Anti-Cancer Agents Associated Diarrhea:Current Status and Prospects

Cancer stands as one of the major threats to human life.Ensuring the safety of drugs is paramount,and the impact of adverse reactions on patients’quality of life and prognosis should not be underestimated.Diarrhea is a common clinical adverse event,and despite the absence of specific anti-diarrhea drugs,there is a pressing need for improvement.This article aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers in clinical drug use and scientific tumor treatment.It summarizes recent advancements in drug mechanisms and adverse reactions,whether in preclinical research or clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Target Oriented Synthesis and Mass Spectral Characterization of Curcumin-Phenformin Adduct： Potential Insights into the Role of this Conjugate as Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Agent

Recently microwave-induced chemical synthesis of curcumin-metformin adduct to enhance the efficacy of metformin in preventing the formation of Advanced Glycation End Products （AGEs） has been reported from authors＇ laboratory. The present studies describe microwave-induced chemical synthesis and mass spectral characterization of curcumin-phenformin adducts using LC-MS/MS. The mechanism of formation and its analytical data via Thin-Layer Chromatography （TLC） combined with MS/MS fragmentation revealed a major six membered ring adduct and a minor eight membered ring isomer. A facile chemical synthesis and identification of major and minor isomers presented in this study may offer novel therapeutic strategies for inhibiting AGEs as well as anti-cancer treatments.

Bridging academic science and clinical research in the search for novel targeted anti-cancer agents

This review starts with a brief history of drug discovery & development, and the place of Asia in this worldwide effort discussed. The conditions and constraints of a successful translational R&D involving academic basic research and clinical research are discussed and the Singapore model for pursuit of open R&D described. The importance of well-characterized, validated drug targets for the search for novel targeted anti-cancer agents is emphasized, as well as a structured, high quality translational R&D. Furthermore, the characteristics of an attractive preclinical development drug candidate are discussed laying the foundation of a successful preclinical development. The most frequent sources of failures are described and risk management at every stage is highly recommended. Organizational factors are also considered to play an important role. The factors to consider before starting a new drug discovery & development project are described, and an example is given of a successful clinical project that has had its roots in local universities and was carried through preclinical development into phase I clinical trials.

Pharmacokinetic,Physicochemical and Medicinal Properties of N-glycoside Anti-cancer Agent More Potent than 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Lung Cancer Cells

Acetylated N-xyloside of 1-naphthylamine(K8A)has been shown to be more potent than 2-deoxy-D-glucose in lung cancer cells and has therapeutic potential for further drug development.In this paper we evaluate and report cytotoxicity,pharmacokinetic,physicochemical and medicinal properties of this D-Xylose derivative(K8A)as a lead anticancer agent with greater therapeutic potential than 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG).2-DG has been in clinical trials for treatment of solid tumors and other types of cancer.We demonstrate using virtual tools that K8A has better“drug-likeness”than 2-DG and does not violate any Lipinski,Ghose,Veber,Egan or Muegge rules.On the other hand,2-DG violates Ghose and Muegge rules.A“BOILEDegg evaluation”,predicts that K8A has higher gastrointestinal absorption(HIA)than 2-DG and is not effluxed by P-glycoprotein(P-gp).Additionally,K8A does not penetrate the blood brain barrier(BBB)and is not a substrate of most Cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes.Importantly,K8A did not show false positive alert from PAINS screening enabling us to narrow down and rule out false targets.Importantly,K8A is more potent than 2-DG in H1299 and A549 lung cancer cells.

Prenylated flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis as promising anti-cancer agents: a preliminary structure-activity study

Prenylated flavonoids are mainly distributed in Leguminosae and Moraceae plants, and they have been reported to possess various biological activities. Previously, we have reported a prenylated isoflavonoid, isoangustone A（IAA） from licorice（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）, which induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial functions. In the present study, we compared a group of flavonoids from licorice with IAA for their anti-proliferation activities and effects on intracellular signaling. The results indicated that the isoprenyl groups on the A and B rings, the hydroxyl groups at the ortho position of isoprenyl on A ring and the conjugated plane of C ring might contribute to the anti-cancer activity of prenylated flavonoids. Based on the above structure-activity relationship, we further identified four prenylated flavonoids with similar anti-cancer activities from licorice. Taken together, our present study established a preliminary structure-activity relationship of anti-cancer prenylated flavonoids, and our data provided important leading compounds from licorice, which deserved further research and development.

Aging-induced memory loss due to decreased N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine,a melatonin metabolite,in the hippocampus:a potential prophylactic agent for dementia

Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.

Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Herbacetin and Its Molecular Mechanisms

Rhodiola rosea,a perennial herb of the genus Rhodiola in the Crassulaceae family,is commonly used to treat depression,fatigue,cancer and cardiovascular diseases.Herbacetin is a natural flavonol compound extracted from R.rosea plant,with many pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer effect,anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect.In this paper,the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of herbacetin were summarized by consulting domestic and foreign literature,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of herbacetin.

A functional cathode sodium compensation agent for stable sodium-ion batteries

Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.

Preparation and Performance of Ternary Early Strength Agent and Quercetin Composite Cement Sealing Material

A ternary early-strengthening agent consisting of calcium formate+triethanolamine+lithium sulfate was compounded with quercetin to shorten the setting time of cementitious materials while ensuring their early strength.The optimum ratio of the three early-strengthening agents was determined as 0.5%calcium formate+0.04%triethanolamine+0.4%lithium sulfate by response surface methodology.The effects of the ternary early-strengthening agent composed of calcium formate+triethanolamine(TEA)+lithium sulfate on cementitious pore sealing materials under the synergistic effect of quercetin were studied by means of the performance tests of compressive strength,fluidity,and setting time,and the microstructural characterizations of X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD),thermogravimetry(TG-DSC)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The study shows that the synergistic effect of ternary early-strengthening agent and quercetin forms a multi-performance composite admixture for cementitious materials.The best performance was obtained with the compounding scheme of 0.5%calcium formate+0.04%triethanolamine+0.4%lithium sulfate ternary early-strengthening agent and 0.05%quercetin.The compressive strength of 1,3,7,and 28 d are 94.8%,39.8%,42%,and 28%higher than those of the blank group,respectively.The initial time and final setting time are 41 and 57 minutes,respectively.According to the microscopic analysis,the network and fibrous C-S-H gels generated by ternary early-strengthening agents are attached to the surface promoted by quercetin,which forms skeleton support while thickening and solidifying the cement slurry,which enhances the early compressive strength of the cement-based materials.

Anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extracts from leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum

Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.

基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统设计

异构网络具有结构复杂、多重覆盖面积大等特征,使得网络入侵检测较为隐蔽,威胁网络运行的安全性;为此,对基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统进行了研究;通过检测Agent和通信Agent装设主机Agent,以Cisco Stealthwatch流量传感器作为异构网络传感器检测攻击行为,采用STM32L151RDT664位微控制器传输批量数据,由MAX3232芯片实现系统电平转化,实现硬件系统设计;软件部分设计入侵检测标准,采用传感器设备捕获网络实时数据,通过Agent技术解析异构网络协议并提取数据运行特征,综合考虑协议解析结果及与检测标准匹配度,实现异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测;经实验测试表明,基于Agent人工智能的异构网络多重覆盖节点入侵检测系统入侵行为的漏检率和入侵类型误检率的平均值仅为6%和5%,能够有效提高检测精度,减小检测误差。

基于多Agent深度强化学习的无人机协作规划方法

人机协作控制是多无人机任务规划的重要方式。考虑多无人机任务环境协同解释和策略控制一致性需求,提出基于多Agent深度强化学习的无人机协作规划方法。依据任务知识和行为状态,构建基于任务分配Agent的任务规划器,生成人机交互的相互依赖关系;设计一种深度学习强化方法,解决群体行为最优策略和协同控制方法,并利用混合主动行为选择机制评估学习策略。实验结果表明:作为人机交互实例,所提方法通过深度强化学习使群体全局联合动作表现较好,学习速度和稳定性均能优于确定性策略梯度方法。同时,在跟随、自主和混合主动3种模式比较下,可以较好地控制无人机飞行路径和任务,为无人机集群任务执行提供了智能决策依据。

流程型生产安全数据流的多Agent节点协同分流优化方法

为实现流程型生产安全监测系统的及时、准确决策,结合数据流采集与隐患识别过程,分析非关键数据的冗余、关键数据的缺失和数据计算时延较大的问题,提出基于多Agent的流程型生产安全数据流网络分流调度规划方法和节点流量划分识别机制。研究结果表明:相较于分簇传输方法,数据流网络分流调度方法可以实现关键隐患数据更高的传输成功率;相较于常规的复杂事件处理方法,本文提出的流量划分识别机制在2种类型数据集上实现隐患事件识别均有更低的计算时延。研究结果可为流程行业安全生产数字化管控模式和数据高质量获取提供参考。

Agent视域下的人工智能赋能作战系统

针对作战系统的智能化设计问题,提出了基于Agent的人工智能技术概念框架和应用方法。首先,阐述了Agent概念,讨论了在作战系统中研究Agent的重要意义。然后,介绍了基于Agent的人工智能研究框架,列举了Agent在作战系统中的多种应用方式。最后,分析了Agent技术发展趋势及其作战应用可能面临的风险与挑战。

基于AI agent的6G内生智能技术框架及其应用

未来6G网络将内生支持通信和AI一体化服务,赋能丰富多彩的新业务,支撑社会高效可持续发展。为此,借鉴了IT行业AI Agent的应用范式,基于电信应用场景创新地提出了6G AI Agent技术框架的三大设计理念,包括多模型融合、定制化Agent和插件式环境交互,并基于该理念构建了6G AI Agent技术框架。通过环境交互层、Agent引擎层、模型调度层、模型基座层交互协同,实现了自主环境感知、自主任务生成和自主执行任务的能力。此外,以移动网络的智能感知任务为例,探索了AI Agent的使用场景及价值,为AI新技术在电信领域发展提供了新的思路和技术支撑。

基于免疫Agent的电力电缆线路故障检测系统

为区别故障信号、非故障信号,实现对电缆线路故障的准确检测,设计了基于免疫Agent的电力电缆线路故障检测系统。利用前端检测电路为故障分析模块、测距方式切换模块提供电量传输信号,完成系统前端检测装置的连接。按照免疫Agent检测原理提取电力电缆线路故障信号的特征,联合已获取信号对象,求解检测插值指标的具体数值。结合各级硬件设备结构,完成系统设计。实验结果表明,该系统可同时检测波频为10~20 Hz、40~50 Hz、60~70 Hz的故障信号与波频为20~30 Hz、30~40 Hz、50~60 Hz的非故障信号,可以在精准辨别故障与非故障信号的同时,实现对电力电缆线路故障的准确检测。

基于多Agent的服装可持续消费行为建模与仿真

“双碳”目标下,随着服装消费引起的气候变化和环境污染等生态问题日益严重,迫切需要重新思考和重塑服装消费模式,推动服装消费向质量型、低碳化转变,从而实现服装产业的绿色转型。文章运用多Agent建模方法,构建服装可持续消费行为仿真模型,采用Netlogo平台进行仿真实验,探求服装可持续消费行为的影响机理。结果表明,消费者可持续消费认知、产品可持续性和设施供应条件均显著促进可持续消费行为;但不同强度下,产品可持续性和设施供应条件的推动作用存在差异。基于此,从可持续消费认知和供应条件两方面提出了引导中国消费者服装可持续消费行为的建议和对策。

一种基于Agent的任务自生成方法

任务自生成是基于预先设定的业务工作流完成任务执行流程制定的一个过程,任务执行流程制定主要包括任务执行步骤选取与任务执行步骤相应的解决方案选取。提出一种基于Agent的任务自生成方法来解决基于传统的业务工作流的流程制定机制,在面对有差异性需求的不同任务时,因其不能做出任务执行流程制定的自适应性改变而在处理任务时出现处理速度慢、结果不准确等问题。利用Agent的环境感知能力实现对任务需求信息和任务自生成系统环境的感知,利用Agent的自主行为决策能力结合感知的信息实现对任务执行流程制定工作的自主管理,在真实应用场景测试中,通过一系列比较实验验证了这种方法在处理速度和准确度方面具有明显优势。

基于Multi-Agent的无人机集群体系自主作战系统设计

针对无人集群自主作战体系设计中的关键问题,提出基于Multi-Agent的无人集群自主作战系统设计方法。建立无人集群各节点的Agent模型及其推演规则;对于仿真系统模块化和通用化的需求,设计系统互操作式接口和无人集群自主作战的交互关系;开展无人集群系统仿真推演验证。仿真结果表明,所提设计方案不仅能够有效开展并完成自主作战网络生成-集群演化-效能评估的全过程动态演示验证,而且能够通过重复随机试验进一步评估无人集群的协同作战效能,最后总结了集群协同作战的策略和经验。

Potential Anti-cancer Activity of Furanodiene

Objective： To study the isolated from the essential oil VIVO anti-tumor activities of furanodiene of the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin （C15H200）, a primary sesquiterpene compound YH Chen et C. Ling（Wen Ezhu）, in vitro and in Methods： In vitro MTT assay was used to further study the effects of time and dosage on anti-proliferation of furanodiene against the sensitive Hela, Hep-2, HL-60, U251 cells, based on the cytotoxic effects of furanodiene on 12 human malignant tumor cell lines with the essential oil of Wen Ezhn as control., and the half-inhibitory concentration （IC50） was observed. In vivo uterine cervix （U14） tumor cell was selected and the conventional assay method of anti-tumor activity was employed. Furanodiene liposome was administered intraperitoneally, and tumor-inhibitory rate, thymus and spleen indexes were observed. Results： The inhibitive effects on cell proliferation were shown in all of the twelve cell lines and the cytotoxic effects of furanodiene against Hela, Hep-2, HL-60, U251 cells were observed after 12 h of administration, the effect could last for at least 48 h in a dose dependent manner, and the IC50 values were 0.6, 1.7, 1.8, 7.0μg/ml, respectively. Furanodiene was also found to show inhibitive effects on the proliferation of uterine cervix （U14） tumor induced in mice. The tumor inhibition rates were 36.09% （40 mg/kg）, 41.55% （60 mg/kg）, 58.29% （80 mg/kg）, respectively. Conclusion： Furanodiene is one of primary anti-cancer active components in the essential oil of Wen Ezhu, and also a very effective agent against uterine cervix cancer, and has protection effect on the immune function.