有有效性。

Effect of Quinoid Mediators on the Decolorization of Azo Dyes by the Strain CD-2

In the present study, the effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of azo dyes by the E. coli strain CD-2 were investigated. The results showed that Lawsone was the most effective redox mediator. The optimum concentration for Lawsone is 0.1 mmol/L. The effects of physic-chemical parameters on the Methyl Orange degradation by the strain were determined. The results indicated that, in the quinone mediated decolorization system, strain CD-2 exhibited a good degradation ability in the range of pH from 4 to 9, temperature from 20°C to 50°C and salinity from 1% to 6%. With Lawsone as a redox mediator, a broad spectrum of azo dyes with different structures could be decolorized by the strain. All the results showed that the addition of a redox mediator can be valuable for treating dye-colored wastewaters.

Characterization of Dye Sensitized Cells Using Natural Dye from Oil Bean Leaf (<i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i>): The Effect of Dye pH on the Photoelectric Parameters

Fresh leaves of oil bean (P. macrophylla) were used as sensitizers for fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) at four dye pH values of 2.58°C at 23.7°C, 2.62°C at 22.2°C, 2.65°C at 22.3°C and 3.61°C at 22.1 °C. The methanol extracts of P. macrophylla were extracted and used as sensitizers for the development of dye sensitized solar cells. The solar cells sensitized by P. macrophylla leaf extracts realised up to short circuit current (Jsc) 0.16 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) 0.045 V, Pmax 0.031 mW/ cm2 and fill factor (FF) 0.50. The energy conversion efficiency (η) of the DSSCs is 0.43%. Phytochemical screening of P. macrophylla leaf extract shows the presence of flavonoids and anthraquinones. The nanostructured dye shows conversion of solar energy into electricity using low cost natural dyes as wide band-gap semiconductor sensitizers in DSSCs. This will provide economically viable substitute to silicon p-n junction photovoltaic (PV).

栓菌4281漆酶催化几种不同结构染料脱色

栓菌4281菌株是实验室自主筛选鉴定的新型漆酶高效生产菌株,为探究其漆酶对染料脱色的作用效果,利用栓菌4281漆酶粗酶液对偶氮、蒽醌和苯甲烷类3种类型的染料进行脱色反应,分别考察不同介体类型、温度、pH值、介体浓度、给酶量、反应时间以及金属离子对染料脱色的影响。结果表明:添加介体对染料脱色效率有显著的促进作用,6种染料在8 h内基本反应完全,在各染料最适反应条件下活性蓝、茜素红、甲基橙和结晶紫的最大脱色率分别达到93.9%、92.3%、90%和90%,刚果红和碱性品红脱色率达到76.6%和75%;Mn^(2+)和高浓度的Fe^(2+)对栓菌4281漆酶催化染料脱色作用有一定的抑制,而在Na+、Mg^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)和Zn^(2+)金属离子存在下该漆酶仍能对染料保持较高的脱色率。研究表明:栓菌4281漆酶在染料脱色中具有较大的应用潜力;在环境废水的治理中具有良好的应用前景。

Bacterial degradation of anthraquinone dyes

Anthraquinone dyes,which contain anthraquinone chromophore groups,are the second largest class of dyes after azo dyes and are used extensively in textile industries.The majority of these dyes are resistant to degradation because of their complex and stable structures;consequently,a large number of anthraquinone dyes find their way into the environment causing serious pollution.At present,the microbiological approach to treating printing and dyeing wastewater is considered to be an economical and feasible method,and reports regarding the bacterial degradation of anthraquinone dyes are increasing.This paper reviews the classification and structures of anthraquinone dyes,summarizes the types of degradative bacteria,and explores the possible mechanisms and influencing factors of bacterial anthraquinone dye degradation.Present research progress and existing problems are further discussed.Finally,future research directions and key points are presented.

Anthraquinone acted as a catalyst for the removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group: Characteristics and mechanism

Herein,we found that anthraquinone(AQ)acted as a catalyst for the rapid and effective removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group(TDAG).Results showed that AQ had an enhanced catalytic reactivity towards the removal of TDAG compared to hydro-quinone,which was further proved and explained using density functional theory(DFT)calculations.AQs could achieve a TDAG removal efficiency and rate of approximately 100%and 0.3583 min^(−1),respectively,within 20 min.Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)tests indicated that the superoxide radical(O_(2)^(•−))generated through the catalytic reduction of an oxygen molecule(O_(2))by AQ contributed to the effective removal of the TDAG.In addition,itwas found that the electrophilic attack of the O_(2)^(•−)radical on the TDAG was the driving force for the dye degradation process.Decreasing the pH led to protonation of the substituted group of AG,which resulted in formation of an electron deficient center in the TDAGmolecule(TDAG-EDC+)through delocalization of the π electron.Therefore,the possibility of the electrophilic attack for the dye by the negative O_(2)^(•-)radical was significantly enhanced.This study revealed that the H+and the O_(2)^(•−)generated by the catalytic reduction of O_(2) have synergistic effects that led to a significant increase in the dye removal rate and efficiency,which were higher than those obtained through persulfate oxidation.

蒽醌染料及其中间体絮凝菌的特性

本文研究所分离到的真菌ＮＸ１对蒽醌染料ＫＮＲ及其中间体溴氨酸的作用，并考察营养条件、体系ｐＨ等因素对ＮＸ１的生长及絮凝作用的影响，结果表明，ＮＸ１对于ＫＮＲ及溴氨酸有很好的絮凝效果，对ｐＨ的适应范围广，最佳碳、氮源分别为蔗糖及尿素。

白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶对蒽醌染料SN4R脱色研究

利用白腐菌Pleurotusostreatus324粗漆酶和纯漆酶进行蒽醌染料SN4R的脱色研究.粗漆酶可使蒽醌染料SN4R脱色,最适脱色pH、温度和漆酶酶活分别为4.0、40℃和30IU/mL,12h染料脱色率为55%.纯漆酶不能使SN4R脱色,但小分子介体物质可介导纯漆酶对染料SN4R的氧化脱色,在最适条件下4h染料脱色率可达80.6%.粗漆酶添加适当浓度的介体物质,可使染料完全脱色.因此,小分子还原介体物质的存在有助于染料废水的降解和脱色.

酵母菌T-2对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

从温州市上桥一家染料厂的污泥中筛选分离到一株染料脱色优势酵母菌T 2。经初步鉴定为红酵母属 (RhodotorulaHarri sonsp .)。并研究了该菌在不同温度、pH、培养时间、染料浓度、接种量等条件下对染料脱色的情况。同时 ,还研究了不同碳源、氮源等营养条件下对活性艳蓝KN R脱色的情况。实验结果表明 :在 30℃～ 35℃温度范围内T 2菌对活性艳蓝KN R的脱色率为 89.9%～ 95.1 % ,最佳脱色温度为 35℃ ,pH值在 2 .0～ 7.0范围内T 2对活性艳蓝KN R的脱色率为 81 .7%～ 92 .6 % ,最佳脱色 pH为 3.0 ,碳源、氮源。

蒽醌类染料废水处理的研究进展

介绍了国内外蒽醌类染料废水处理方法的最新研究进展,例举了微电解-催化氧化生化处理法、流动态微波催化反应法、稀土催化-H2O2氧化耦合法、青霉菌X5法、膜分离法、电子束脱色法和光催化法。为找到高效环保的处理蒽醌类染料废水的方法提供了颇有价值的依据。

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ND1,ND2均能有效脱除活性艳蓝KN-R及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、pH值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。