Overview of Factors Affecting Dust Deposition on Photovoltaic Cells and Cleaning Methods

Dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) cells poses a significant challenge to their efficiency, especially in arid regions characterized by desert and semi-desert conditions. Despite the pronounced impact of dust accumulation, these regions offer optimal solar radiation and minimal cloud cover, making them ideal candidates for widespread PV cell deployment. Various surface cleaning methods exist, each employing distinct approaches. Choosing an appropriate cleaning method requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in both dust deposition on module surfaces and dust adhesion to PV cell surfaces. The mechanisms governing dust deposition and adhesion are complex and multifaceted, influenced by factors such as the nature and properties of the dust particles, environmental climatic conditions, characteristics of protective coatings, and the specific location of the PV installation. These factors exhibit regional variations, necessitating the implementation of diverse cleaning approaches tailored to the unique conditions of each location. The first part of this article explores the factors influencing dust deposition on PV cell surfaces, delving into the intricate interplay of environmental variables and particle characteristics. Subsequently, the second part addresses various cleaning methods, offering an analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. By comprehensively examining the factors influencing dust accumulation and evaluating the effectiveness of different cleaning strategies, this article aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts to optimize the performance and longevity of photovoltaic systems in diverse geographical contexts.

Low-Cost Automated PV Panel Dust Cleaning System for Rural Communities

Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) panels degrades PV panels’ performance;leading to decreased power output and consequently high cost per generated kilowatt. Research addressing the severity of dust accumulation on PV panels has been ongoing since the 1940s, but proposed solutions have tended to increase the cost of PV systems either from oversizing or from cleaning the system. The objective of this work, therefore, is to design and implement a low-cost affordable automated PV panel dust cleaning system for use in rural communities of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA);where financial resources are limited and significantly strained in meeting livelihood activities. Complete design and implementation details of a prototype system are provided for easy replication and capitalization on PV systems for sustainable energy needs. The system detects dust based on the innovative use of light-dependent resistors. Testing and observation of the system in operational mode reveal satisfactory performance;measured parameters quantify a power output increase of 33.76% as a result of cleaning dust off the PV panel used in the study.

Combined Removal of Surface Moisture and Dust from Feed Coal for Coal Dry Cleaning with an Air-solid Fluidized Bed

A demonstration plant and a commercial plant employing coal dry cleaning technology with an air-solid fluidized bed were built in China. The operation practice of these two plants shows that the surface moisture and the fines or dust of feed coal must be well controlled as low as possible. For this purpose, a new process of combined removal of surface moisture and dust from feed coil using a vibrated fluidized bed dryer was investigated in a batch test apparatus and a pilot test system. A mathematical model on drying kinetics of coal surface moisture was developed and three empirical formulas of the model coefficient involving the main operating variables were determined based on the test results from the batch test apparatus. The mathematical model shows that the surface moisture retained in coal during drying decreases exponentially with drying time. According to this model, a new divisional heat supply mode, in which the inlet gas of higher temperature was introduced into the fore part of the dryer and the inlet gas of lower temperature into the rear part of the dryer, was employed in the pilot test system. The pilot tests show that 1) the new divisional heat supply mode is effective for lowering down the average temperature and reducing the total heat loss of the outlet gas off the dryer, 2) the moist coal of about 60 g/kg surface moisture contentcan be dried to about 10 g/kg, and simultaneously the fines (<1mm in diameter) adhering to the surface of coarse coal particles are completely washed off by the gas flow.

Solar Panels Cleaning Frequency for Maximum Financial Profit

Allowing the dust to accumulate on solar panels without adequate cleaning leads to huge monetary losses. Proper judgment of when to call for washing of solar panels is a compromise between gross costs of cleaning the panels and how much reduction in efficiency of solar panels can be tolerated. In this paper, we derive a formula for the optimal number of days between cleaning cycles of a solar array by minimizing the cost of cleaning the array and the lost revenue from the unclean panels. The formula will aid in deciding cleaning periods based on the environment in which the solar panels are installed and cost incurred from undertaking the washing process.

Closer Approximation to Optimize Solar Panels Performance with Cleaning Cycle: A Follow-Up

The performance of solar panels significantly degrades due to dust accumulation but cleaning too frequently will severely impact the financial benefits of the installation of solar panels. This paper assumes a realistic linear model for accumulation of dust on the solar panels and the resulting hourly average of absolute loss of efficiency in solar panels. This model accurately depicts the fact that energy production by solar panels occurs during sunshine hours only and also accounts for the degradation in the efficiency of solar panels due to dust accumulation throughout the entire day. Based on this, the optimal number of days for maximum financial profit and the critical number of days (above which there is no profit in installing solar panels) have been estimated. Furthermore, we have suggested a formalism to help estimate the finances for self-cleaning technology for PV system and also for calculating the minimum payback period for installing solar panels with the financial cost of the cleaning cycles properly considered. This research could be motivation for companies in developing self-cleaning mechanism for PV system.

An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Cleaning of Pleated Bag Filters Using Low-Pressure Pulsed-Jets

Pulsed-jet cleaning is recognized as the most efficient method to regenerate bag dust collectors traditionally used in industrial processes to control the emission of particulates.In this study,non-woven needle felt filter bags with and without a film coating material have been analyzed considering different geometries(different number N of pairs of pleated filter bag sides)in the frame of dedicated low-pressure pulsed-jet cleaning experiments.The flow structure inside the bag and the response characteristics of its wall have also been analyzed numerically through a computational fluid-dynamics/structural-dynamics(CFD-CSD)unidirectional fluid-solid coupling method.As shown by the experiments,the peak pressure(P_(0))on the wall of the filter bag with N=8 and 12 is higher,which indicates dust can be removed more effectively in these cases.The peak pressure on the wall increases first and then decreases along the direction of the bag length,while the peak pressure of the pleated filter bag with nonwoven needled felt film coating is greater than that without film coating.A comprehensive analysis of the time variation of acceleration,deformation,strain,stress and other factors,has led to the conclusion that the pleated filter bag with N=12 would be the optimal choice.

特大型硫磺储运系统粉尘防控技术应用总结

普光天然气净化厂设计硫磺产能2.4 Mt/a,是亚洲最大的硫磺生产基地。针对该厂特大型硫磺储运系统存在的皮带输送单元落地硫磺粉尘扩散、地下廊道硫磺粉尘超标、装车单元粉尘闪爆等安全隐患,围绕固体硫磺仓储、输送、装车环节开展粉尘风险防控难题攻关,研究皮带机集成清扫、地下廊道粉尘消减及粉尘闪爆综合治理技术,形成了特大型固体硫磺储运系统全流程粉尘防控关键技术,实现了安全清洁生产,提高了装置本质安全水平。

光伏组件表面积灰监控系统设计与实现

光伏组件表面积灰会影响组件的发电效率,降低光伏电站运行的经济性。为了能够监测光伏电站中组件表面的积灰状态,进而基于监测数据进行光伏电站清洗运维优化方法的研究,提出一种光伏电站组件表面积灰监控系统。该系统中,下位机采用STM32F407微处理器扩展ADS1256模数转换器采集与积灰相关的多种传感器信号,并通过无线传输模块将数据传给上位机监控软件。基于LabVIEW开发的上位机监控软件通过串口接收数据,处理并存储数据后,根据相应数据对光伏电站的清洗时间进行优化。经过实验测试,本系统能够准确地采集、传输、处理和储存数据,监测光伏电站组件表面的积灰状态并实现电站清洗时间的规划,对光伏电站清洗运维优化有重要意义。

汉钢冶金粉尘在烧结工序综合回收利用的研究

汉钢烧结厂通过冶金粉尘清洁运输、分类堆储及消化,建立了冶金粉尘应对调整模型,实现了钢铁企业冶金粉尘在烧结工序的综合回收利用,这一创新举措不仅有效地降低了烧结工序生产成本,实现了冶金粉尘的清洁运输,还为冶金行业提供了可持续发展的解决方案。

吹灰上料拆包工艺自动化设备的设计与应用

在海洋石油勘探开发大宗料服务方面,吹灰上料拆包作业存在着人工劳动强度大、粉尘外溢严重、作业效率低、耗用机具人力多、职业健康安全隐患大等问题。为解决这些问题,文章设计了一款工艺自动化拆包设备,集成吨包输送、抓取、破包、粉料传输、废袋回收、密闭除尘等功能于一体,实现了吨包拆破自动化、密闭除尘和废袋自动收集的目标。这达到预期效果,消除破包环节人工操作模式,降低工人操作强度,减少机具人力占用消耗,消除粉尘外溢,改善提高工人作业环境。

鼠浪湖矿石码头皮带机系统环境治理的研究与应用

皮带机是一种常用的物料输送设备,广泛应用于矿石码头等场所,本文旨在探讨专业铁矿石码头皮带机系统扬尘治理的问题。首先对皮带机系统扬尘的特点进行分析,明确扬尘易发部位及其特点,其次指出传统除尘技术存在的问题,最后提出一套新的技术方案,并对其实施效果进行了阐述。

光伏板清洁装置的优缺点分析与前景展望

通过对比分析太阳能光伏板清洁装置在太阳能光伏板清洁行业中的发展与应用,系统地介绍了市面上现有各类太阳能光伏板清洁装置在各层次上的优缺点,通过对国家政策、太阳能发电行业发展趋势的对比分析,总结出我国太阳能光伏发电板清洁行业未来的发展方向及光伏板清洁装置发展的巨大潜力。

智能清扫机器人在屋顶分布式光伏电站中的应用

随着国家“双碳”战略的实施,分布式光伏电站作为集中式光伏电站的有效补充应用形式得到了快速发展。由于分布式光伏电站多建于工厂、园区、车站等建筑的屋顶,在进行光伏组件清洗时面临清洗人员高处坠落风险大、清洗次数多等困难。以某屋顶分布式光伏电站为例,首先对传统人工清洗方式存在的问题进行分析,然后针对这些问题提出利用智能清扫机器人进行清扫的解决方案,并对智能清扫机器人实际应用效果进行验证。研究结果显示:采用智能清扫机器人清扫的光伏阵列的总发电量可提升21.2%,在该提升幅度下,对于5.324 MW的屋顶分布式光伏电站而言,使用智能清扫机器人清扫可比采用人工清洗方式清扫每月多提升63.74万kWh的发电量,每年增加的发电量收益为50.77万元,1~2年即可回收智能清扫机器人的初始投资成本。以期该研究结果为分布式光伏电站提升运维效率、降低运维成本提供参考。

基于K-means算法和积灰损耗系数的西北地区光伏电站清洗策略建模分析

针对当前西北地区光伏场站缺乏科学合理的清洗策略来清除组件表面积灰的问题,提出基于K-means算法和积灰损耗系数的光伏电站清洗策略模型。利用K-means算法对场站提供的日志发电数据进行聚类得到晴天数据样本,利用该样本数据拟合发电能力损耗曲线求解积灰损耗系数,联立清洗成本建立清洗策略模型。文章利用西北地区某光伏场站的发电数据对模型进行了验证,分析结果表明模型准确性较高,也为西北地区光伏电站清洗策略的研究提供了新思路。

管道清扫机器人的研究及在粮油行业中的应用

针对现有管道清扫机器人的工作原理、结构、特点、存在的问题,对其结构进行新的设计。新设计的自动行走、粉尘防爆、长度定位和多模式操作,具有结构简便、电气粉尘防爆的优点,该新设计的多模式操作适用于多种集尘环境的清扫工作,同时拓展了粉尘防爆场合的应用。最后阐述了该新设计的优点、特点及其使用前景。

多晶硅硬密封球阀的最新设计特点

随着多晶硅生产工艺改进实现提纯度高的分析与管线使用验证,总结多晶硅硬密封球阀的性能特点。与常规硬密封球阀相比,多晶硅硬密封球阀应具有防尘、高硬度、防腐的特点。密封面应采用结合强度高、敷熔后密封层硬度高且耐磨的材料。密封面应具有自清洁与自研磨性能,球体需有引流性能,可减轻阀门启闭力扭矩,并且可以预防阀腔硅粉堆积导致阀门卡死,阀体与阀座都需要设计有效的防尘功能来确保阀座运动有效性等。

Image Analysis on Detachment Process of Dust Cake on Ceramic Candle Filter

Based on the analysis of high-speed video images, the detachment behavior of dust cake from the ceramic candle filter surface during pulse cleaning process is investigated. The influences of the dust cake loading,the reservoir pressure, and the filtration velocity on the cleaning effectiveness are analyzed. Experimental results show that there exists an optimum dust cake thickness for pulse-cleaning process. For thin dust cake, the patchy cleaning exists and the cleaning efficiency is low; if the dust cake is too thick, the pressure drop across the dust cake becomes higher and a higher reservoir pressure may be needed. At the same time there also exists an optimum reservoir pressure for a given filtration condition.

基于CFD-EDEM大豆风选除尘模拟研究

为去除收获晾晒后大豆颗粒中的灰尘,设计一个倾斜气流除尘清选装置。以大豆与灰尘为研究对象,对除尘风选过程进行运动学分析。基于CFD-EDEM气固两相流耦合的方法,对装置进行除尘清选模拟研究,以除尘率与大豆损失率为评价指标,讨论装置的风速大小、气流倾角和风口开度对除尘效果的影响。进行单因素分析,确定单因素对除尘效果影响最大的区间范围,得到风速取值范围为4~6 m/s,气流倾角取值范围为22°~26°,风口开度取值范围为45~55 mm。利用Design-Expert软件中Box-Behnken试验设计方法,进行3因素3水平正交试验,建立多元回归方程,以除尘率最高和损失率最低为优化目标,确定最佳参数组合:风速大小5.3 m/s、气流倾角23.4°、风口开度45.6 mm,此时除尘率为100%,大豆损失率为0。研究为谷物倾斜气流清选提供参考。

鸡舍排出空气过滤清洗装置设计与试验

为降低鸡舍排风对场区环境和生物安全的影响,规模化鸡场开始普遍采用在鸡舍排风机外侧设置过滤网的方式拦截羽毛和过滤粉尘。羽毛和粉尘在过滤网积聚易导致鸡舍通风效率降低,因此需要定期进行人工清洗,既费工费时又危害清洗人员呼吸道健康。为实现鸡舍排出空气的自动化高效净化,该研究设计了一种由过滤机构、清洗机构、驱动机构和控制机构组成的鸡舍排出空气过滤清洗装置,并进行了试验验证和运行能耗及成本核算。根据鸡舍排风污染物特性和过滤清洗需求,确定了过滤网材质及孔径、冲洗杆喷头选型及布置方式,以及驱动小车电机选型和车轮直径等关键参数,编写了装置运行控制程序。该装置通过自走式小车沿导轨往返运动驱动连接在过滤网内外侧竖直布置的冲洗杆和收集槽同步运动,冲洗杆采用喷水反向冲洗的方式,将过滤网内侧积聚的羽毛和粉尘冲洗至收集槽中,再排放至鸡场废水收集系统,从而实现过滤网的定期自动清洗功能,保证过滤效果的同时减少人力投入。试验验证结果表明,该装置运行可靠、控制简单,能够过滤拦截收集鸡舍排出空气中的羽毛,对鸡舍排出空气中粉尘的去除率可达到55.0%;运行能耗及成本核算结果表明,装置耗水量为2.17 L/(次·m^(2)),耗电量为0.0017(kW·h)/(次·m^(2)),运行成本为0.0206元/(次·m^(2)),为实现规模化鸡舍排出空气净化处理的工程应用提供了技术支撑。

基于K-means算法和积灰损耗系数的中国西北地区光伏电站清洗策略建模分析

针对当前中国西北地区光伏电站缺乏科学合理的清洗策略来清除光伏组件表面积灰的问题,提出基于K-means算法和积灰损耗系数的光伏电站清洗策略模型。利用K-means算法对光伏电站的发电日志进行聚类得到晴天数据样本,利用该样本数据拟合光伏电站发电能力与积灰持续时间曲线,求解积灰损耗系数,联立光伏电站清洗成本建立清洗策略模型;以中国西北地区某光伏电站为例进行分析,将得到的清洗经济阈值与该光估电站长期的运行经验模型计算结果对比后,发现该模型准确性较高。以期本研究为中国西北地区光伏电站清洗策略的研究提供新思路。