Preparation and property of spinel LiMn_2O_4 material by co-doping anti-electricity ions

LiMn2-xMxO4-yFy(x=0.05; y=0.05; M=Al, Co, Cr and Mg, separately), as the cathode material, was synthesized by the method of high temperature solid-state reaction in laboratory. The results of charge-discharge test show that the properties of LiMn1.95M0.05O3.95F0.05(M= Al, Mg) are obviously superior to those of LiMn2O4. Through the condition experiments on sintering temperature, it is found that the materials present the integrate crystal structure and favorable cycle performance at 800 ℃. The research on the effects of different Mg2+ sources on the properties of LiMn2-xMgxO4-yFy shows that, with Mg(OH)2 and LiF as the reagents respectively offering Mg2+ and F?, LiMn1.95Mg0.05O3.95F0.05 synthesized has integrate crystal structure and its capacity hardly fades. The results of cyclic voltammetry indicate that the shape of two couples of redox peaks of the material synthesized by co-doping anti-electricity ions is more integrate and symmetrical than that of pure spinel LiMn2O4, which reveals that the co-doping material possesses preferable electrochemical reversibility.

A Comparative Study on Several Anti-Corrosion Materials for Power FGD System

In the study organic-inorganic hybrid composite, epoxy modified silicone coating and vinyl ester flake mastic were comparatively used as several anti-corrosion materials that provided protection for flue gas desulfu-rization (FGD). The relationship between curing conversion rate of hybrid polymer and temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The adhesion strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and flame retardant properties of three anti-corrosion materials were measured and analyzed. A corrosion test in 8% H2SO4 and 5% HCl at temperature cycle of 40°C~ 160°C was applied to study corrosion resistance of several anti-corrosion materials. Gravimetric measurement and morphological observation of three materials before and after corrosion test were comparatively analyzed in the paper. The small weight change and good morphological structure of hybrid composite during corrosion test demonstrate that hybrid composite has better anti-corrosion properties than epoxy modified silicone coating and vinyl ester flake mastic.

Dynamic anti-plane analysis for two symmetrically interfacial cracks near circular cavity in piezoelectric bi-materials

The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave （SH-wave）. An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green＇s function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.

Research on a New Type of Anti-radiation Polymeric Material

Aiming at the harmfulness of and protection from ionizing radiation, this paper will centre on the design and synthesis technology of a new type of polymeric material which is stable at the ionizing radiation from 10-11 to 10-8 meter wave. The material is made up of epoxy resin 6101, curing agent phenolic-aniline resin, which is developed by the authors, and other auxilliary agents. This material is stable at the radiation of 107Gy,and its physical and chemical properties are excellent.

ANTI-PLANE CRACK MOVING ALONG THE INTERFACE OF DISSIMILAR PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

The problem of an anti-plane Griffith crack moving along the interface of dissimilar piezoelectric materials is solved by using the integral transform technique. It is shown from the result that the intensity factors of anti-plane stress and electric displacement around the crack tip are dependent on the speed of the Griffith crack as well as the material coefficients. When the two piezoelectric materials are identical, the present result will be reduced to the result far the problem of an anti-plane moving Griffith crack in homogeneous piezoelectric materials.

ANTI-PLANE FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL INFINITE STRIP WITH FINITE WIDTH

The special case of a crack under mode Ⅲ conditions was treated, lying parallel to the edges of an infinite strip with finite width and with the shear modulus varying exponentially perpendicular to the edges. By using Fourier transforms the problem was formulated in terms of a singular integral equation. It was numerically solved by representing the unknown dislocation density by a truncated series of Chebyshev polynomials leading to a linear system of equations. The stress intensity factor （SIF） results were discussed with respect to the influences of different geometric parameters and the strength of the non-homogeneity. It was indicated that the SIF increases with the increase of the crack length and decreases with the increase of the rigidity of the material in the vicinity of crack. The SIF of narrow strip is very sensitive to the change of the non-homogeneity parameter and its variation is complicated. With the increase of the non-homogeneity parameter, the stress intensity factor may increase, decrease or keep constant, which is mainly determined by the strip width and the relative crack location. If the crack is located at the midline of the strip or if the strip is wide, the stress intensity factor is not sensitive to the material non-homogeneity parameter.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR A MODE Ⅲ CRACK IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

A mode Ⅲ crack problem in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material subjected to uniform loads at infinity is studied based on exact boundary conditions. The complex potential approach is used to reduce the problem to Hilbert problem. As a result, closed form field solutions in the piezoelectric material and inside the crack are presented. It is shown that the stresses and electric displacement have square root singularities at the crack tips, but the electric field is uniform everywhere in the material and equal to the remote applied one. It is also found that the electric displacement intensity factor depends on both material properties and the mechanical loads, but not the electric loads. Hence it may be concluded that the electric loads have no influence on the field singularities.

The Properties of Road Base Course Materials of Granular Soils Stabilized by AGS Granular Soil Stabilizing Cement

The properties of road base course materials of granular soils stabilized by AGS granular soil stabilizing cement were studied.The AGS cement has an expansibility to a certain degree,so the dry shrinkage of AGS cement paste and AGS stabilized granular is much lower than that of Portland slag cement.AGS has a good suitability to granular soils.Granular soils stabilized by AGS have a much higher strength than that of soils stabilized by P S cement.The same strength can be reached with 20% reduction of cement dosage for AGS cement.And their elastic and resilient modulus are similar,but the former has a much higher tensile splitting strength,so the AGS stabilized granular has a much better anti-cracking performance than that of the P S stabilized granular.The reduced value of the strength and the density with the retard time for the granular soils stabilized by AGS is lower than that for P S cement.

煤矿负碳高效充填开采理论与技术构想

矿山安全高效绿色低碳开采是永恒的主题,近零冲击地压、近零生态损害以及低碳、零碳、负碳的绿色开采将成为保障我国能源安全供应与绿色低碳发展的新要求。充填开采是实现这一要求的必然途径。然而,现有充填开采原理与技术装备体系难以突破高产高效、低碳开采的技术瓶颈,对充填材料及充填模式进行变革已势在必行。针对“千米深井资源开发和千万吨产能矿井充填(两个一千)”与“近零生态损害和近零冲击地压(两个近零)”的煤炭绿色低碳开采战略目标,提出了负碳高效充填开采技术全新构想,系统阐述了负碳高效充填开采的定义与科学内涵,提出和建立了由CO_(2)、矸石与快速胶结物混合而成的负碳高孔隙充填材料结构CGIF(CO_(2)Gangue Inorganic Framework)拓扑构型与强度理论以及CGIF混合物充填体固碳理论、快速黏凝胶结材料反应动力学理论、矿区充填开采防治冲击地压等负碳高效充填理论构想;提出了矸石快速高效胶结高孔隙充填材料制备技术、快速黏凝胶结材料绿色高效制备技术、CGIF充填体负碳高效充填开采技术、多面并采高效充填开采技术与工艺、全周期立体高效充填开采防冲技术等关键技术体系。在此基础上,明确了煤矿负碳高效充填开采“基础研究—技术攻关—工程示范”的“三阶段”发展规划,构建了煤矿负碳高效充填开采理论与技术体系构想;评估了煤矿负碳高效充填CO_(2)封存能力,可望实现煤炭负碳开采、低碳利用的煤炭开发利用全过程自身实现碳中和的新格局。

甘草抗炎活性物质基础及其作用机制研究进展

炎症是机体对于刺激所产生的一种防御反应,随着炎症的发展可能导致组织的变异和增生,进一步加剧疾病的进程。甘草作为“众药之王”“国之药老”,早在《神农本草经》中就记载其清热作用较强,能“主五脏六腑寒热邪气”。现代研究表明,甘草提取物对肾小球肾炎、结肠炎症状改善明显,甘草及其制剂在治疗肝炎、胃炎、支气管炎、心肌炎、强直性脊柱炎等炎症性疾病方面亦具有一定的独特优势和发展潜力。该文旨在通过对近期国内外甘草抗炎活性物质基础及其作用机制方面的相关文献进行收集和整理,探索甘草发挥抗炎作用的主要活性成分及靶点通路,以期为甘草抗炎作用的进一步研究及抗炎药物的研发提供思路和参考。

道路沥青紫外老化及抗老化材料研究综述

道路沥青材料在使用过程中由于长期受到太阳光紫外辐射作用会产生紫外老化现象,并且这种现象在紫外辐射强度高的地区更明显。紫外老化会使沥青的物理特性和化学组成发生改变,从而导致沥青黏塑性上升、低温和疲劳性能下降、使用裂缝增加,进而劣化路面的耐久性、影响沥青路面的运营品质和服役寿命。为了防止和延缓紫外老化的产生和发展,可在道路沥青中添加抗老化材料以增强其抵御紫外老化能力,同时延长沥青路面的使用寿命并降低其性能的衰变速率。本文阐述了基于自由基和胶体理论的紫外老化机理;从处理方式、光源与辐射强度选择等方面介绍了室内模拟老化试验条件;总结了紫外老化对沥青物理和流变性能、组分构成、微观形貌、特征峰和官能团等宏微观特性的影响;归纳了现行抗老化材料的优缺点和使用情况。分析表明后期可在老化机理深度、试验方法标准化、室外老化监测、微观数值模拟、抗紫外老化剂针对性和抑制紫外老化措施等方面开展进一步研究。

篠原一男的反美学建筑实践研究

本文对日本建筑大师篠原一男的建筑反美学倾向进行了研究。首先讨论了篠原的整个建筑思想核心所在,正是因为关注核心而忽视造型美观问题。其次讨论了篠原五个时期样式发展内在脉络。上述两条分别构成反美学倾向的基础与逻辑展开过程。最后,本文讨论了篠原建筑理论中反美学困境:反物质理论的精神化与城市混沌理论的建筑化。

纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治领域中的应用研究进展

在肿瘤的预防与控制方面,实施“三早”策略——即早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗——被认为是实现一级预防效果的最有效途径。尽管如此,当前肿瘤早期诊断的技术和能力仍然遭遇着重大挑战。另一方面,传统的抗肿瘤药物由于其高毒性和缺乏针对特定组织的特异性,导致在实际治疗中的应用受到了显著限制。纳米金材料因其独特的优势而脱颖而出,包括表面易于改性、出色的生物相容性、小尺寸带来的特殊效应、光学性质以及量子效应等,使其在肿瘤细胞的诊断和治疗方面显示出巨大的应用潜力。近年来,纳米金在肿瘤的临床诊断和治疗领域受到了广泛的关注和研究,并已取得了令人鼓舞的进展。该文旨在对纳米金材料在肿瘤诊治领域中的最新研究进展进行全面的综述,以期为肿瘤患者提供更加有效和个性化的诊疗方案,推动其在临床实践中的广泛应用。

酸皮基磷光型碳点的制备及防伪应用

以浸酸山羊皮为碳源、硼酸为硼源,采用热解法制备了磷光型碳点(P-CDs)。探讨了浸酸山羊皮含量、反应pH、反应温度和反应时间对P-CDs余辉时间的影响。采用有机元素分析仪、SEM、EDS、TEM、FTIR、XRD对样品进行了表征,并评价了P-CDs的防伪应用。结果表明,在浸酸山羊皮含量(以3 g硼酸为基准,下同)4.10%、反应pH为7、反应温度为225℃、反应时间为7.5 h的条件下,制备的P-CDs的余辉时间达到12s;该材料的最佳发射波长为520 nm,对应明亮的青绿色余辉。P-CDs平均粒径为4.42 nm,具有典型的石墨结构,硼原子成功地掺入到碳点中,形成了C—B、B—O等共轭链结构,稳定了三重激发态,延长了余辉时间。

基于PEGPEA-高灵敏仿生光子晶体薄膜制备及应用

采用乳液聚合结合改良的Stӧber方法制备了单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)@SiO2核壳纳米微球,然后将其分散在聚(乙二醇)苯基醚丙烯酸酯(PEGPEA)中,形成非密集颗粒阵列后快速光聚合捕获规则阵列,制备了一种机械变色的光子晶体薄膜。采用SEM、光纤耦合光谱仪对光子晶体薄膜进行了表征,考察了PS@SiO2核壳纳米微球体积分数和粒径对光子晶体薄膜结构色的影响,并对光子晶体薄膜的力致变色机理进行了推测。结果表明,热处理改善了PS@SiO2核壳纳米微球的微观秩序,加快形成蛋白石光子晶体结构;光子晶体薄膜结构色随着PS@SiO2核壳纳米微球体积分数的增加或粒径的减小由红色向蓝色渐变;光子晶体薄膜具有的结构色反射率>60%、拉伸应变至少可达70%、灵敏度2.16 nm/%、响应速度1.9 nm/ms,反射波长调谐范围为151 nm;在100次拉伸/释放循环实验和25℃下维持拉伸状态3 d,恢复后光子晶体薄膜结构色保持不变。

水凝胶包裹的透水材料在寒区河道工程中应用及性能分析

随着人们生活水平的提高,对河道工程的完善提出了更高要求,提升寒区透水混凝土铺装使用时间的重要举措就是在防冻胀设计上做到有效性。将实际工程作为对象,利用现场试验方法,分别设定3种找平层材料和基层材料,分析不同方案下寒区河道工程的抗冻胀性能。试验结果显示,河道工程基层与找平层材料可使用透水水稳与中粗砂材料。建议使用相应的工程技术机制,对滞留基层的径流进行及时排空,最大限度弱化冻胀的破坏问题。

大思政课视域下抗疫元素融入内经选读教学体会

“大思政课”要求和现实紧密结合,在社会生活中讲授。抗疫精神是开展“大思政课”的宝贵精神资源,在疫情背景下,应充分发挥抗疫精神对医学生的价值引领作用,通过在内经选读课程思政教学中融入抗疫素材,更好地促进学生的身心健康,帮助学生培养爱国主义精神、增强民族自信心和自豪感,进一步使学生在学习专业知识的过程中提高自身素质、提升自身内涵。通过在内经选读思政教学中融入抗疫元素,可以更好地让医学生牢记时代赋予的特殊使命,认清肩上所担负的重任。文章阐述了疫情背景下在内经选读教学中融入疫情相关思政元素的四点思考。

黑老虎叶提取物纯化及其在化妆品原料中的应用研究

目的:探讨黑老虎叶提取物在化妆品原料开发中的潜在应用。方法:以黄酮含量为评价标准,构建了大孔吸附树脂对黑老虎叶提取物的纯化流程,并结合动物实验、细胞实验及化学实验,开展提取物的急性毒性及其功能特性研究。结果:AB-8大孔吸附树脂对黑老虎叶黄酮具有良好的吸附和解吸性能;上样条件为:总黄酮浓度1.0 mg/mL的料液调节pH 3,以3 BV/h流速上样5 BV;洗脱条件为:用80%乙醇以3 BV/h流速洗脱5 BV;动物实验表明,提取物无急性毒性;细胞实验显示,在2.5~50.0μg/mL浓度范围内,提取物能显著减少H_(2)O_(2)引起的人皮肤成纤维细胞死亡,有效降低细胞中ROS、MDA水平,增强SOD、CAT活性;在0.1~2.0 mg/mL浓度范围内,提取物能显著降低小鼠B16F10细胞中TYR活性;提取物抑制HAase的IC_(50)为4.748μg/mL。结论:利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化的黑老虎叶提取物没有表现出急性毒性,同时展现了抗衰老、美白、抗过敏等功效,在作为化妆品原料应用上具有一定开发潜力。

松铺覆盖下相变黏土施工防冻控温数值模拟

堤坝及路基等工程冬季负温下施工,土料会因短时冻结或冻融而引起压实性能降低,并诱发冻胀、融沉、开裂等病害。常规覆盖保温措施工艺复杂,难以实现负温下连续施工,易使工期延长。相变黏土为改善土料防冻性能、延长冬季施工时间提供了可能,但相变材料(PCM)掺量过高影响土料力学性能。为此,本文提出了土料掺混PCM与松铺覆盖联合的防冻控温措施,利用原有施工中上层土料松铺工序,尽可能减少PCM掺量,减小施工干扰,同时解决负温施工暴露时段土料的表层防冻问题。首先,建立了考虑上层土料松铺的施工相变传热有限元数值模型,并验证了模型的有效性;然后,定量分析了不同松铺厚度、PCM掺量对相变黏土冬季施工控温效果的影响,提出了相变黏土有效施工时长的估计方法;最后,给出了防冻控温措施建议,采用2%PCM掺量和9.6 cm松铺覆盖层厚度,即可满足现场施工控温的要求。本研究为解决寒区土料冬季施工过程中的防冻控温难题提供了新的技术途径。

建筑装饰材料智能修复涂层制备方法探析

随着社会经济的发展,建筑装饰材料的使用不可或缺,其长久性和稳定性受自然环境腐蚀的考验。施加涂层是有效的防腐手段,解决自修复涂层稳定性和长久性的问题也是防腐科学研究和实际应用的前沿。综述了几种常见的自修复涂层的制备及防腐机制:外援型自修复涂层,在涂料中添加含成膜物质/缓蚀剂的微胶囊,当涂层受到机械冲击后胶囊随之破裂并释放成膜物质/缓蚀剂,形成保护膜或抑制电化学反应保护金属基底;本征型自修复涂层,其涂层基质对环境因素敏感,在环境刺激下通过恢复涂层基质聚合物网络中内在化学键和/或物理构象而修复涂层,其主要包括动态键型和形状记忆型自修复涂层;多重自修复涂层,通过将含有成膜剂/缓蚀剂的微胶囊掺进可恢复涂层基质聚合物中,使其兼顾外援型和本征型自修复涂层的性能。总的来说,自修复涂层的防腐机制主要是通过在涂层中添加缓蚀剂/成膜物质或使涂层恢复活性来抑制涂层下的金属电化学腐蚀,目前建筑装饰用的自修复防腐涂层已逐步应用到建筑防腐工程中,但仍需要在多个方面进行更加深入的研究,多重自修复涂层是未来自修复涂层研究和应用发展的方向,其长效稳定性及制备工艺是主要的科学问题。