The Contribution of United States Aircraft Reconnaissance Data to the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Intensity Data:An Evaluation of Homogeneity

This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure(MCP)data are relatively homogeneous,whereas the maximum sustained wind(MSW)data show both overestimations and spurious abrupt changes.Statistical comparisons suggest that both the reconnaissance MCP and MSW were well incorporated into the CMA TC best track dataset.Although no spurious abrupt changes were evident in the reconnaissance-related best track MCP data,two spurious changepoints were identified in the remainder of the best-track MCP data.Furthermore,the influence of the reconnaissance MSWs seems to extend to the best track MSWs unrelated to reconnaissance,which might reflect the optimistic confidence in making higher estimates due to the overestimated extreme wind“observations”.In addition,the overestimation of either the reconnaissance MSWs or the best track MSWs was greater during the early decades compared to later decades,which reflects the important influence of reconnaissance data on the CMA TC best track dataset.The wind-pressure relationship(WPR)used in the CMA TC best track dataset is also evaluated and is found to overestimate the MSW,which may lead to inhomogeneity within the dataset between the aircraft reconnaissance era and the satellite era.

Analysis of detection capabilities of LEO reconnaissance satellite constellation based on coverage performance

In the design problem of low earth orbit(LEO) reconnaissance satellite constellation, optimization of coverage performance is the design goal in most current methods. However,in the using process, the user only concerns with the detection capabilities rather than coverage performance. To establish the relationship between these two aspects, the reconnaissance processes of normal stochastic targets are considered and the mathematic models of detection processes are built. The indicators of coverage performance are used to evaluate the detection probability and expectation of detection time delay, which are important factors in reconnaissance constellation estimation viewed from military intelligence discipline. The conclusions confirmed by the final simulation will be useful in LEO reconnaissance constellation design, optimization and evaluation.

Field reconnaissance of the 2007 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki earthquake

As part of the 2007 Tri-Center Field Mission to Japan, a reconnaissance team comprised of fourteen graduate students and three faculty members from three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers, namely, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research （MCEER）, Mid-America Earthquake Center （MAE）, and Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center （PEER）, undertook a reconnaissance visit to the affected area shortly after the 2007 Niigata- Chuetsu Oki earthquake. This mission provided an opportunity to review the nature of the earthquake damage that occurred, as well as to assess the significance of the damage from an educational perspective. This paper reports on the seismological characteristics of the earthquake, preliminary findings of geotechnical and structural damage, and the causes of the observed failures or collapses. In addition, economic and socio-economic considerations and experiences to enhance earthquake resilience are presented.

Re-examining Tropical Cyclone Fullness Using Aircraft Reconnaissance Data

We use FLIGHT+ aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones(TCs) in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific from 1997 to 2015 to re-examine TC fullness(TCF) characteristics at the flight level.The results show a strong positive correlation between the flight-level TCF and the intensity of TCs,with the flight-level TCF increasing much more rapidly than the near-surface TCF with increasing intensity of the TCs.The tangential wind in small-TCF hurricanes is statistically significantly stronger near the eye center than that in large-TCF hurricanes.Large-TCF hurricanes have a ring-like vorticity structure.No significant correlation is observed between the flight-level TCF and the comparative extent of the vorticityskirt region occupied in the outer core skirt.The proportion of the rapid filamentation zone in the outer core skirt increases with increasing flight-level TCF.The differences in entropy between the radius of the maximum wind and the outer boundary of the outer core skirt also increase with increasing flight-level TCF.

A multiple heterogeneous UAVs reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning algorithm

Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem.The purpose of this study is to research intelligent multiUAVs reconnaissance mission planning and online re-planning algorithm under various constraints in mission areas.For numerous targets scattered in the wide area,a reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning system is established,which includes five modules,including intelligence analysis,sub-mission area division,mission sequence planning,path smoothing,and online re-planning.The intelligence analysis module depicts the attribute of targets and the heterogeneous characteristic of UAVs and computes the number of sub-mission areas on consideration of voyage distance constraints.In the sub-mission area division module,an improved K-means clustering algorithm is designed to divide the reconnaissance mission area into several sub-mission areas,and each sub-mission is detected by the UAV loaded with various detective sensors.To control reconnaissance cost,the sampling and iteration algorithms are proposed in the mission sequence planning module,which are utilized to solve the optimal or approximately optimal reconnaissance sequence.In the path smoothing module,the Dubins curve is applied to smooth the flight path,which assure the availability of the planned path.Furthermore,an online re-planning algorithm is designed for the uncertain factor that the UAV is damaged.Finally,reconnaissance planning and re-planning experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper are effective and the algorithms designed for sequence planning have a great advantage in solving efficiency and optimality.

Support vector regression-based operational effectiveness evaluation approach to reconnaissance satellite system

As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional methods.Considering the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter optimization.In the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of convergence.Numerical experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global optimization.The index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of RSS.To validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational complexity.According to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.

Projectile-Borne Video Reconnaissance System

Aiming at applications as a projectile-borne video reconnaissance system, the overall design and prototype in principle of a mortar video reconnaissance system bomb were developed. Mortar launched test results show that the initial integrated system was capable of transmitting images through tens of kilometers with the image resolution identifying effectively tactical targets such as roads, hills, caverns, trees and rivers. The projectile-borne video reconnaissance system is able to meet the needs of tactical target identification and battle damage assessment for tactical operations. The study will provide significant technological support for further independent development.

Geographical Reconnaissance of Household in Northern Nigeria towards Optimizing Indoor Residual Spraying Method for Malaria Elimination

As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.

多功能一体化装备高灵敏度侦察的虚假频率抑制技术研究

高灵敏度侦察系统由于侦察灵敏度高,当侦察环境中出现大功率信号时,会给系统引入工作带宽内的虚假频率。而在一体化装备中,系统本身就会产生大功率信号,对侦察造成了无意干扰并引入虚假频率。当大功率信号频率在带外时,使用宽开接收机侦收大功率信号,将侦收到的脉冲引入到窄带高灵敏度系统,在窄带接收机中,通过比较脉冲的时序关系,将大功率信号的频率作为参考频率写入到窄带接收机产生的脉冲描述字参数中。当大功率信号频率在带内时,直接比较带内产生的脉冲的时序关系进行参考频率打标。对具有参考频率的脉冲描述字,使用基于统计的脉冲串虚假频率抑制方法,在信号级对虚假频率进行滤除,能够有效地抑制一体化装备中高灵敏侦察面临的虚假频率问题。

面向对海监视的舰船目标跟踪与航迹融合数据集

对海监视中航迹实时关联与轨迹融合任务是安全防控、区域态势监视、远程精确打击等军民应用领域的热点和难点问题,高质量的数据集对推动目标跟踪与融合技术在该领域的研究有重要作用。本研究针对目标跟踪与融合领域技术研究的数据需求以及目前公开数据集所存在的数据缺乏、场景设计针对性差、数据格式单一、数据描述不全等问题,通过仿真软件对复杂场景中多传感器多目标探测数据进行仿真,提供了一套面向典型对海监视场景(以舰船为探测对象的2D雷达与侦察传感器﹝ESM﹞)的目标跟踪与航迹融合数据集。其中仿真软件包括剧情发生器和传感器模拟器两部分,是一套成熟的目标跟踪场景仿真环境,提供逼真的探测数据模拟能力。本数据集涵盖的传感器对象包括2D雷达与侦察传感器,目标包括典型的海上舰船类别,并支持携带辐射源配置,设计了高速运动、密集交通、多传感器数据融合、特定舰船侦测和交叉定位等多种典型场景。本数据集中共包含368155条目标点迹,舰船数量为101条,时间范围15000秒,数据格式符合实际设备上报情景、探测误差模型符合实际。本数据集通过对数据误差进行正态性检验、对检测率、虚警率的场景检验以及实地调研,完成了对数据的准确性评估与数据完备性控制,可为舰船目标跟踪、轨迹融合等算法研究与验证提供基础数据。

基于点云分割网络的雷达信号分选方法

针对现有基于图像分割的端到端雷达信号分选方法存在的像素点重叠与处理效率不高的问题,该文提出一种基于点云分割网络的端到端分选方法。首先将雷达脉冲流的脉冲描述字(PDW)映射为点云;之后利用点云分割网络(PointNet++)对该点云中各点依据其所属辐射源进行分割;最后将具有相同标签的点聚类形成脉冲集合,分别提取各脉冲集合所包含的辐射源并形成相应的辐射源描述字。仿真结果表明:所提方法能够有效对未知雷达信号进行分选,在脉冲丢失和虚假脉冲干扰的分选环境下也表现出较强的可靠性与稳定性,并且由于采用具有轻量化特点的模型使得该方法的执行效率更高。

无人机载光电载荷自主侦察的参数计算与分析

自主侦察是无人机载光电载荷的一种自动化、智能化侦察模式,参数计算则是自主侦察应用的前提。首先介绍了无人机载光电载荷的自主侦察模式;然后对该模式无人机自动巡航飞行速度和飞行高度,光电载荷的传感器视场角、俯仰角、扫描角速度、扫描角度范围等参数进行了计算,并分析了各个参数的物理意义及相互关系,以及对目标识别率、侦察时间等自主侦察效果的影响;最后举例进行仿真计算和分析,并指出在实际应用中存在的问题,为该模式的实际应用提供了理论依据。

面向灾情侦察的有优先级多无人机协同调度优化

为提高灾情侦察效率,针对灾害应急响应中无人机(UAV)侦察调度问题,提出一种考虑优先级的灾情侦察多UAV协同调度优化模型。首先采用混合整数非线性规划描述模型,开发一种改进的禁忌搜索算法,并通过引入特定的邻域算子和修复算子,提升算法的搜索能力和解的质量;然后设计2组算例验证模型和算法,算例组1源于2021年郑州洪灾的实际情境,算例组2为不同规模的模拟算例。结果表明:模型和算法得到有效验证,敏感性分析能够探讨飞行速度、UAV数量、型号以及续航能力对侦察能力的影响;增加UAV数量和优化型号能显著提高侦察效率;资源有限时,应优先选择侦察能力强的UAV;资源充足时,飞行速度则更为关键。

跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪的发展与对策

跨境电信网络诈骗作为高发犯罪之一,具有犯罪组织稳定化、诈骗手段多样化、主犯的隐蔽性与从犯的胁迫性等特征。近年来,我国持续加强跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪的打击力度,然而,目前对于打击跨境电信网络诈骗犯罪还存在着许多问题,例如国家之间的法律不一致、调查取证难度大,追缴资金困难,等等。为了有效遏制跨境电信网络犯罪,应当加强与各国的执法合作,加强边境管理,引导出境人员回流,完善赃款追缴机制,进行全链条打击,实施打击与预防犯罪并重等综合策略。

面向无人机海上侦察任务的自适应粒度分解策略研究

无人机海上侦察作战任务自动规划的前提是任务分解,分解策略的通用性和分解粒度的合理性直接影响任务规划的速度和实际效果。对无人机海上侦察任务具有随机性强、复杂度高、动态性明显等特点,提出了一种基于军事领域知识库的无人机海上侦察任务自适应粒度分解策略,构建了无人机海上侦察领域知识图谱和自适应粒度任务分解模型,并以海上编队护航背景下的无人机侦察任务为例,实施了任务分解策略验证,结果表明分解策略较传统任务分解方法具有更佳的稳定性和适应性。

雷达波形对抗技术发展预见

随着雷达、电子侦察等传感器技术的进步,对电磁空间的操控从能量、频率向更高维度的波形发展,雷达波形对抗应运而生。阐述雷达波形对抗技术产生的背景、概念内涵和发展现状,同时提出可利用博弈思维建立雷达波形“OODA”回路,通过对雷达波形进行伪装、扰乱和利用以达成制造战场迷雾、创造新质杀伤链的效果。此外,介绍实现雷达波形对抗的波形隐匿、波形重建与利用、波形捷变反侦察等关键技术及原理。从波形管控等3个方面提出雷达波形对抗制胜电磁空间的发展建议。

基于模糊综合评判的雷达对抗侦察系统效能评估研究

针对雷达对抗侦察系统效能评估涉及因素多、评估比较复杂的问题,提出4个方面16个指标的评估指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各级指标权重,建立模糊综合评价数学模型对系统进行量化评估,并通过实例进行验证。验证结果表明,该方法能够将评估过程中的定性判断进行定量化处理,得到的评价结果更加公正、客观,可用于雷达对抗侦察系统定量评估。

雷达侦察接收机电磁环境评估和分级方法

针对雷达侦察接收机电磁环境分级困难、描述粗略、评估不准、操作性弱等研究现状,通过深入分析侦察接收机的作战环境、工作原理,以及性能指标受电磁环境的影响程度,提出了一种基于电磁环境效应的雷达侦察接收机电磁环境复杂度评估与分级方法。首先对雷达侦察接收机面临的电磁环境进行了分析,根据侦察接收机的工作机理及其技战术性能提炼并构建了针对侦察接收机复杂电磁环境评估的指标体系,最后给出了层次结构评估模型以及电磁环境等级划分规则,为研究雷达侦察接收机面临的复杂电磁环境及其分析评估提供技术支撑,同时也为提高侦察接收机在复杂电磁环境下的作战能力提供技术支持。

一种无人机载侦察雷达通用动态标校方法

针对无人机载侦察雷达鉴定飞行前、以及定型后的批产交付中对固定误差进行标校的实际需求,在对目前常用的标校方式进行分析的基础上,提出一种无人机载侦察雷达通用动态标校方法,通过贯穿整个科研过程和机载侦察雷达批产交付试验的全过程验证,此方法具备简单实用、准确度高的优势,具有广泛的工程应用价值。