Battle of Human Rights and Anti-Human Rights in Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

The Chinese Anti-Japanese War was a battle between human rights protections and abuses, between civilization and brutality, and between justice and evil. During the war, the human rights of Chinese people were completely violated by the Japanese aggressors, causing an unprecedented human rights catastrophe. At the same time, Chinese people vigorously resisted the aggression in order to defend the national survival right and safeguard the human peace against war. The history of human rights’ victory over human rights abuses tells us: aggressive wars are the most serious violations of human rights. We must protect people’s right to peace for every country in the world. In order to avoid violations of human rights by war once again, we must safeguard the international postwar order and prevent the revival of fascism, whose essences are contempt for and trample on human rights. Therefore we have to respect and protect human rights and defend both the collective rights of every nation and the individual rights of every person in the world.

Mutations in Exons of the CYP17-Ⅱ Gene Affect Sex Steroid Concentration in Male Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

As a specific gene of fish,cytochrome P450c17-Ⅱ(CYP17-Ⅱ) gene plays a key role in the growth,development and reproduction level of fish.In this study,the single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP) technique was used to characterize polymorphisms within the coding region of CYP17-Ⅱ gene in a population of 75 male Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in CYP17-Ⅱ gene of Japanese flounder.They were c.G594A(p.G188R),c.G939A and c.G1502A(p.G490D).SNP1(c.G594A),located in exon 4 of CYP17-Ⅱ gene,was significantly associated with gonadosomatic index(GSI).Individuals with genotype GG of SNP1 had significantly lower GSI(P < 0.05) than those with geno-type AA or AG.SNP2(c.G939A) located at the CpG island of CYP17-Ⅱ gene.The mutation changed the methylation of exon 6.Indi-viduals with genotype AA of SNP2 had significantly lower serum testosterone(T) level and hepatosomatic index(HSI) compared to those with genotype GG.The results suggested that SNP2 could influence the reproductive endocrine of male Japanese flounder.How-ever,the SNP3(c.G1502A) located in exon 9 did not affect the four measured reproductive traits.This study showed that CYP17-Ⅱ gene could be a potentially useful candidate gene for the research of genetic breeding and physiological aspects of Japanese flounder.

A retrospective investigation on the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus strain SA14-14-2 used live-attenuated JE vaccine

To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaque formation in BHK-21 cell cultures, and the neuro-virulence of viruses was assayed in mice with body weight of 12-14 g by intracerebral inoculation. Meanwhile, the total RNA of virus gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR with the designed primers, and then it was purified and cloned to the expression vector pGEM-T. The recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced. It was found that the loss of viral titer of vaccines stored in -20℃ for longer than 10 years was less than 0.5 Lg PFU/ml. No mice inoculated intracerebrally showed signs of illness or even death. The size of plagues of the vaccine virus remained to be small, and the E genes of primary virus seed SA14-14-2 and the vaccines prepared at different years （1987-2001） were unchanged, in- cluding the 8 critical amino acid sites which were different from the parent wild virus strain SA14 and the related neuro-virulence. These results indicate that the genotypic and biological characteristics of the attenuated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 and its vaccines sion noted. prepared are quite stable without any reversion noted.

有机合成化学中新的构件——Japanese试剂

介绍了 Japanese试剂的制备、结构和化学反应。并就 Japanese试剂在有机合成中的应用加以概述。

基于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯电化学免疫传感器检测Anti-IgG含量的研究

应用物理吸附法将羊抗人IgG抗原直接固定于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯修饰的金电极表面,制备电化学免疫传感器。采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对传感器进行表征,结果表明该传感器适合检测Anti-IgG浓度。同时探讨了缓冲液pH值、扫描速度、免疫反应温度、抗原与抗体配比对循环伏安峰电流的影响,结果表明在5-100mV/s扫速范围内,峰电流与扫速呈线性。孵育最优条件为25℃,h-IgG与Anti-IgG配比为1∶1。循环伏安法研究还表明Anti-IgG浓度在0.01-260μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r^2=0.993,检出限（S/N=3）为0.006μg/L,据此建立了检测Anti-IgG浓度的新方法。

信号分子IRAK1/4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF中的作用探讨

目的:探讨IRAK1和IRAK4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导单核细胞株THP-1表达组织因子(TF)中的作用。方法:利用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)、TF活性试剂盒分别检测THP-1细胞表达TF mRNA及TF活性;Western blot检测anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、磷酸化-IRAK1(p-IRAK1)、IRAK4情况;观察IRAK1/4抑制物是否干预anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1表达TF。结果:Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1细胞表达TF显著增加(P<0.05 vs control);Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)刺激THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、p-IRAK1、IRAK4(蛋白)显著升高(P<0.05 vscontrol);IRAK1/4抑制物(50μmol/L)能够阻断antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1表达TF及IRAK1磷酸化的效应。结论:antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF过程中,信号分子IRAK1/4被激活进而发挥重要作用。

Japanese试剂的合成新方法

用二甲苯作溶剂来代替 1 ,2 ,4 -三氯苯使五硫化二磷和硫酚反应 ,制得的 Japanese试剂产率由 5 8%提高到 72 %

三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面的S_t^1×S_s^1-值光锥Gauss映射的奇点分类

利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kronecker曲率之间的关系;并研究了Lorentzian曲面的一些基本几何性质.

近代重庆城市发展中沙磁地区的空间形态演变(1926-1946)

以1926年市政组织成立至1946年抗战胜利期间重庆在行政地位、市域范围、社会文化等方面的城市发展为线索,基于重庆城市近代化进程三个阶段:城市发展探索期、城市发展突进期、城市发展调整期的背景下,以小区域人文地理的视角及方法,研究重庆西郊沙磁地区的空间结构、区域定位、产业布局的演变与特征,指出沙磁地区在自主发展与疏散迁建的共同影响下,经历了单极主导—组团发展—区域融合的空间形态演变进程。在这段特殊的城市近代化中,沙磁地区受到山水格局、战争刺激、政治权力等因素的驱动,由传统场镇迅速转化为近代重庆的主要功能区与远郊发展的过渡区域,形成了现代沙磁地区的小组团的空间格局基础,空间形态的演进呈现出鲜明的阶段性特征和“小组团结构”的不均衡态势。研究以沙磁地区为典例,根据区域与城市的拓扑映射,再现近代重庆城市史中沙磁地区的空间发展进程,旨在为重庆近代小区域研究的深入进行理论与实践的补充,并为今后城市规划与发展提供经验与启示。

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

近代在华英文报刊对华报道研究--以《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》对抗战时期无锡的报道为案例

《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》作为近代西方人在上海创办的知名英文报纸,无论发行数量还是影响力都位居同时期各类在华外文报刊的前列。本文以这两份著名英文报纸为主要史料,以抗战时期的无锡为案例,说明二者是如何报道抗战期间的无锡的;同时对两份报纸中有关抗战期间无锡报道的内容与立场进行对比,指出《字林西报》与《上海泰晤士报》虽同为近代西方人在上海创办的英文刊物,但二者代表着不同国家的利益,这是影响两份英文报纸对华报道的关键因素。

Testing of Anti-stripping Property of Friction Spun Core Yarn

Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a method to test the anti - stripping property of the core yarn. With a modified Universal Testing Machine, the stripping resistance of friction spun core yarn can be continuously measured. Some factors Influencing the measurements are discussed in detail. The testing results are compared with those from a Y731 Yarn Abrasion Tester and fur - ther confirmed by weaving practice.

我国抗战历史文献整理研究--以《中国抗战大后方历史文献联合目录》的编制为例

为解决抗战时期历史文献资料查找难、搜集难等问题,重庆图书馆编制了《中国抗战大后方历史文献联合目录》。编制者利用问卷调查和实地调研法确定重点收录单位,并针对重点单位展开实地调研和数据收集,其所收文献与过去掌握的数量相比,图书多出近100%、期刊多出约75%。但联合目录的编制仅依赖一个课题组的力量,存在文献普查规划估计不足、普查与审核结果不尽如人意等问题。抗战历史文献普查是民国文献普查工作的一部分,根据此次文献普查经验,建议将民国文献普查纳入国家文化发展战略规划;建立相应的机构,落实人员经费;建立全国性领导机构,统一规范调查对象、调查内容和调查技术方法等。

抗战时期重庆民众对日军轰炸的意识演变——以1938-1943年《国民公报》等报刊为主体的考察

1938年2月日机开始对重庆实施轰炸之初,虽然引起了重庆民众的惶恐不安,但由于盲目迷信观念和侥幸心理作祟,在对待政府所倡导消极防空最善之法——疏散人口上,市民遵从政府的劝导者不多,而徘徊观望者众。经过1939年5月至1941年9月间的狂轰滥炸后,民众的反应仍然呈现出两种截然不同的倾向,一为镇静有序、遵命而行;一为听天由命、罔顾政令。至1941年10月后,随着日机对重庆轰炸次数的逐渐减少,重庆民众对于轰炸之惨状,似乎也随时间的流逝而逐渐淡忘,重新回到关心自己当下的、琐碎的、现实利益的生活轨道,对防空等战时公共事务不再多加关注。

抗日战争的历史记忆与文学（专题讨论）--历史记忆与21世纪的东亚学

杨义从东亚学的角度阐发了战争的历史记忆，认为我们今天所要讨论的历史记忆，就是从文学与战争的关系中，正视和剖析那场沉重的东亚地图的撕裂和反撕裂的战争，及其至今尚未得到平复的严重的后遗症，从中寻求人类的正义感、责任感民族以及民族和国家之间正常、健康、和好、互惠发展的历史可能性。严家炎探讨了抗战时期启蒙与救亡的关系，认为在抗日战争这个“救亡”的高潮时期，文学中的”启蒙”仍与”抗日”结伴而行，并没有停止。“启蒙”任务后来被取消，真正的原因在革命队伍内部，是封建思想侵袭革命队伍的结果。王富仁一方面分析了战争记忆与战争文学之间的区别，认为战争文学应当是作家从战争记忆中做出的一种人性的反思；另一方面分析了中外战争文学的差异，认为理想的战争文学应当充盈可贵的人类意识和人性意识。黄修己对战争文学做了深刻的反思，认为我们在政治层面上歌颂正义战争的同时，还应该从人性层面上批判战争。战争文学最主要的不是战争中的宣传鼓动作用，而是通过影响人的感情来提升人性。吴福辉提出了“大抗战文学”的概念，并深入分析了五种类型的“战争体验”小说，认为这些作品将战时特殊的体验延伸到对民族性的自省，凝结为战争文学的最好的结晶。刘增杰深入论述了抗战反思文学思潮，认为在这种反思文学中，一类偏重于对现实政治层面弊端进行揭露与鞭挞；另一类则站在人类的立场，从精神层面对民族惰性进行剖析。指出：反思文学是抗战文学结出的最成熟的果实，抗战反思文学中保留着永具活力民族记忆。秦弓将眼光投向了已经淡出人们历史记忆的反映抗日战争正面战场的文学创作和文学研究，认为表现正面战场的文学创作取得了丰硕的成果，留下了关于抗战的珍贵的民族记忆。应该珍惜这笔宝贵的文学财富，全面启动抗战文学与正面战场的研究，借以填补现代文学史不应有的空白。

课本也抗战--《国防教科书》之研究

抗战时期教科书也是爱国救亡的重要推动力量,特别是在民族危机的非常时刻,它在唤起民族觉醒方面功不可没。仅仅出现在抗日战争时期的《国防教科书》,是抗战时期一种特殊的突显时代特色的教科书,是最典型的抗战教科书之一。《国防教科书》是教科书发展史上罕见的不是以学科命名而是以国家在非常时期的特定形势来命名的教科书。在各种《国防教科书》中,又以共产党胶东根据地的《国防教科书》为最突出之代表。它特别强调为什么要抗战、从哪些方面抗战、谁来抗战以及抗战将会有什么结局等内容。尽管《国防教科书》质量高下不匀,纸质低劣,印刷粗糙,字迹模糊,但它们以浓厚的抗战特色异峰突起,小小的课本为中国伟大的抗战做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

南京国民政府战前铁路战备述论(1931-1937)

从1931年到全面抗战爆发之前,南京国民政府为了应对日本的侵略以及国防的需要实施了铁路战备措施。"九·一八"事变后,南京国民政府内部就开始蕴育铁路战备意识,并以国防设计委员会为依托制定了铁路战备决策。1935年国民党"五大"的召开实现了其策略由对内"剿共"到对外抗日的转变。此后,南京国民政府以铁道部为铁路战备的领导核心,积极主动实行了一系列举措,如线路规划、铁路建设筹款、修筑战备铁路以及铁路员工的军事训练等,来推动铁路战备措施的落实,并取得了较大的成绩。南京国民政府所做的战前铁路战备努力,着眼于战备铁路的规划和建设,运输能力的增强和提升,更具战略意义,为全面抗战初期国民政府的军事抵抗奠定了重要基础,但同时也有一些局限性。

知识青年奔赴延安:一项战时交通社会史的考察(1937-1945)

抗战时期知识青年之所以选择延安作为行程目的地,是因为红色革命在陕北的蓬勃发展以及中共向外部世界不遗余力地宣传延安,使其延安之行获得了足够的动力。在知识青年奔赴延安的路线上,以八路军驻各地办事处为主的中共各级各类机构进行了严密的谋划和安排,使数万名热血青年的朝圣之旅得以成行,安抵终点。中共对到达延安的知识青年进行了妥善安置,使其不仅停留在快乐的生活体验中,而且在延安得到了成长。

华北抗日根据地“组织起来”革命话语建构的历史考察(1943-1945)

抗日战争后期,中国共产党领导的根据地普遍出现严重困难的局面。为此,毛泽东对组织农民的问题不断进行探索,于1943年11月明确提出"组织起来"的口号,并将之作为大生产运动的中心任务而推广至华北抗日根据地。之后,"组织起来"革命话语开始全面建构。华北抗日根据地以利益诱致、广泛宣传、思想教育与典型示范等为手段,以变工组、合作社等多样化形式为载体,把农民组织起来,成功渡过难关,在农业生产、农村社会文化乃至农民性格的改造方面发挥了重要作用。华北抗日根据地"组织起来"革命话语的建构成为新中国成立后中国共产党农村革命话语建构的蓝本,为农业合作化和集体化运动的开展提供了经验与借鉴。