Double casing warhead with sandwiched charge:The axial distribution of fragments velocities

The double casing warhead with sandwiched charge is a novel fragmentation warhead that can produce two groups of fragments with different velocity,and the previous work has presented a calculation formula to determine the maximum fragment velocity.The current work builds on the published formula to further develop a formula for calculating the axial distribution characteristics of the fragment velocity.For this type of warhead,the simulation of the dispersion characteristics of the detonation products at different positions shows that the detonation products at the ends have a much larger axial velocity than those in the middle,and the detonation products have a greater axial dispersion velocity when they are closer to the central axis.The loading process and the fragment velocity vary with the axial position for both casing layers,and the total velocity of the fragments is the vector sum of the radial velocity and the axial velocity.At the same axial position,the acceleration time of the inner casing is greater than that of the outer casing.For the same casing,the fragments generated at the ends have a longer acceleration time than the fragments from the middle.The proposed formula is validated with the X-ray radiography results of the four warheads previously tested experimentally and the 3D smoothedparticle hydrodynamics numerical simulation results of several series of new warheads with different configurations.The formula can accurately and reliably calculate the fragment velocity when the lengthto-diameter ratio of the charge is greater than 1.5 and the thickness of the casing is less than 20%its inner radius.This work thus provides a key reference for the theoretical analysis and the design of warheads with multiple casings.

加强筋位置对半穿甲战斗部侵彻多层钢靶性能影响研究

为了研究加强筋位置对半穿甲战斗部侵彻多层钢靶性能的影响,通过试验及数值仿真,研究了加强筋在弹体轴向不同位置处的2种半穿甲战斗部,以一定速度(710 m/s)、着角(20°)侵彻8层钢靶的弹道偏转、弹孔尺寸、余速的差异。研究结果表明:加强筋位置由弹尖向质心位置逼近时弹道偏转角减小、弹孔长轴减小、穿甲能力提升;弹道偏转角增量与靶间距呈正相关关系;弹道偏转角、侵彻余速、弹头侵蚀量及弹孔仿真结果与试验实测值最大偏差为8.82%,仿真与试验结果符合较好。研究结果可为半穿甲战斗部方案设计提供参考。

应用差分进化-神经网络模型的杀爆弹瞄准点分配方法

为在不增加计算时耗的前提下提升多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击毁伤效能,建立融入动爆威力计算的多瞄准点规划方法.对面目标采用结构化网格划分方法实现多枚杀爆弹对目标毁伤区域的精确计算,并进行计算结果验证,基于多次计算结果采用神经网络方法建立单枚弹药对面目标毁伤区域的计算代理模型,在同样计算条件下,比非代理模型计算时间缩短1000倍;据此,通过差分进化算法实现多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击瞄准点及末端弹道参数的规划.通过实例对比分析表明:该瞄准点规划方法形成的打击方案比传统以毁伤半径为输入的方法毁伤效果大幅提升,最低提升25.5%,且单次规划时间不超过3 s,解决了瞄准点规划中毁伤效能模型复杂度与计算耗时之间的矛盾.

导弹战斗部装药质量监督要点研究

针对导弹战斗部装药质量监督的实际需求,分析目前战斗部典型装药工艺方法(熔铸装药、压装药、PBX浇注装药)的特点。经过对比分析,结合导弹战斗部的发展需求,提出装药质量监督要点,为战斗部装药质量监督拟定较详细的控制措施。结果表明:该质量监督要点及控制措施,可有效指导相关人员把控战斗部装药质量,提高监管效能。

圆柱-双锥结合药型罩结构参数对侵彻性能的影响规律

为提高聚能破甲战斗部的毁伤能力,设计了一种圆柱-双锥结合药型罩。用数值模拟方法,通过对该药型罩的正交优化设计,研究了药型罩圆柱部直径d、高度h、上锥角α、下锥角β对射流头部速度和侵彻深度的影响。研究结果表明,上锥角和圆柱部直径分别是影响射流头部速度和侵彻深度的主要因素。因此,在优化设计中得到了兼顾射流速度和侵彻深度的最佳药型罩结构:d=8 mm、h=12 mm、α=36°和β=56°时,射流头部速度为8 667 m/s,侵彻深度达到173.7 mm。优化设计的研究结果具有一定的实际工程指导意义,可为聚能破甲战斗部的性能提升提供有效的设计方案。

周向六线起爆下杀伤战斗部的破片飞散特性

为简化起爆结构,提高引战系统可靠性,采用定向战斗部已有的周向六线起爆方式替代中心起爆,基于流体动力学理论对周向六线起爆下爆轰波的碰撞进行了理论分析,采用LS-DYNA进行了数值计算,并开展了战斗部样弹静爆试验。结果表明,相较于中心起爆,周向六线起爆条件下破片加速历程与其所在周向位置存在关联,并出现二次加速现象;在相邻起爆点对称面附近产生马赫爆轰波,局部压力可达44.2GPa,并在战斗部中心汇聚,中心处压力可达100GPa以上;轴向多点起爆改善了端面稀疏波的影响,破片速度得到提升,轴向破片速度一致性明显提高;破片飞散初速数值计算与试验结果误差在8.1%以内,不同区域破片初速增益可达4.6%~9.9%。表明周向六线起爆模式是替代定向杀伤战斗部中心起爆模式的有效途径。

多点起爆下鼓形战斗部的威力特性

为调控对地弹药破片杀伤威力场,研究了一种鼓形战斗部在静爆和动爆下的威力特性。采用数值模拟研究了端面中心单点、中心单点两种起爆方式下,鼓形战斗部相较于同口径圆柱形战斗部在静爆下的破片威力特性及动爆下对地面装甲车辆目标的毁伤面积。在此基础上,调整鼓形战斗部起爆方式为偏心两线同时起爆、偏心两线序贯起爆及偏心两线同时-序贯起爆,计算了不同偏心起爆下鼓形战斗部静爆时的破片速度、飞散角和动爆时对车辆目标的毁伤面积及有效破片落地动能分布。研究表明,相比于同口径的圆柱形战斗部结构,鼓形战斗部的破片飞散角增大了55.98%,对地面军用车辆的毁伤面积最大增大了59.3%;相对于偏心两线同时起爆,偏心两线同时-序贯起爆的鼓形战斗部破片飞散角增大了18.0%,破片飞散的离散程度提高了11.48%;相对于装药中心单点起爆,偏心两线序贯起爆下鼓形战斗部的毁伤面积受炸高影响较小,在落角50°、落速200 m/s、炸高为9 m时的毁伤面积达47.15 m^(2)。通过调整战斗部的结构和起爆方式,可有效增大破片的飞散角,增大破片对目标的覆盖面积,提高战斗部的毁伤效能。

战斗部装药侵彻损伤及热点生成研究

针对战斗部侵彻过程中PBX装药损伤及安定性预测问题,应用PBX炸药微裂纹-微孔洞损伤点火细观模型,研究了战斗部装药损伤演化及热点生成机理,分析了战斗部侵彻过程中不同温升机制对热点生成的影响,对比研究了战斗部前端有无缓冲材料对侵彻过程中装药力学损伤与点火响应的影响规律。结果表明,侵彻混凝土厚靶时战斗部内部装药经历多次压缩-反弹过程,反复加卸载环境使得装药内部的微缺陷损伤加剧累积,包括微裂纹的扩展和孔洞塌缩,进而导致装药头部和尾部的热点产生;微裂纹的摩擦生热为PBX装药主导的温升机制;添加缓冲材料可有效减少装药损伤、热点温升幅值及裂纹热点密度,并能有效降低装药头部的孔洞坍塌温升及宏观体温升。

高速自锐侵彻战斗部引信动力学响应与磁场特征研究

在当今军事技术的快速发展中,高速自锐侵彻战斗部在毁伤深埋高价值硬目标与多层建筑时,具有巨大的战略价值;文章通过建立动力学响应和磁场分析模型,深入研究自锐战斗部侵彻6 m C40混凝土靶板和多层钢筋混凝土靶板时引信的力学与磁场响应特性,为提高侵彻自锐战斗部毁伤精度提供支撑;在引信动力学响应的研究中,战斗部侵彻混凝土靶板历程,侵蚀后的靶板呈现出漏斗形状,随着战斗部侵彻的深入,应力波的稀疏效应逐渐减弱,战斗部的速度线性衰减,并在最终进入稳定侵彻模式的过程中,速度下降约52%;由于应力波在战斗部内部的传递与叠加导致引信位置检测的过载信号较为震荡;在引信磁场分析的研究中,地磁倾角为90°、地磁偏角为0°(即地磁场垂直于靶板中心线)时,X、Y轴磁通密度幅值小、信号无规律、穿层特征不明显;Z轴磁通密度幅值大、信号规则、穿层特征明显;地磁场强度越大,钢筋半径越大,地磁倾角越大,侵彻靶板层信号特征越明显。而Z轴磁通密度不受地磁偏角影响。

复合战斗部侵彻引信分布式探测过载响应

针对复合战斗部高速侵彻多层目标时,传统弹底引信过载信号出现振荡信号混叠,难以精确计层的问题,提出通过研究不同部位过载响应以提高计层精度。建立了复合战斗部分布式引信系统模型以及复合战斗部侵彻5层钢筋混凝土靶有限元模型,分析数值仿真获得的弹体过载信号,得到应力波在弹体中的传播规律:弹速越大,靶间距越小,弹长越长;层间飞行过程中应力波在弹体内部循环次数越少,侵彻过程更加明显;从频域角度分析了不同部位三轴过载信号的相关性,发现径向振荡对轴向过载有很大影响;对比900,1300,1700 m/s速度下不同部位过载信号,发现复合战斗部高速侵彻目标时弹体前段过载响应优于弹尾。获得了复合战斗部应力波传播规律,总结了不同部位过载响应特征异同,为基于分布式探测、数据融合的侵彻过程识别提供仿真数据支撑。

子弹撞击下CL-20基PBX装药响应研究

为了提高战斗部安全性,指导CL-20基PBX炸药在战斗部装药中的应用和设计,开展了基于子弹撞击试验的典型战斗部撞击响应特性研究。进行了子弹撞击试验,通过分析战斗部响应后的超压数据、验证板穿孔、试验影像和试验样品回收等,评估了子弹撞击战斗部的反应等级。结果表明,子弹撞击试验中,子弹速度为836 m/s,战斗部在子弹撞击下发生了爆轰等级的反应。此外,开展了不同撞击条件下战斗部安全性数值模拟,研究了不同撞击速度下战斗部的反应过程。结果表明,子弹以850 m/s和750 m/s撞击时,战斗部分别发生爆轰和燃烧等级的反应。该研究为典型战斗部的撞击响应预测及反应等级评价提供了数据支撑。

内衬结构对活性破片高速驱动影响规律研究

为实现活性破片在高速驱动下的完整性,研究内衬结构对活性破片高速驱动的影响规律。根据能量守恒定律建立了考虑内衬伸长率的破片初速计算模型,选择2A12铝、20号钢与20号钢/芳纶复合结构三种内衬,基于物态方程分析了内衬与破片接触面上的界面压强,设计了2A12铝和20号钢/芳纶复合结构内衬战斗部方案,通过静爆试验对活性破片破碎情况及计算模型进行了验证。结果显示:20号钢伸长率较2A12铝提高了145.83%,20号钢/芳纶复合内衬战斗部较2A12铝内衬战斗部装填比降低了14%,破片初速提升了10.85%;所建立模型的计算结果与试验吻合较好,计算精度较现有模型提高了8%以上。基于试验结果和理论分析,表明20号钢/芳纶复合内衬实现了对活性破片2 300 m/s以上速度的爆炸完整驱动。

基于有限元法的破冰弹头对海冰侵彻作用研究

针对环渤海地区的冬季海冰灾害,现有的破冰方法并不理想,破冰船破冰效率低,小吨位船舶在破冰后仍无法自行出入港口,炮弹炸冰危险性大,且受到作业条件的限制大。该文设计一种可以用于高厚度海冰的新型破冰弹头,通过建立新型破冰弹头几何模型,添加各向异性材料模型-海冰及Johnon失效准则,利用Autodyn显示动力学软件对其进行海冰的侵彻模拟,通过分析海冰的应力应变曲线以及损伤云图得出,新型弹头模拟侵彻海冰过程中,初生裂纹可以有效帮助爆破二次启动。

基于Unity3D的杀爆战斗部对相控阵雷达毁伤评估可视化设计与实现

为提高战斗部的设计迭代与毁伤评估效率,引入典型相控阵雷达的目标易损性模型,构建了杀爆战斗部威力场计算模型、弹目交会模型以及典型相控阵雷达的毁伤概率计算模型,并基于Unity3D引擎搭建了杀爆战斗部对相控阵雷达的毁伤评估系统。系统能够实现杀爆战斗部的参数化设计、威力场计算以及杀爆战斗部对典型相控阵雷达毁伤概率的计算及毁伤效果的可视化。针对某杀爆战斗部进行试算,系统直观显示了战斗部威力以及对典型相控阵雷达的毁伤效果,设置战斗部落速为100 m/s, CEP为1 m,计算得到了落高为4~7 m,落角在30°~90°的弹目交会条件下战斗部对典型相控阵雷达的毁伤概率。所设计的系统功能完备,可以为杀爆战斗部方案设计及对相控阵雷达的毁伤评估提供支撑,系统开发的思路可以为战斗部威力计算及毁伤评估软件的设计提供参考。

Simulation on damage effectiveness of hexagonal prism aimable warhead with multi-point synchronous initiations

In order to study the impacts of warhead geometry and initiation pattern on the lethality of aimable warhead,multi-point synchronous initiated hexagonal prism and cylindrical warheads were compared through numerical simulation,combined with theoretical formulas of fragment deceleration and target plugging.Enhancements of fragment velocity,kinetic energy and density toward the target and target destructions were analyzed.The results show that hexagonal prism warhead can produce dense fragment beams and enhance average velocity and kinetic energy with asymmetric eight-point initiation by 24.13% and54.52%respectively,which are higher than those of the isometric or same weight cylindrical warhead.The effective fragments are still relatively concentrated in an area of 8m×2mfor the hexagonal prism warhead when the distance between warhead and target is 40m.

Effect of initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead

The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge of have been drawing great attention from researchers and designer in this filed. In present paper,in order to investigate the influence of charge initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead, the numerical simulations and experimental test are conducted.Firstly, the influence of grid density on numerical results is investigated, and a proper numerical model with relatively high accuracy and effectiveness is determined. Then. numerical simulations of three kinds of different initiation position of a semi-preformed fragment warhead are carried out. An experimental test of the explosion of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is carried out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical results and experimental data, it is found that the initiation manners have great influence on scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead. The researcher work of this paper would provide an effective alternative method to optimize the design of warhead.

Fragmentation model for large L/D (Length over Diameter) explosive fragmentation warheads

New advanced numerical computer model enabling accurate simulation of fragmentation parameters of large Length over Diameter(L/D)explosively driven metal shells has been developed and validated.The newly developed large L/D multi-region model links three-dimensional axisymmetric high strain high strain-rate hydrocode analyses with the conventional set of Picatinny Arsenal FRAGmentation(PAFRAG)simulation routines.The standard PAFRAG modeling technique is based on the Mott's theory of break-up of idealized cylindrical"ring-bombs",in which the length of the average fragment is a function of the radius and velocity of the shell at the moment of break-up,and the mechanical properties of the metal.In the newly developed multi-region model,each of the shell region,the break-up is assumed to occur instantaneously,whereas the entire shell is modeled to fragment at multiple times,according to the number of the regions considered.According to PAFRAG methodology,the required input for both the natural and the controlled fragmentation models including the geometry and the velocity of the shell at moment of break-up had been provided from the hydrocode analyses and validated with available experimental data.The newly developed large L/D multi-region PAFRAG model has been shown to accurately reproduce available experimental fragmentation data.

Split warhead simultaneous impact

A projectile system is proposed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of damage done by anti-tank weapon system on its target by designing a ballistic projectile that can split into multiple warheads and engage a target at the same time. This idea has been developed in interest of saving time consumed from the process of reloading and additional number of rounds wasted on target during an attack. The proposed system is achieved in three steps: Firstly, a mathematical model is prepared using the basic equations of motion. Second, An Ejection Mechanism of proposed warhead is explained with the help of schematics. Third, a part of numerical simulation which is done using the MATLAB software. The final result shows various ranges and times when split can be effectively achieved. With the new system,impact points are increased and hence it has a better probability of hitting a target.

Strain rate dependency and fragmentation pattern of expanding warheads

For the characterization of the behaviors of a metal material in events like expanding warheads, it is necessary to know its strength and ductility at high strain rates, around 104e105/s. The flyer plate impact testing produces the uniform stress and strain rates but the testing is expensive. The Taylor test is relatively inexpensive but produces non-uniform stress and strain fields, and the results are not so easily inferred for material modeling. In the split-Hopkinson bar(SHB), which may be used in compression, tension and torsion testing, the strain rates never exceeds 103/s. In the present work, we use the expanding ring test where the strain rate is 104e105/s. A streak camera is used to examine the expanding ring velocity, and a water tank is used to collect the fragments. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations using the hydrocodes AUTODYN, IMPETUS Afea and a regularized smooth particle(RSPH) software. The number of fragments increases with the increase in the expansion velocity of the rings. The number of fragments is similar to the experimental results. The RSPH software shows much the same results as the AUTODYN where the Lagrangian solver is used for the ring. The IMPETUS Afea solver shows a somewhat different fragmentation characteristic due to the node splitting algorithm that induces pronounced tensile splitting.

Simulation design of fuze warhead system of air defense missile at very low altitude

A novel simulation method for fuze warhead system(FWS) at very low altitude flight is proposed to solve adaptability issues of the traditional one in the naval battle. Firstly, a simulation system framework is presented. Then the detailed implementation of a novel general fuze model, a novel sea echo model and a novel warhead dynamic effectiveness power field algorithm including the simulation system are presented. Finally, simulation results show good performance of the proposed method. The proposed method can simulate the echo signal when the complex fuze antennas detect target and the sea at the same time, and can truly reflect the target positions hit by the warhead fragments. The proposed method can solve the existing problems in the FWS simulation system.