Posting of Graphical Bills: An Analytical Perception of Environmental Pollutions in Nigerian Cities

More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on different techniques is an exercise in the right direction. This is expedient, given the recent overwhelming growing rate of environmental pollution of advertisement graphical bills worldwide. Posting of advertisement graphical bills constitutes one of the biggest threats to man and his environment as it now appears and as we live in an age of growing sensitivity to environmental cleanliness. Pollution of the Nigerian cities through advertisement bills assumes the general term of outdoor advertising ranging from hand-printed signs, posters, painted bulletins and spectaculars. However this paper discusses the trends of posting graphic advertisement bills in Nigerian cities. Its impact on aesthetics, as well as the pollution problems associated with the urban development. The study areas are Abuja, Akure, Ibadan and Lagos. In order to ensure that each unit of the population is represented, random sampling technique was used to get the necessary information from the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of strict control and market regulations in posting of advertisement bill in built environment and eradication of pollution of the environment.

Smart Grid Distribution Management System (SGDMS) for Optimised Electricity Bills

This paper presents the use of proposed Smart Grid Distribution Management System (SGDMS) for Singapore contestable and non-contestable consumers. The SGDMS is a distributed management system proposed using Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology. This system can optimise the distribution of renewable energy while minimizing electricity bills for consumers. The entire system was developed using Java with the extension of JADE which is an IEEE FIPA compliant multi-agent system platform. This decentralised platform allows agents to interact and communicate using energy sources from different sectors and control them intelligently to minimise the cost of electricity for the consumers. Simulation studies were carried out on the proposed system to show its potential for providing solutions through intelligent distribution techniques and how it influences the cost of electricity.

Luminescence regulation of Sb^(3+)in 0D hybrid metal halides by hydrogen bond network for optical anti-counterfeiting

The Sb^(3+) doping strategy has been proven to be an effective way to regulate the band gap and improve the photophysical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides(OIHMHs).However,the emission of Sb^(3+) ions in OIHMHs is primarily confined to the low energy region,resulting in yellow or red emissions.To date,there are few reports about green emission of Sb^(3+)-doped OIHMHs.Here,we present a novel approach for regulating the luminescence of Sb^(3+) ions in 0D C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O via hydrogen bond network,in which water molecules act as agents for hydrogen bonding.Sb^(3+)-doped C_(10)H_(2)2N_(6)InCl_(7)·H_(2)O shows a broadband green emission peaking at 540 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 80%.It is found that the intense green emission stems from the radiative recombination of the self-trapped excitons(STEs).Upon removal of water molecules with heat,C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7) generates yellow emis-sion,attributed to the breaking of the hydrogen bond network and large structural distortions of excited state.Once water molecules are adsorbed by C_(10)H_(2)_(2)N_(6)In_(1-x)Sb_(x)Cl_(7),it can subsequently emit green light.This water-induced reversible emission switching is successfully used for optical security and information encryption.Our findings expand the under-standing of how the local coordination structure influences the photophysical mechanism in Sb^(3+)-doped metal halides and provide a novel method to control the STEs emission.

High-resolution imaging of magnetic fields of banknote anti-counterfeiting strip using fiber diamond probe

Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.

Billings生育调节法应用于哺乳期妇女的临床实验研究

近年来，我国响应世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会的号召，为实现产后４～６个月内完全母乳喂养率达８０％的总目标而努力。文献报道完全母乳喂养并处于闭经阶段４～６个月内，采用生育调控法，其避孕效果可达９８％［１］。我院在１９９５年建立了爱婴医院，为了保护婴儿...

稽留流产、葡萄胎妇女使用Billings法避孕效果观察

目的:观察稽留流产和葡萄胎妇女刮宫术后采用Billings法避孕的效果。方法:观察组46例,为我院住院治疗的稽留流产和葡萄胎行刮宫术后采用Billings法避孕者,同时随机抽取我院Billings门诊避孕的妇女92例为对照组,观察两组对象24个月内的停用率、续用率和意外妊娠率。结果:138例妇女共观察1501个妇女月,24个月内观察组除6例计划妊娠外,无停用和意外妊娠者,净累积续用率86.95%。对照组24个月内停用17例(18.47%),意外妊娠1例(1.08%),净累积续用率81.52%。结论:稽留流产、葡萄胎妇女采用Billings法避孕,效果良好,值得推荐应用。

Billings排卵法在避孕与受孕的应用研究

为了探讨Ｂｉｌｌｉｎｇｓ排卵法的可应用性，对１７５例妇女应用Ｂｉｌｌｉｎｇｓ排卵法调节生育进行了观察。其中避孕（Ａ组）１５５例，受孕（Ｂ组）２０例，共观察１１３３个月经周期。结果表明：Ａ组与方法有关的妊娠率为０．１％，避孕有效率为９８，８％妇女年；Ｂ组受孕成功率为９０．Ｏ％。本方法不受文化、职业限制。３个月经周期内学会使用者为８６．３％，认为使用方便者９４．９％，坚持应用者９３，７％。认为Ｂｉｌｌｉｎｇｓ排卵法是一种方便、易学、安全、可靠的人类生殖调节技术。

Stylistic Analysis on "Bill's Little Girl":Lexical Features

"Bill's Little Girl " is a prose. This article analysis's its stylistic features of language in the aspects of lexical. While analysis, we can further appreciate its plain and simple language, its natural and fluent manner of writing and its complete discourse, meanwhile we can deeply understand that love is great, father's love is great.

上海市688对育龄夫妇连续使用Billings自然避孕法的临床效果观察及实验研究

本研究在1988,6～1990,5的两年间,对688对育龄夫妇进行了连续使用Billings 法的避孕效果与续用情况的观察,共10,275个妇女月;其中,550对夫妇连续使用12个月以上。用生命表统计分析,18个月和12个月时净累积停用率分别为34.58%和19.85%,续用率分别为65.42%和80.15%(因方法学意外妊娠分别为1.18%和1.02%,因方法学停用分别为2.84%和1.61%)。在观察临床效果的同时,对67例使用该法的志愿者进行阴道脱落细胞学检查,10例血、尿LH 和35例尿雌、孕激素测定。本文还对两年来临床观察和实验研究的多个方面进行了讨论,并认为该法值得进一步研究,可有组织、有计划地逐步扩大应用。

Billings自然避孕法作为计划生育措施的临床初试

113名育龄妇女根据不同要求用Billings自然避孕法作为计划生育措施,共428个周期;其中要求避孕及延缓受孕76名,避孕成功率为92.59%(妇女年)。本法安全、有效、简便、经济,对自愿暂缓生育的新婚夫妇及不适应现有避孕方法的夫妇更为适用,也能为不同文化程度的人所接受,是一种值得进一步研究、逐步推广应用的计划生育措施。

Blockchain and MEC-Assisted Reliable Billing Data Transmission over Electric Vehicular Network:An Actor–Critic RL Approach

Recently,electric vehicles(EVs)have been widely used under the call of green travel and environmental protection,and diverse requirements for charging are also increasing gradually.In order to ensure the authenticity and privacy of charging information interaction,blockchain technology is proposed and applied in charging station billing systems.However,there are some issues in blockchain itself,including lower computing efficiency of the nodes and higher energy consumption in the consensus process.To handle the above issues,in this paper,combining blockchain and mobile edge computing(MEC),we develop a reliable billing data transmission scheme to improve the computing capacity of nodes and reduce the energy consumption of the consensus process.By jointly optimizing the primary and replica nodes offloading decisions,block size and block interval,the transaction throughput of the blockchain system is maximized,as well as the latency and energy consumption of the system are minimized.Moreover,we formulate the joint optimization problem as a Markov decision process(MDP).To tackle the dynamic and continuity of the system state,the reinforcement learning(RL)is introduced to solve the MDP problem.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that the performance improvement of the proposed scheme through comparison with other existing schemes.

Billings自然避孕法应用中阴道细胞形态及LH水平观察

本文报道应用Billings自然避孕法时观察宫颈粘液和阴道细胞学的关系。67名妇女70周期提供了1587张阴道涂片,每例阴道涂片均显示乳酸杆菌及排卵型图象。KP1峰日在粘液峰日前后两天范围内的共有62周期,占88.6%,KP1峰日在粘液峰日后为0.01天。KP1峰日前共有粘液日为4.69天。10名妇女提供血和尿标本作血清LH 放射免疫及尿LH酶标测定。KPⅠ峰日在LH 峰日后为0.5天,粘液峰日在LH 峰日后为0.4天。

Water-sensitive multicolor luminescence in lanthanide-organic framework for anti-counterfeiting

The developme nt of high-level an ti-co un terfeiti ng tech niq ues is of great sig nifica nee in econo mics and security issues.However,i ntricate read ing methods are required to obta in multi-level info rmati on stored in differe nt colors,which greatly limits the applicati on of an ti-co un terfeit ing tech no logy on sol ving real world problems.Here in,we realize multicolor information anti-counterfeiting under simply external stimulation by utilizing the functional groups and multiple emission centers of lanthanide metal organic framework(Ln-MOFs)to tune luminescence color.Water responsive multicolor luminescence represented by both the tunable color from red to blue within the visible region and high sensitive responsivity has bee n achieved,owing to the in creased nonr adiative decay pathways and enhan ced Eu3+-to-liga nd en ergy back tra nsfer.Remarkably,i nfo rmatio n hidde n in differe nt colors n eeds to be read with a specific water content,which can be used as an en crypti on key to en sure the security of the info rmati on for high-level an ti-co un terfeiti ng.

RFID Anti-Counterfeiting for Retailing Systems

Counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems in the consumer market. One promising approach for anti-counterfeiting is to attach a low-cost Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) tag to the product authentication. In this paper, we propose an RFID system for detecting counterfeiting products. This RFID system consists of the tag authentication protocol and the database correction protocol. We use the tag authentication protocol for authenticating tags without revealing their sensitive information. This protocol also allows the customer to freely inquire the tag. To prevent the widespread of the counterfeit products, we use the tag status information along with tag identity information. Meanwhile, the database correction protocol guarantees the correctness of the tag status. Our anti-counterfeiting system is the first work considering the seller who plays an important role in the consumer product supply chain. Finally, we show that anti-counterfeiting system is quite secure against counterfeiting and the tag authentication protocol is lightweight enough to be implemented in RFID-based applications.

The Application of Billings for Fertility RegulationMethod during the Period of Breastfeeding

In order to adopt Billings Method for fertility regulation during the period of breast feeding, cervical mucus was observed and monitored in 61 breast feeding mothers.Urine estrogen and /or pregnanediol were/was measured in 15 breast feeding mothers. Observations on cervical mucus during 244 months were collected. The type of dry or no mucus was observed in 75.27% fully breast feeding mothers. Constant unchanging mucus was observed in 69.39% partially breast feeding mothers. Developmental changing mucus was observed in 79.25% of mothers bottle feeding their infants. According to the record on cervical mucus within 6 months postpartum, 97.14% of the cervical mucus was consistent with normal menstrual cycles. Urine estrogen and /or pregnanediol were/was measured in 15 breast feeding mothers. The level of estrogen in urine averaged 0.08 μmol/24 h in fully breast feeding mothers and 0.14 μmol/24 h in partially breast feeding mothers.The peak level averaged 0.21 μmol/24 h in bottle feeding mothers.The pregnanediol level was determined to confirm ovulation in bottle feeding mothers. The average levels of cut off and the period of ovulation in 6 bottle feeding mother were 7 μmol/24 h and 9 μmol/24 h respectively.Measurement of urine estrogen and pregnanediol level all matched with cervical mucus appearances. Conclusion: Billings Method is a simple, scientific method for contraception without side effects during breast feeding period.

Model for Bidding and Tendering with Bill of Quantities Based on Bid-Winning Estimate at Reasonable Low Price

The possibility and rationality of introducing an bid-winning estimate based on a reasonable low price into construction bidding mode with bill of quantities were analyzed by setting up a model for bidding and tendering, and the functions of the estimate of reasonable low price in the bidding were revealed. On this basis, a new bidding mode of the project with bill of quantities was pro- posed. The application of the new mode will be advantageous to the promotion of the bill of quantities in China.

Establishment and Application of A Mathematical Model for Rectangular Billet Continuos Casting

A two dimension unsteady heat transfer model is established for rectangular billet casting. Solidification process of liquid steel in secondary cooling zone was analyzed using direct difference method. The influence of operation parameters including casting speed and temperature of liquid steel was investigated. Experimental results have been used for increasing the casting speed.

The Clinical and Experimental Research on Billings Ovulation Method During Breastfeeding

Objective The effectiveness and acceptability of Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) during breastfeeding were studied. At the same time, the monitoring indexes of fertility return were studied.Methods It was a clinical comparative study of BOM and IUD containing copper (200mm 2). The annual rate of pregnancy, discontinuation rate and continuation rate in the two groups was determined. The serum prolactin and estradiol in 90 breastfeeding mothers and urine estrogen and pregnanediol in different feeding mothers were measured.Results There were 219 subjects in the BOM group and 200 in the IUD group. The pregnancy rate in this two groups was 1. 43% and 1. 54% respectively. The rates of discontinuation and continuation in the IUD group were:8. 87% and 91. 35% as well as in the BOM group were 8. 53% and 90. 17% respectively. Neither result was statistically significant (P>0. 05). The experimtal research showed that menses return was well estimated by 0. 35 ratio of serum prolactin vs. estrodiol. Sensitivity and specificity was 94. 61% and 84. 61% respectively. It also indicated that (1) the levels of urine hormone were closely related to the patterns of cervical mucus and (2) the incidence of ovulating before the second return of menses in partially breastfeeding mothers was much lower than that of bottle-feeding mothers (47. 05% vs. 94. 20%). Conclusion BOM is a simple, reliable and well accepted contraceptive method of during breastfeeding. If it can be combined with the measurement of serum prolactin/ estradiol, the date of menses return will be determined more easily. Encouraging mothers to breast-feed will be beneficial to the health of both babies and mothers and delay the fertility return of mothers.

A policy-based billing management architecture for the next generation IP-based network

IP billing is not only a basic functionality to operate IP sen＇ices, but also it is fundamental to offer customers with a stable and QoS-enabled network environment. As IP-based network has been widely agreed to be the core network of NGN, and existing IP billing system is too simple to fulfill the emerging requirements, the next generation IP billing has become an interesting topic in recent years. Policy-based management brings flexibility and scalability to systems by describing management logic and functions through policies, and thus reduces the complexity of the management of large-scale systems. Working on existing efforts, this paper proposed an improved IETF policy framework based upon which a policy-based billing management architecture for the next generation IP-based network was presented. Then a prototype with some basic functionalities was developed. The results of the experiment validated the expected improvements specified in this paper.

Identification of a Printed Anti-Counterfeiting Code Based on Feature Guidance Double Pool Attention Networks

The authenticity identification of anti-counterfeiting codes based on mobile phone platforms is affected by lighting environment,photographing habits,camera resolution and other factors,resulting in poor collection quality of anti-counterfeiting codes and weak differentiation of anti-counterfeiting codes for high-quality counterfeits.Developing an anticounterfeiting code authentication algorithm based on mobile phones is of great commercial value.Although the existing algorithms developed based on special equipment can effectively identify forged anti-counterfeiting codes,the anti-counterfeiting code identification scheme based on mobile phones is still in its infancy.To address the small differences in texture features,low response speed and excessively large deep learning models used in mobile phone anti-counterfeiting and identification scenarios,we propose a feature-guided double pool attention network(FG-DPANet)to solve the reprinting forgery problem of printing anti-counterfeiting codes.To address the slight differences in texture features in high-quality reprinted anti-counterfeiting codes,we propose a feature guidance algorithm that creatively combines the texture features and the inherent noise feature of the scanner and printer introduced in the reprinting process to identify anti-counterfeiting code authenticity.The introduction of noise features effectively makes up for the small texture difference of high-quality anti-counterfeiting codes.The double pool attention network(DPANet)is a lightweight double pool attention residual network.Under the condition of ensuring detection accuracy,DPANet can simplify the network structure as much as possible,improve the network reasoning speed,and run better on mobile devices with low computing power.We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the FG-DPANet proposed in this paper.Experimental results show that the proposed FG-DPANet can resist highquality and small-size anti-counterfeiting code reprint forgery.By comparing with the existing algorithm based on texture,it is shown that the proposed method has a higher authentication accuracy.Last but not least,the proposed scheme has been evaluated in the anti-counterfeiting code blurring scene,and the results show that our proposed method can well resist slight blurring of anti-counterfeiting images.