Coseismic Coulomb stress changes induced by a 2020-2021 M_(W)>7.0 Alaska earthquake sequence in and around the Shumagin gap and its influence on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface

Three M_(W)>7.0 earthquakes in 2020-2021 occurred in the Shumagin seismic gap and its adjacent area of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone,including the Mw7.8 Simeonof thrust earthquake on July 22,2020,the M_(W)7.6 Sand Point strike-slip earthquake on October 19,2020,and the M_(W)8.2 Chignik thrust earthquake on July 29,2021.The spatial and temporal proximity of these three earthquakes prompts us to probe stress-triggering effects among them.Here we examine the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the three earthquakes and their influence on the subduction interface.Our results show that:(1)The Simeonof earthquake has strong loading effects on the subsequent Sand Point and Chignik earthquakes,with the Coulomb stress changes of 3.95 bars and 2.89 bars,respectively.The Coulomb stress change caused by the Sand Point earthquake at the hypocenter of the Chignik earthquake is merely around 0.01 bars,suggesting the negligible triggering effect on the latter earthquake;(2)The triggering effects of the Simeonof,Sand Point,and Chignik earthquakes on aftershocks within three months are not well pronounced because of the triggering rates of 38%,14%,and 43%respectively.Other factors may have played an important role in promoting the occurrence of these aftershocks,such as the roughness of the subduction interface,the complicated velocity structure of the lithosphere,and the heterogeneous prestress therein;(3)The three earthquakes caused remarkable coseismic Coulomb stress changes at the subduction interface nearby these mainshocks,with an average Coulomb stress change of 3.2 bars in the shallow region directly inwards the trench.

Exercise-induced modulation of miR-149-5p and MMP9 in LPS-triggered diabetic myoblast ER stress: licorice glycoside E as a potential therapeutic target

Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.

Modulation of the in vitro Oxidative Stress and Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Integrity Using Aqueous, Hydroethanolic and Ethanolic Stem-Barks Extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc

Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxidants defence system. The aim of this experimental study focused on the capacity of nontoxic aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens to regulate free reactive species and protein inflammation generated by infectious disease. The phytochemical screenings of G. suaveolens extracts were carried out according to precipitation and colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium Chloride ethanolic methods. The efficiency of G. suaveolens extracts on free radicals was evaluated using DPPH•, ABTS+•, and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated according to in vitro protein (BSA) denaturation, Proteinase Inhibitory Action, and Red Blood Cell Membrane stabilization assays. The G. suaveolens aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts were used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. The obtained results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols as secondary metabolites families in G. suaveolens extracts. The highest contents of total antioxidants and flavonoids were highlighted in the hydroethanolic extract. However, it’s the G. suaveolens aqueous extract that showed the best free radical DPPH• and ABTS+• scavenging activities (SC50) of 11.06 μg/mL and 15.16 μg/mL respectively. The highest ferric-reducing activity was found in G. suaveolens ethanolic extract with 866.23 μg EGA/mg of dry weight. The hydroethanolic extract has shown a high anti-inflammatory activity through BSA denaturation and erythrocyte membrane haemolysis with inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC50) of 48.63 and 59.22 μg/mL respectively. In contrast, proteinase inhibitory activity revealed a better potential of IC50 (34.19 μg/mL) for the ethanolic extract. In oral acute toxicity, all treated groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behaviour and locomotion. The lethal dose 50 (LD50) of G. suaveolens extracts was >5000 mg/kg. These results suggest that G. suaveolens stem-barks extracts may serve as therapeutic sources to prevent inflammation induced by oxidative stress, an important feature of infectious diseases.

Exosomes derived from microglia overexpressing miR-124-3p alleviate neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress damage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we first used an HT22 scratch injury model to mimic traumatic brain injury,then co-cultured the HT22 cells with BV2 microglia expressing high levels of miR-124-3p.We found that exosomes containing high levels of miR-124-3p attenuated apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Furthermore,luciferase reporter assay analysis confirmed that miR-124-3p bound specifically to the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein IRE1α,while an IRE1αfunctional salvage experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targeted IRE1αand reduced its expression,thereby inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in injured neurons.Finally,we delivered microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p intranasally to a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels in hippocampal neurons were significantly reduced.These findings suggest that,after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury,miR-124-3 can be transferred from microglia-derived exosomes to injured neurons,where it exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Therefore,microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Study on the Effects of Chinese Herb Additive on Milk Yield and Anti-heat Stress Ability of Holstein Cow

[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow.[Method] 36 Holstein cows with similar birth order and milk yield were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group, Chinese medicine Ⅰ group and Chinese medicine Ⅱ group. In control group, cows were fed with basic feed, while in Chinese medicine Ⅰ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 4% compound Chinese herb additive and in Chinese medicine Ⅱ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 3% compound Chinese herb additive.All cows in the 3 groups were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Adding some compound Chinese herb additive into basic feed would increase milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow,besides,it also could decrease cow diseases such as cow mastitis.Chinese medicine Ⅰ would generate the highest economic benefit of practical production.[Conclusion] Adding Chinese herb additive into basic feed is an effective way for reliefing heat stress and increasing milk yield.

紫斑牡丹花粉对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的影响

目的探究紫斑牡丹花粉对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆力及氧化应激损伤的影响。方法60只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性组、紫斑牡丹花粉组(750、1500、3000 mg·kg^(-1)),采用颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(500 mg·kg^(-1)),制备亚急性衰老模型。Morris水迷宫评估小鼠学习记忆力;HE、DAPI染色评估肝、脑组织细胞损伤情况;ELISA法检测小鼠血清、肝脑组织内MDA、T-AOC、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT及γ-H2AX、SA-β-Gal水平。结果水迷宫实验结果表明,紫斑牡丹花粉能明显提高衰老小鼠的学习记忆力。组织染色结果表明,紫斑牡丹花粉对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠肝脑组织细胞损伤具有保护作用,且高剂量组作用最为明显。ELISA结果显示,与模型组比较,紫斑牡丹花粉各剂量组的MDA、γ-H2AX、SA-β-Gal水平降低,T-AOC、GSH-Px、SOD、CAT水平升高。结论紫斑牡丹花粉能改善D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的学习记忆力,提高衰老小鼠体内抗氧化酶活性和清除自由基、脂质过氧化物的能力,保护肝脑脏器组织细胞免受氧化损伤,提示其具有潜在的延缓衰老的作用。

A fractional differential constitutive model for dynamic stress intensity factors of an anti-plane crack in viscoelastic materials

Fractional differential constitutive relationships are introduced to depict the history of dynamic stress inten- sity factors （DSIFs） for a semi-infinite crack in infinite viscoelastic material subjected to anti-plane shear impact load. The basic equations which govern the anti-plane deformation behavior are converted to a fractional wave-like equation. By utilizing Laplace and Fourier integral transforms, the fractional wave-like equation is cast into an ordinary differential equation （ODE）. The unknown function in the solution of ODE is obtained by applying Fourier transform directly to the boundary conditions of fractional wave-like equation in Laplace domain instead of solving dual integral equations. Analytical solutions of DSIFs in Laplace domain are derived by Wiener-Hopf technique and the numerical solutions of DSIFs in time domain are obtained by Talbot algorithm. The effects of four parameters α, β, b1, b2 of the fractional dif- ferential constitutive model on DSIFs are discussed. The numerical results show that the present fractional differential constitutive model can well describe the behavior of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in viscoelastic materials, and the model is also compatible with solutions of DSIFs of anti-plane fracture in elastic materials.

Reducing Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Acid-Base Balance, Plasma Minerals Level and Anti-Oxidative Stress of Female Goats

Reducing dietary cation-anion difference （DCAD） has been proved an effective way to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. Based on the similar physiological gastro-intestinal tract anatomy and metabolic process between female goats and dairy cows, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying DCAD on fluid acid-base status, plasma minerals concentration and anti-oxidative stress capacity of female goats. Urinary pH, plasma Ca, P and Mg; and anti-oxidative stress indices of total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）, hydrogen peroxide （HzO2）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were determined to evaluate the effect. Forty-eight Guizhou black female goats （（15±1.9） mon of old, （22.3±3.75） kg of BW） were randomly allocated to 4 blocks of 12 goats each and were fed 1 of 4 diets differed in DCAD level （calculated as Na＋K-C1-S, mEq kg-1 DM）. Levels of DCAD were preliminarily designed to be control （＋ 150 mEq kg^-1 DM, CON）, high DCAD （＋300 mEq kg^-1 DM, HD）, low DCAD （0 mEq kg^-1 DM, LD） and negative DCAD （-150 mEq kg^-1 DM, ND）, respectively. A commercial anionic salts （Animate） and sodium bicarbonate （NaHCO3） were supplemented to reduce and increase DCAD level, respectively. There was no difference in dry matter intake for 4 groups of goats. Urine pH was aggressively decreased （P〈0.0001） with reduced DCAD and there was a strong association between DCAD and urine pH （R2=0.793, P〈0.0001）. Compared with CON and HD feeding of LD and ND resulted in greater （P〈0.05） plasma Ca concentration. Plasma P level was increased （P〈0.05） when anionic salts were supplemented. The DCAD alteration did not affected （P〉0.05） plasma Mg level. There was no significant （P〉0.05） difference in plasma GSH-Px activity and H202, but anionic salts supplementation in LD and ND significantly increased （P〈0.05） plasma T-SOD activity and tended to reduce MDA （P〈0.1） over HD and CON. Results from this study indicated that reducing DCAD could decrease urine pH and increase plasma Ca concentration of female goats. Additionally, reducing DCAD was helpful to enhance anti-oxidative stress capability of female goats.

Evaluation of Post-operative Anti-stress Response of Dexmedetomidine in Dogs

The stress response, caused by postoperative pain, may have adverse effects on physiological functions of bodies. And, it has been a research priority in veterinary anesthesia that is a method of minimizing the postoperative stress response. The paper aimed to explore the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on stress induced by surgical trauma by studying the effect of dexmedetomidine on the blood glucose, serum cortisol （Cor） and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） levels in the model of canine stress induced by surgical trauma. Therefore, 32 local healthy female dogs with similar physical conditions, aged from 11.3±2.4 months and meanbody mass （±SD） （7.7±2.2） kg, were randomly divided into four groups： control group DZ （10 min after administration of intramuscular injection of 2 mL normal saline）, group SQY （10 min before administration of intramuscular injection of 20 μg ？ kg-1 dexmedetomidine）, group SHY （10 min after administration of intramuscular injection of 20 μg ？ kg-1 dexmedetomidine） and group DLD （10 min after administration of intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL ？ kg-1 tilidine）. The corresponding drug was sucked out and diluted to 2 mL by saline. The four groups were all excised the uterus and ovaries and established surgical trauma stress model, then given the prescribed dose of the drug on the day of operation, the next day and the 3rd day. Besides, the dogs should be fasted during the days of drug administration. Blood samples were separated and taken to measure, blood glucose, serum Cor and ACTH concentration. The concentration of blood glucose was significantly lower in group SHY than that in group DZ on the day of surgery and the day after surgery （p〈0.05）, besides, it was not obviously different from other two groups. While, the concentration of Cor in group SHY had no significant differences from other three groups （p〉0.05） and was closer to the preoperative values; ACTH concentration in group SHY was significantly different from other three groups on the day of operation （p〈0.05）, and there existed significant difference （p〈0.05） with group DZ on the 2nd day after the operation. The results of analyses showed that 20 μg ？ kg-1dexmedetomidine could decrease the levels of Cor and ACTH in dog serum after operation, which played the role of anti-stress response stimulated by operations.

Effect of flight transport stress on blood parameters in beagles and the anti-stress effect of dangshen

Background: This study investigated the effect of flight transport stress on beagles' routine blood indexes and biochemical parameters and evaluated the anti-stress effect of dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula).Methods: We selected 12 beagles and divided them into two groups. One group was treated with dangshen decoction two hours before the flight, and the other group was untreated. Their routine blood indexes and clinical biochemical parameters were tested and analyzed before transport, after unloading and after adaptation for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after administering dangshen.Results: We found that flight transportation stress adversely influenced many of the beagles' routine blood indexes. These recovered during adaptation, with dangshen administration assisting recovery of most indexes. Flight transport stress also adversely influenced biochemical indexes in the beagles. Again these recovered during adaptation, and dangshen aided in the recovery.Conclusion: Thus, we found that flight transport adversely affected the beagles' blood indexes, and dangshen reversed the damage from transport stress.

The soybean GmPUB21-interacting protein GmDi19-5 responds to drought and salinity stresses via an ABA-dependent pathway

Drought-induced protein 19(Di19) is a Cys2/His2 zinc-finger protein that functions in plant growth and development and in tolerance to abiotic stresses.Gm PUB21,an E3 ubiquitin ligase,negatively regulates drought and salinity response in soybean.We identified potential interaction target proteins of Gm PUB21by yeast two-hybrid c DNA library screening,Gm Di19-5 as a candidate.Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and glutathionine-S-transferase pull-down assays confirmed the interaction between Gm Di19-5 and Gm PUB21.Gm Di19-5 was induced by Na Cl,drought,and abscisic acid(ABA) treatments.Gm Di19-5 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus.Gm Di19-5 overexpression conferred hypersensitivity to drought and high salinity,whereas Gm Di19-5 silencing increased drought and salinity tolerance.Transcripts of ABA-and stress response-associated genes including Gm RAB18 and Gm DREB2A were downregulated in Gm Di19-5-overexpressing plants under drought and salinity stresses.ABA decreased the protein level of Gm Di19-5 in vivo,whereas Gm PUB21 increased the decrease of Gm Di19-5 after exogenous ABA application.The accumulation of Gm PUB21 was also inhibited by Gm Di19-5.We conclude that Gm PUB21 and Gm Di19-5 collaborate to regulate drought and salinity tolerance via an ABA-dependent pathway.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

基于Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1通路探讨虎杖苷对衰老小鼠学习认知障碍的作用机制

目的研究虎杖苷对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的调节作用。方法将56只ICR小鼠(雌雄各半)分为正常组、模型组、阳性组、虎杖苷低、中、高治疗组,通过每日颈后部皮下注射D-半乳糖(500 mg·kg^(-1))建立衰老模型。造模期间,阳性组灌胃盐酸多奈哌齐片(0.75 mg·kg^(-1)),治疗组灌胃虎杖苷(40、70、100 mg·kg^(-1)),正常组给予等量生理盐水。通过筑巢实验、新型物体识别实验与Morris水迷宫实验评估小鼠学习认知能力;取小鼠心、肝、脾、肾、胸腺计算脏器指数;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠全脑组织病理变化;ELISA检测小鼠血清与全脑组织中T-SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、AchE水平;Western blot检测小鼠海马组织Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果较模型组相比,阳性组与虎杖苷低、中、高剂量组小鼠的筑巢能力、对新物体的识别能力与水下寻找站台的能力有所上升;脏器指数增加;大脑皮层与海马组织的神经元损伤明显改善;血清与脑组织中T-SOD、GSH-Px活性升高,MDA、AchE活性下降;海马组织中Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平上升,Keap1蛋白表达水平降低。结论虎杖苷对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的学习认知障碍具有改善作用,其机制可能与Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1通路有关。

Z α-1 antitrypsin deficiency and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

The serine proteinase inhibitor α-1 antitrypsin(AAT) is produced principally by the liver at the rate of 2 g/d.It is secreted into the circulation and provides an antiprotease protective screen throughout the body but most importantly in the lung,where it can neutralise the activity of the serine protease neutrophil elastase.Mutations leading to def iciency in AAT are associated with liver and lung disease.The most notable is the Z AAT mutation,which encodes a misfolded variant of the AAT protein in which the glutamic acid at position 342 is replaced by a lysine.More than 95% of all individuals with AAT def iciency carry at least one Z allele.ZAAT protein is not secreted effectively and accumulates intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER) of hepatocytes and other AAT-producing cells.This results in a loss of function associated with decreased circulating and intrapulmonary levels of AAT.However,the misfolded protein acquires a toxic gain of function that impacts on the ER.A major function of the ER is to ensure correct protein folding.ZAAT interferes with this function and promotes ER stress responses and inflammation.Here the signalling pathways activated during ER stress in response to accumulation of ZAAT are described and therapeutic strategies that can potentially relieve ER stress are discussed.

基于AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路探讨菟丝子多糖改善大鼠运动能力的作用及机制

【目的】基于腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)信号通路探讨菟丝子多糖改善大鼠运动能力的作用及潜在机制。【方法】将大鼠50只分为正常对照组、运动模型组及菟丝子多糖低、中、高剂量组(10、200和400 mg/kg),除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠进行游泳训练。游泳至力竭后,测定各组大鼠血清抗疲劳指标以及肝组织能量代谢和氧化应激指标,AMPKα和PGC-1αmRNA的表达水平,磷酸化AMPKα(p-AMPKα)、AMPKα和PGC-1α的蛋白表达水平。【结果】与运动模型组相比,菟丝子多糖低、中、高剂量组大鼠游泳力竭时间显著或极显著延长,血清尿素氮、乳酸、皮质酮以及肝组织丙二醛含量极显著减少,血清睾酮以及肝组织糖原、钠钾ATP酶、钙镁ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平显著增加,肝组织AMPKαmRNA及其蛋白表达无明显变化,PGC-1αmRNA及p-AMPKα、PGC-1α蛋白表达极显著增加。【结论】菟丝子多糖可提升高强度大运动量训练大鼠的运动能力,且该作用与抗疲劳、增加能量物质储备、抑制氧化应激及活化AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路等有关。

STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS CALCULATION IN ANTI-PLANE FRACTURE PROBLEM BY ORTHOGONAL INTEGRAL EXTRACTION METHOD BASED ON FEMOL

For an anti-plane problem, the differential operator is self-adjoint and the corresponding eigenfunctions belong to the Hilbert space. The orthogonal property between eigenfunctions （or between the derivatives of eigenfunctions） of anti-plane problem is exploited. We developed for the first time two sets of radius-independent orthogonal integrals for extraction of stress intensity factors （SIFs）, so any order SIF can be extracted based on a certain known solution of displacement （an analytic result or a numerical result）. Many numerical examples based on the finite element method of lines （FEMOL） show that the present method is very powerful and efficient.

Role of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade pathway and anti-stress response in liver transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway and anti-stress response of hepatocytes after liver transplantation. METHODS: Ten normal liver specimens and 18 punctured donor liver specimens were divided into 3 groups: A (control: 10), B (no rejection: 10) and C (acute rejection:8). MAPK, Ras, Jun and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were tested immunohistochemically while Ras and HSP70 were tested by in situ hybridization. All sections were subjected to image analysis. RESULTS: Protein expressions of MAPK, Ras and Jun were increased by an ascending order of groups A, B and C. The protein expression of HSP70 was the highest in group B but lower in group C. Expressions of Ras and HSP7O mRNA were consistent with those of protein. CONCLUSIONS: The changes of the MAPK cascade pathway and anti-stress response of hepatocytes after liver transplantation are one of regulation mechanisms for protecting the hepatocytes from damage after liver transplantation. This mechanism is active to support individual survival.

Effects of Chinese Herb Additive on Milk Yield and Anti-heat Stress Ability of Holstein Cows

[Objective] To explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein diary cow. [Method] A total of 36 Holstein cows at same parity and with similar milk yield were randomly divided into three groups, namely, control group, Chinese medi- cine group I and Chinese medicine group I1. The cows in the Chinese medicine group I were fed basal diet containing 4% compound Chinese herb additive; those in the Chinese medicine group II were fed basal diet containing 3% compound Chinese herb additive; and those in the control group were fed common basal diet. All cows in the three groups were analyzed comparatively. [Result] Supplementing some compound Chinese herb ad- ditive into basal diet increased milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cows, besides, it also decreased cow diseases like cow mastitis. The Chinese medicine group I generated the highest economic benefit of practical production. [ Conclusion] Supplementing Chinese herb additive in- to basal diet is an effective way to relieve heat stress and increase milk yield.

Anti-Plane Elasticity Problem and Mode Ⅲ Crack Problem of Cubic Quasicrystal

The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.

Temperature and stress fields in electron beam welded Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel joint with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.