Entropy weight coefficient model and its application in evaluation of groundwater vulnerability of the Sanjiang Plain

The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, exploit and utilize on groundwater resource are provided rationally. According to the real condition of Sanjiang Plain, the indexes system is established based on the traditional DRASTIC model. The new system includes the following seven indexes： Depth of Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, Land Utilizing Ratio and Populace Density. The related analysis appears that the system is rather reasonable. Because traditional methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory, can＇t be avoided human interference in selection of weights, they could lead to an imprecise result. In order to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability reasonably, entropy weight coefficient method is applied for the first time, which provides a new way to groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The method is a model whose weights are insured by the calculation process, so the artificial disturb can be avoided. It has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in Sanjiang Plain. The satisfied result is acquired. Comparably, the same result is acquired by the other method named projection pursuit evaluation based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm. It shows that entropy weight coefficient method is applicable on groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The evaluation result can provide reference on the decision-making departments.

Program evaluation and its application to equipment based on super-efficiency DEA and gray relation projection method

For the gray attributes of the equipment program and its difficulty to carry out the quantitative assessment of the equipment program information, the gray relation projection method is simply reviewed. Combining the super-data envelopment analysis（DEA） model and the gray system theory, a new super-DEA for measuring the weight is proposed, and a gray relation projection model is established to rank the equipment programs. Finally, this approach is used to evaluate the equipment program. The results are verified valid and can provide a new way for evaluating the equipment program.

Safety evaluation for railway vehicles using an improved indirect measurement method of wheel–rail forces

The wheel-rail force measurement is of great importance to the condition monitoring and safety evaluation of railway vehicles. In this paper, an improved indirect method for wheel-rail force measurement is proposed to evaluate the running safety of railway vehicles. In this method, the equilibrium equations of a suspended wheelset are derived and the wheel-rail forces are then be obtained from measured suspension and inertia forces. This indirect method avoids structural modifications to the wheelset and is applicable to the long-term operation of railway vehicles. As the wheel-rail lateral forces at two sides of the wheelset are difficult to separate, a new derailment criterion by combined use of wheelset derailment coefficient and wheel unloading ratio is proposed. To illustrate its effectiveness, the indirect method is applied to safety evaluation of rail- way vehicles in different scenarios, such as the cross wind safety of a high-speed train and the safety of a metro vehicle with hunting motions. Then, the feasibility of using this method to identify wheel-rail forces for low-floor light rail vehicles with resilient wheels is discussed. The values identified by this method is compared with that by Simpack simulation for the same low-floor vehicle, which shows a good coincidence between them in the time domain of the wheelset lateral force and the wheel-rail vertical force. In addition, use of the method to determine the high-frequency wheel-rail interaction forces reveals that it is possible to identify the high-frequency wheel-rail forces through the accelerations on the axle box.

A new approach for selecting best development face ventilation mode based on G1-coefficient of variation method

The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.

Terrain Rendering LOD Algorithm Based on Improved Restrictive Quadtree Segmentation and Variation Coefficient of Elevation

Aiming to deal with the difficult issues of terrain data model simplification and crack disposal,the paper proposed an improved level of detail(LOD)terrain rendering algorithm,in which a variation coefficient of elevation is introduced to express the undulation of topography.Then the coefficient is used to construct a node evaluation function in the terrain data model simplification step.Furthermore,an edge reduction strategy is combined with the improved restrictive quadtree segmentation to handle the crack problem.The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed method can reduce the amount of rendering triangles and enhance the rendering speed on the premise of ensuring the rendering effect compared with a traditional LOD algorithm.

Acoustic Prediction and Risk Evaluation of Shallow Gas in Deep-Water Areas

Shallow gas is a potential risk in deep-water drilling that must not be ignored,as it may cause major safety problems,such as well kicks and blowouts.Thus,the pre-drilling prediction of shallow gas is important.For this reason,this paper conducted deep-water shallow gas acoustic simulation experiments based on the characteristics of deep-water shallow soil properties and the theory of sound wave speed propagation.The results indicate that the propagation speed of sound waves in shallow gas increases with an in-crease in pressure and decreases with increasing porosity.Pressure and sound wave speed are basically functions of the power expo-nent.Combined with the theory of sound wave propagation in a saturated medium,this paper establishes a multivariate functional relationship between sound wave speed and formation pressure and porosity.The numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate shal-low gas eruptions under different pressure conditions.Shallow gas pressure coefficients that fall within the ranges of 1.0-1.1,1.1-1.2,and exceeding 1.2 are defined as low-,medium-,and high-risk,respectively,based on actual operations.This risk assessment me-thod has been successfully applied to more than 20 deep-water wells in the South China Sea,with a prediction accuracy of over 90%.

Field evaluation of a ground-coupled heat pump in hot-summer and cold-winter regions

The experimental performance of small-sized ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is researched intensively. However, there are little data documenting the operation performance of existing large-sized GCHP system. We presented the actual performance measurement of a GCHP installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, Hubei province, P. R. China. The system was constructed with a closed vertical typed ground heat exchanger with a total pipe length of 32 000 m. During one year, various operating parameters were monitored, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, the electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The seasonal coefficients of performances of the heat pumps and the system based on the measured data were found to be 4.01 and 2.96 in the cooling season, and 3.54 and 2.86 in the heating season, respectively. The GCHP system was more economical than the air-source room air conditioner in the energy efficiency which was increased by 29% in cooling mode and 50% in heating mode. There was an obvious heat imbalance of soil between the injection rate and the extraction rate in the residential GCHP system operation.

Research on Uncertainties in Evaluation Indicator System for Ecological Residential Community

In the process of evaluating,the weights of indicators are firstly determined by AHP and Delphi methods;and the values of indicators are normalized by grey correlative coefficient method.A suit of means were put forward,by which a qualitative and quantitative evaluation indicator system suitable for the situation of China and uncertainties can be established.Both idiographic and operable methods and process were presented.Following the principle of elasticity,hiberarchy and maneuverability,a three-layer evaluation indicator system was established by AHP in Jiuyi ecological residential community,which includes 5 subsystems and 24 indicatiors.The weights of indicators are measured by AHP and expert estimate and their best indicators values up to par were determined by fuzzy mathematics and optimization.The whole evaluation indicator system not only has an active and practical effect on estimating ecological residential community,but also guides ecological residential community planning.

Adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface

The adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface was analyzed and the formula about it was derived.Some suggestions about highway construction,driving safety of the drivers and the judgment of the traffic accidents were presented.The results show that the adhesion coefficient is a function with the extreme value.If there is atmospheric pressure in the tire,the load of the vehicle and the degree of the coarse on the road surface is not selected properly,it will reach the least and affect the safety of the running automobile.

PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COLOR DESIGN

In this paper, a method of predicting psychological values of color design was performed by using random color patterns. The results were analyzed in terms of the Fourier transform of the color patterns, and it was found that the psychological values of the random color patterns depended not only on the zero frequency component but also on the dynamic components of the Fourier transform of the patterns. The application of the estimation method was discussed.

Study on the Evaluation Method of the Performances of Corporation

This paper studies the evaluation method of the performances of corporation that was set up by the Financial Ministry in 1999, and then analyzes the advantages and the problems of the method. Finally, this paper studies the theoretical method of the evaluation of the performances of corporation.

Metric Based Evaluation and Improvement of Software Designs

The demand for quality software expands as the business environment grows internationally. Common to all software development methodologies is a design phase that focuses on the physical software model. Design criteria used to evaluate these models are important for refinement and improvement. The purpose of this research is to apply transformations of McCabe’s cyclomatic complexity as a means for improving software design and assessing risks within a design. In this research, two metrics, the management (CMGT) and maintenance (CMN) coefficients are introduced, and they are used to address the architectural, size, and quality dimensions of a software design.

简易保鲜储藏设备质量评价研究——以北京市为例

为实现简易保鲜储藏设备的推广应用,需要先确定简易保鲜储藏设备的质量评价方法。通过分析研究简易保鲜储藏设备质量调查评价方法并进行实际应用,对简易保鲜储藏设备的安全性、可靠性、适应性和售后服务状况等内容进行调查及评价,掌握在用保鲜储藏设备的整体质量水平。在分析研究简易保鲜储藏设备的组成结构、参数及功能原理、用途、设备实际运行使用过程中可能出现的状况及故障、用户使用设备的质量要求及服务感受的基础上,设置设备质量评价指标,每个指标赋予不同的权重系数。其中一级指标5个,分别是安全性、适用性、可靠性、物料使用负荷程度、售后服务;二级指标25个。一级指标中安全性25分、适用性20分、可靠性20分、物料使用负荷程度20分、售后服务15分。调查结果表明,简易保鲜储藏设备所有样本加权得分为83.10。3家公司的产品生产使用性能较好,达到产品设计标准。

20个草莓品种在山东烟台的果实品质差异分析与综合评价

为了全面地对山东省烟台地区草莓种质资源进行分析和评价,筛选关键评价指标,提高育种效率,采集20个烟台地区草莓品种的果实样本,通过变异分析、主成分分析、相关性分析与综合评价,对测定的果实纵径、横径、单果重、可溶性固形物含量等11个品质指标进行了研究。结果显示,在11个品质指标中,单果重变异程度最高,变异系数为22.64%,果实横径变异程度最低,变异系数为9.75%。由变异系数大小可知,草莓品种对11个指标影响顺序为单果重>硬度>固酸比>可滴定酸含量>糖酸比>果形指数>维生素C含量>纵径>可溶性固形物含量>可溶性糖含量>横径。不同品种各品质性状间存在显著差异,其中单果重与横径、纵径与果形指数、可溶性固形物含量与可溶性糖含量、糖酸比与固酸比均呈极显著正相关,果形指数与横径、可滴定酸含量与糖酸比、可滴定酸含量与固酸比均呈极显著负相关。从11个品质性状中提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率达到87.425%,能综合反映草莓品质性状的大部分信息。主成分分析与相关性分析相结合,筛选出固酸比、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、单果重和果形指数5个草莓品质评价核心指标。排名前6位的品种依次为香野、章姬、香蕉、红颜、天使8号、黑珍珠。

云浮市象窝山野生茶树种质资源调查与分析

对30份云浮新兴象窝山野生茶树种质资源开展调查,从主要农艺性状、品质成分及适制性状况进行评价,旨在挖掘象窝山野生茶树种质资源,为当地茶树新品种选育和优化改良提供实践基础。结果表明,象窝山茶树资源17个主要生化指标的变异系数为9.01%~36.94%,其中变异系数最大为可可碱、最小为水浸出物,说明茶树资源的丰富性非常高。理化5项指标中变异系数最大为可溶性糖(20.28%),最小为水浸出物(9.01%)。酚氨比在5.25~6.92之间,变异系数为13.69%。感官审评结果表明,云南大叶和水仙群体春季红茶外形整体乌润、紧结、多毫,香气鲜尚高,滋味浓厚回甘,均分为92.11;部分同样原料制成的夏季绿茶,外形多为黄绿、紧结、白毫较多、匀整,汤色黄绿明亮,香气栗香鲜尚高,滋味浓厚甘爽,均分为88.78。云南大叶群体中CXY14、CXY15、CXY17较其他单株制成的红茶品质更好,新兴小叶中CXX4、云南大叶中CXY12制作绿茶的品质好于其他单株资源,CXY4则是红绿茶兼制的一个综合性茶树资源,以上资源有望发展成新兴地区优良的茶树品种。

基于小样本数据的储层渗透率预测方法

针对Timur/Coates和SDR公式计算储层渗透率处理步骤繁琐的缺点,设计了一个实现非线性回归的单隐层前馈神经网络(single hidden layer feedforward neural network,SLFNN),该网络包含一个具有非线性激活函数的隐含层、两个线性全连接层和一个dropout层。为了防止学习过程中陷于局部最优和小样本数据集造成的过拟合,使用了Adam优化器、ReLU激活函数、何恺明均匀分布权重初始化方法和余弦退火热重启学习率调整算法。以某油田A~D四口生产井不同层位上的测井和岩心构成的小样本数据作为训练集和验证集,采用5折交叉验证方法,确定了隐含层神经元个数、初始学习率和dropout层神经元失活概率。最后以同区块E井数据作为测试集,使用4种模型(SLFNN、随机森林回归、支持向量回归和极端梯度提升回归)分别对渗透率进行了预测和对比。实验结果表明,在测试集下SLFNN模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)和决定系数(R 2)均比其他3种模型的优,说明SLFNN模型对储层渗透率的预测是有效的。

基于PROMETHEE-Ⅱ的电网科技项目后评估评价方法研究

为满足双碳背景下电网精准投资的迫切需求,面对目前电网科技项目数量的急剧增加,迫切需要构建一个后评价指标体系,以低碳绿色发展、运营效率和经济效益为特点,以便评估电网发展规模和速度、结构和安全性以及效率和效益,进而带动科技项目成果转化率的提高,加快科研项目向市场的推广进程。从组织管理、技术水平、成果应用以及影响力4个方面构建电网科技项目后评估的评价指标体系,应用三角模糊数和变异系数法结合的组合赋权法确定各评价指标的权重,基于PROMETHEE-Ⅱ方法对电网科技项目进行后评估,确定最终的评价结果。以实际案例分析,验证该模型具有可行性。

基于深度神经网络的多聚焦红外图像非线性增强

当红外图像中含有多个聚焦目标主体时,会导致红外图像质量下降,部分区域出现模糊,因此,提出基于深度神经网络的多聚焦红外图像非线性增强方法。在引导滤波的作用下,从红外图像中获取细节层图像和背景层图像,在细节层图像中建立局部清晰度评价函数,得到清晰的细节层和背景层并融合二者。利用构建的深度神经网络结构,建立非线性增益函数,通过设定阈值和调整子带系数,实现对多聚焦红外图像的非线性增强。测试结果表明,所提方法在增强图像过程中,并没有改变原始图像的亮度和纹理波动;增强后的图像信息熵比原图像提高了57%左右,图像抗噪性能值更高,平均为7.4 dB,图像更清晰,SSIM值更趋近于1,平均为0.98,增强后的图片与原图片图像相似度更高,更接近于真实图像。

基于熵值法和功效系数法的林业企业财务风险预警机制——以福建省永安林业(集团)股份有限公司为例

林业是关系到国计民生的重要支柱产业,承担着促进国民经济发展、改善生态环境、提高民生福祉的多重使命。在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的背景下,林业正在积极进行产业结构化调整,建构循环经济的现代林业产业体系。林业企业在做出战略选择时,应当时刻关注自身的财务状况。文中以2015—2022年永安年报数据为基础,运用熵值法从21个财务指标中筛选出7个最能反映永安林业财务状况的指标,并赋予指标权重,最后运用功效系数法进行绩效评价及风险预警;在此基础上,提出林业企业防范财务风险的相关建议:1)积极寻求政策扶持;2)健全风险评估体系;3)做好产业转型的准备;4)优化资本结构;5)加强技术投资。

大学生数学能力评价--以北京科技大学为例

大学生的数学能力是高校合理评价学生的一个重要方面,从绝对分数、相对分数、正态化分数三个角度计算课程的标准分,并采用熵权法确定其权重,再在学分的基础上使用变异系数法,构建了大学生数学能力评价体系.最后将此体系应用于评价北京科技大学2016级2636名学生的数学能力,并分析其它课程加分、数学竞赛获奖等因素对大学生数学能力评价的影响机理.