Tribological Testing of Hemispherical Titanium Pin Lubricated by Novel Palm Oil:Evaluating Anti-Wear and Anti-Friction Properties

In this study, the properties of hip implant material and lubricants were examined using a pin on disc apparatus, to compare the effect of metal-on-metal （MoM） contact with a bio-lubricant derived from palm oil. The behaviour of the lubricants was observed during the experiments, in which a hemispherical pin was loaded against a rotating disc with a groove. A titanium alloy was used to modify the hemispherical pin and disc. Before and after the experiments, the weight and surface roughness were analysed, to detect any degradation. The results were compared according to the different kinematic viscosities. The wear rates and level of friction with each lubricant were also examined. The lubricant with the highest vis- cosity had the lowest frictional value. Therefore, develop- ing suitable lubricants has the potential to prolong the lifespan of prostheses or implants used in biomedical applications. The experiments collectively show that lubricants derived from palm oil could be used as efficient bio-lubricants in the future.

Surface Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles-an Effective Anti-wear and Anti-friction Additive for Lubricating Grease

The surface modified TiO_2 nanoparticles were prepared by using 12-hydroxystearic acid chemically modified on the TiO_2 surface. The average size of the TiO_2 particles is about 30 nm. The optimum ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to 12-hydroxystearic acid was 1/0.5. The bonding form between 12-hydroxystearic acid and TiO_2 nucleus was investigated by FTIR, DSC, TGA and XRD techniques. The lubricating grease containing the surface modified TiO_2 nanoparticles possesses excellent anti-wear and anti-friction properties. Compared with the grease without TiO_2, the PB value can be increased by 52% as the best performance of the grease containing surface modified TiO_2 nanoparticles, while the friction coefficient can be reduced by 33% with the addition of a small amount of TiO_2 nanoparticles, and meanwhile the wear scar diameter decreases by 25%.

内燃机活塞环材料及表面处理技术研究现状与发展趋势

活塞环是内燃机中重要的零部件之一,该部件的摩擦损耗占内燃机总摩擦损失的26%。因此,活塞环材料的选用及其表面处理研究对于优化提升内燃机性能、延长服役寿命具有重要意义。简单介绍并总结了内燃机活塞环常用材料及其发展趋势,详细综述了激光表面织构技术、表面涂层技术以及表面复合技术在内燃机活塞环减摩抗磨方面的研究和应用现状。其中,激光表面织构技术(LST)可起到接纳磨屑、保持油膜等作用,从而降低活塞环表面摩擦和磨损,但由于织构形貌和几何参数特征对摩擦学性能的影响较为复杂,仍需结合实际工况进一步研究并优化。以镀铬、热喷涂、气相沉积及激光熔覆为代表的涂层技术也常用于活塞环的表面强化处理,但涂层材料种类繁多,难以形成统一的行业标准进而规模应用。此外,通过合理复合多种表面处理技术,比如微弧氧化与电泳沉积复合、超声滚压与离子渗氮技术复合、磁控溅射和低温离子渗硫复合等,可实现优势互补、发挥协同作用,有效改善接触表面的摩擦性能,为活塞环的减摩增寿研究开拓了新的思路。最后对未来活塞环材料开发应用及其减摩抗磨方面的研究发展进行了展望。

橡胶减摩抗磨改性研究进展

橡胶因具有优异的理化性质及独特的力学性能而广泛应用于国防、航空航天、医用、交通、建筑及机械电子等领域,起到减震、缓冲和密封等作用.摩擦学性能是橡胶材料的重要指标之一,然而橡胶自身具有较高的摩擦系数,在一些应用领域,如活塞杆、阀轴(杆)密封、轮胎和水润滑轴承等,因黏连、摩擦生热、机械磨损及磨粒磨损等原因导致性能下降甚至失效.本文中首先综述了橡胶摩擦及磨损理论,随后从橡胶基体改性、橡胶表面处理以及表面织构化3个方面介绍了橡胶减摩抗磨改性方法的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望.

石墨烯对聚脲脂高温流变和摩擦学性能的影响

目的保证轴承体系的安全性和可靠性,研究轴承润滑脂在不同工作温度下的摩擦学性能和流变学性能。方法用机械剥离法制备的石墨烯作为聚脲脂的润滑添加剂,通过四球摩擦试验机、旋转流变仪,研究石墨烯在不同工作温度下对聚脲润滑脂流变行为和摩擦学性能的影响,并通过三维轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对磨斑形貌和结构进行分析。结果添加石墨烯润滑添加剂使聚脲润滑脂的高温硬化现象明显改善,同时提高了聚脲润滑脂的结构稳定性和抗剪切能力。工作温度为75、150℃时,与空白聚脲润滑脂相比,含1.0%(质量分数)石墨烯的聚脲润滑脂润滑下的轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨斑直径分别降低49%、20%和10%、20%。随着工作温度的升高,含石墨烯的聚脲润滑脂样品在钢滑动表面形成的沉积膜的结构有序化碳的含量稍有下降,但与空白聚脲润滑脂相比,石墨烯-聚脲润滑脂沉积膜的结构有序化碳含量高得多。结论结构有序化碳的形成对提高基础脂的减摩抗磨性能起至关重要的作用,石墨烯润滑添加剂还可以有效改善聚脲润滑脂的高温硬化性能、胶体稳定性以及稠化剂的结构稳定性。

蠕化率对重型柴油机用蠕墨铸铁的磨损损伤机制的研究

采用Rtec-MFT5000型多功能摩擦磨损试验机对几种不同蠕化率的蠕墨铸铁进行了往复滑动摩擦试验,研究了蠕化率对蠕墨铸铁的磨损表面损伤行为和和磨损性能的影响。结果表明,在相同工况条件下,蠕墨铸铁的抗磨损性能随蠕化率的提高呈下降趋势,在载荷30 N的情况下,蠕化率61%的试样的磨损体积为0.049 mm^(3),比蠕化率83%、96%的试样耐磨性分别提高了16.9%、22.2%。在相同载荷下,试样的摩擦系数随着蠕化率的提高而降低。随着载荷的增加,蠕墨铸铁的平均摩擦系数呈下降趋势。在低载荷2 N的情况下,蠕墨铸铁的磨损机制主要为显微切削。随着载荷增加到15 N时,磨损机制为显微切削和黏着磨损的混合形式。当载荷增大到30 N时,蠕墨铸铁的磨损机制为显微切削、黏着磨损和疲劳磨损的混合形式。

润滑油添加剂羟基硅酸镁/二硫化钼含量对镀铬钢球-灰铸铁摩擦副摩擦学行为的影响

[目的]内燃机活塞环服役环境恶劣,需要良好的润滑条件来改善其磨损情况。[方法]在2Cr13钢球上电镀硬铬,分析了硬铬镀层的微观形貌、显微硬度和厚度。以镀铬钢球和灰铸铁作为摩擦副进行摩擦磨损试验,以模拟活塞环的服役环境。研究了添加剂羟基硅酸镁/二硫化钼(MSH/MoS_(2))含量不同的润滑油中镀铬层与灰铸铁之间的摩擦学行为。[结果]镀铬层具有微裂纹,显微硬度高达(1013.7±32.4)HV,平均厚度达(84.2±3.6)μm。润滑油中MSH/MoS_(2)纳米颗粒的质量分数为1.0%时,对镀铬钢球-灰铸铁摩擦副的减摩抗磨效果最显著,相较于采用纯润滑油时,镀铬钢球的平均摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别下降了28.2%和24.2%,灰铸铁的磨损率也下降了23.1%。[结论]润滑油中添加适量MSH/MoS_(2)纳米颗粒对镀铬钢球-灰铸铁摩擦副起到很好的减摩抗磨效果。

Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体对HVOF涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

以化学共沉积Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体为原料,在17-4PH不锈钢基体上制备了超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对涂层组织结构进行表征,分别通过测定涂层的显微硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率,并结合粉体特征及涂层的孔隙结构分析来评价涂层摩擦学性能。实验结果表明,通过化学共沉积包覆喷涂粉体引入固体润滑剂,不仅能保证喷涂粉体的流动性,还能实现较均匀固体润滑剂掺杂,显著降低涂层孔隙率、提高致密化程度,获得低摩擦系数、低磨损率以及提高的涂层硬度和耐磨性。其中,由于WS_(2)与WC硬质合金有更好的成分相容性,WC-Ni-WS_(2)涂层的减摩耐磨性能要优于WC-Ni-MoS_(2)涂层。

两种硫代磷酸酯型极压抗磨剂对自动传动液抗颤性的影响

目的 探究2种硫代磷酸酯型商品化极压抗磨剂三苯基硫代磷酸酯衍生物(AW-1)和酸性硫代磷酸酯(AW-2)对自动传动液抗颤性能的影响。方法 参考JASOM349,采用能够高度模拟汽车离合器片工况的德国盘–盘型摩擦试验机(WAZAU)对含有上述2种硫代磷酸酯型极压抗磨剂的自动传动液的抗颤性进行对比测试,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对摩擦表面的形貌和元素进行深入分析。结果 虽然AW-1、AW-2是润滑油中常用的硫代磷酸酯型极压抗磨剂,但二者的分子结构存在差异,在摩擦副表面形成摩擦反应膜的形式也不尽相同。各含量AW-1形成的反应膜中均含有硫、磷、钙等元素,且随着油品中AW-1含量的增加,各元素的含量会发生不同程度的变化。低含量AW-2形成的反应膜中含有硫、磷、钙等元素,但高含量AW-2形成的反应膜基本不含硫、磷、钙元素。结论 通过扫描电子显微镜和EDS能谱对摩擦后的钢盘进行了分析,结果显示,AW-1和AW-2硫代磷酸酯型极压抗磨剂在摩擦副表面形成摩擦反应膜的机理不同。AW-1分子中的硫元素在摩擦副表面生成了S-Fe膜,磷元素与清净剂中的钙元素生成了抗颤性优良的Ca-P膜,因此含有AW-1的ATF的抗颤性优异。AW-2中的羧基与钢盘表面的铁元素发生反应,生成了硫代磷酸酯铁盐,并沉积在金属表面,这在一定程度上抑制了S-Fe反应膜和Ca-P反应膜的生成,因此相应油品的抗颤性能不佳。

Enhanced Anti-Wear Property of Low Viscosity Engine Oil for Sequence IVB Engine Test Meeting the GF-6 Specification

The purpose of this research is to determine the anti-wear capability of new advanced low viscosity engine oil to meet the Sequence IVB requirement of ILSAC GF-6 specification, which envisages that the first certification will be realized in 2020. The anti-wear performance of the aged candidate GF-6 engine oils was evaluated using the laboratory bench test rigs such as the Falex Pin & Vee Block test machine and the high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). The worn surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The remarkable anti-wear performance of the developed GF-6 engine oil was also confirmed in the Sequence IVB test. The results indicate that by appropriately selecting and balancing the calcium detergent additives the wear loss of cam and tappet determined in the Sequence IVB test at low temperature could be significantly reduced. The time for occurrence of the intersection of the base and acid values corresponds well with the increase of wear of cam tappet of the IVB engine test.

Friction-reducing,Anti-wear and Self-repairing Properties of Sulfonated Graphene

The friction reducing properties of sulfonated graphene as a lubricating additive were investigated using a four-ball machine tester with high carbon chromium bearing steels GCr15（SAE52100） friction pairs. The microscopic morphology, elemental composition, and self-repairing properties were observed and analyzed by using scanning electronic microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and digital microscopy. The relationships among sulfonated graphene ethanol solution concentration, friction coefficient, and abrasion loss were revealed. It was found that the optimal concentration of ethanol solution with the addition of sulfonated graphene was 0.15g/m L and the coefficient of friction was only 0.105 under certain condition. Then the stable chemical properties and good anti-corrosion properties of the metal-graphene layer were further confirmed using salt spray corrosion test. In summary, sulfonated graphene can be used as a new kind of self repairing additive, and it has excellent wear-resistant and self-repairing performances.

The Lubricating Effectiveness of S-Mo Extreme Pressure Additive and Its Anti-wear Mechanism

A kind of novel compound containing S and Mo elements was synthesized. Its chemical structure was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 3MR. hs anti-wear property and the load-carrying capacity, as an extreme pressure （EP） additive of lubricating oil, were investigated using a four-bull tester. The experimentul results show that the additive exhibits a superior anti-wear property and a high load-carrying capacity . The presence of other additives does not interfere with the anti-wear prnperty of the extreme pressure additive. The influences of load and temperature on the propert） of the additive were examined. The possible mechanism uas investigated by means of sufface analysis of the tested steel ball specimen , using XPS. The lubricatian films formed on the rubbing surface are mainly composed of MoS2, MoO3 and MoO2.

活塞-缸套系统表面织构设计与发展分析

表面织构技术作为一种有效的减摩抗磨方法已被广泛应用于改善活塞-缸套系统摩擦副的摩擦学性能研究中,但活塞-缸套系统表面织构的摩擦机理研究以及织构设计体系仍不够完善。因此,为了更好地拓宽表面织构技术在此领域的广泛应用,系统地总结了表面织构的研究目的和发展现状,从表面织构的摩擦机理及其产生原因展开讨论,之后从表面织构形貌和方向(凹坑织构、沟槽织构)、织构几何参数(深度、直径、纵横比、面密度和角度)、分布位置(活塞环、缸套)、分布形式(全织构分布、部分织构分布)等方面进行了分类综述,阐述了目前研究较少的复合织构和复合改性的相关研究进展情况,最后结合现有研究和未来需求,对表面织构应用于活塞-缸套系统摩擦副亟待解决的问题和今后发展趋势进行了总结和展望。

两种油溶性离子液体与进口添加剂的摩擦学性能对比

目的对比研究合成的油溶性离子液体(IL)N/P、P/P与传统极压抗磨添加剂IR 349、IR 353和FM 3606对85W/90 GL-5齿轮油摩擦学性能的影响。方法以IL和传统极压抗磨剂为添加剂,加剂量为1%,在85W/90基础上制备5种润滑剂,空白样85W/90作为对照,通过同步热分析仪测试其热分解温度,采用点面往复摩擦形式在SRV-Ⅳ摩擦机上对其减摩抗磨性能进行研究,采用四球摩擦机测试其极压承载能力。通过环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、三维轮廓扫描仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对各润滑剂润滑后对应的磨斑进行微观形貌表征并对其元素组成进行分析。结果IL的加入在很大程度上提高了85W/90的热分解温度。在50℃条件下,含有IL添加剂的齿轮油表现出更为优异的减摩抗磨性能,在150℃条件下,含IL添加剂的齿轮油与含传统极压抗磨剂的齿轮油抗磨性能相当,而前者减摩性能更为优异。极压承载能力测试表明,所合成的IL在一定程度上改善了85W/90的油膜强度。根据XPS分析结果推测,IL添加剂在外界应力(热应力、机械应力)下分解后,与金属表面反应并生成具有良好润滑效果的边界薄膜。结论2种油溶性IL可明显改善齿轮油的摩擦学性能,可部分替代一系列进口添加剂,为后续进一步发展绿色、高性能润滑添加剂提供了一定思路,但IL的润滑机制仍值得深入探讨。

激光加工参数对液压摩擦副材料织构加工的影响规律研究

液压元件关键摩擦副中的摩擦磨损是液压元件失效的重要原因,当前的研究应用中,织构作为减摩抗磨的手段正在受到广泛的关注与应用。液压元件由于材料处于更严苛的工作条件,其织构的加工成为难点。通过对激光加工织构的方法,分析不同激光参数对液压摩擦副中常见的铜材料加工成形的影响,借助超景深显微镜对成形参数进行测量,为液压元件摩擦副材料的织构加工提供理论指导。

In-situ formation of nitrogen doped microporous carbon nanospheres derived from polystyrene as lubricant additives for anti-wear and friction reduction

This study presents a nitrogen-doped microporous carbon nanospheres(N@MCNs)prepared by a facile polymerization–carbonization process using low-cost styrene.The N element in situ introduces polystyrene(PS)nanospheres via emulsion polymerization of styrene with cyanuric chloride as crosslinking agent,and then carbonization obtains N@MCNs.The as-prepared carbon nanospheres possess the complete spherical structure and adjustable nitrogen amount by controlling the relative proportion of tetrachloromethane and cyanuric chloride.The friction performance of N@MCNs as lubricating oil additives was surveyed utilizing the friction experiment of ball-disc structure.The results showed that N@MCNs exhibit superb reduction performance of friction and wear.When the addition of N@MCNs was 0.06 wt%,the friction coefficient of PAO-10 decreased from 0.188 to 0.105,and the wear volume reduced by 94.4%.The width and depth of wear marks of N@MCNs decreased by 49.2% and 94.5%,respectively.The carrying capacity of load was rocketed from 100 to 400 N concurrently.Through the analysis of the lubrication mechanism,the result manifested that the prepared N@MCNs enter clearance of the friction pair,transform the sliding friction into the mixed friction of sliding and rolling,and repair the contact surface through the repair effect.Furthermore,the tribochemical reaction between nanoparticles and friction pairs forms a protective film containing nitride and metal oxides,which can avert direct contact with the matrix and improve the tribological properties.This experiment showed that nitrogen-doped polystyrene-based carbon nanospheres prepared by in-situ doping are the promising materials for wear resistance and reducing friction.This preparing method can be ulteriorly expanded to multi-element co-permeable materials.Nitrogen and boron co-doped carbon nanospheres(B,N@MCNs)were prepared by mixed carbonization of N-enriched PS and boric acid,and exhibited high load carrying capacity and good tribological properties.

空间摩擦学及其材料的研究进展

综述了空间苛刻服役环境及其对空间摩擦学材料性能影响的研究,深入分析了空间环境对空间摩擦材料、空间耐磨材料和空间减摩材料摩擦磨损机理的影响。空间摩擦材料主要应用于空间对接机构及空间机械臂中,应具有稳定的摩擦力矩与优良的抗黏着磨损性能。空间耐磨材料主要应用于空间轴承、齿轮和密封件等部件中,如FeAl金属间化合物在高温下抗蠕变性急剧下降,常通过添加金属元素(Ce,Cr,Mn,Mo,Nb,W等)及固体润滑剂提高材料抗蠕变性能;Ti及其合金常通过表面改性改善黏着性;与基体结合性良好的耐磨涂层可以较大程度的改善材料的耐磨性。空间减摩材料主要指润滑剂与自润滑材料,如软金属Pb、高分子材料PI和PTFE等,以及某些金属的氧化物,氟化物和硫化物等,能较好地降低材料表面的摩擦因数。随着航天科技的发展,亟须开发新型高性能空间摩擦学材料,建立摩擦学材料数据库,以应对国际航天技术发展的挑战。

(W,Ti)C/石墨/镍基合金复合涂层摩擦磨损性能研究

为了获得既具有自润滑减摩特性又有高耐磨性能的金属摩擦构件表面,提高高接触应力下金属摩擦副的使用寿命和可靠性,运用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备了(W,Ti)C/石墨/镍基合金复合涂层。研究了室温干摩擦条件下复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能,并用SEM和EDX对磨损表面进行了测试分析。结果表明:复合涂层与Si3N4和GCr15对摩时,摩擦系数分别较纯镍基合金涂层降低了35%和38%,耐磨性分别是后者的3倍和3.5倍;与Si3N4对摩时,复合涂层的磨损机理主要是微观切削、疲劳剥落和硬质相脱落。与GCr15对摩时,其磨损机理主要为粘着磨损、多次塑变磨损和层脱剥离。

微纳米层状硅酸盐矿物润滑材料的摩擦学性能研究

对微纳米层状硅酸盐矿物粉的摩擦学性能进行了研究。将微纳米层状硅酸盐矿物质量比为0.5%分散在汽油机润滑油SJ10W/40中,利用摩擦磨损实验机考察其减摩抗磨及自修复性能,与润滑油SJ10W/40进行对比。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析试样磨痕表面的形貌和元素组成,并进行了EDS能谱分析。试验结果表明:与润滑油SJ10W/40相比,含层状硅酸盐矿物油样润滑的摩擦副,摩擦因数降低了71.6%。SEM分析表明磨痕处有着与基体材料不同的修复区域,该修复区域沉积着Si、Mg等元素。这些说明微纳米层状硅酸盐矿物润滑材料具有优良的减摩抗磨和自修复性能。

烃基的结构对有机钼化合物极压抗磨性能的影响

报道了烃基对含S、Mo有机化合物和含S、P、Mo有机化合物的油溶性 ,热稳定性以及极压抗磨性能的影响。研究表明 ,随着烃基中碳原子数的增加 ,两类有机化合物的热稳定性增加 ,极压抗磨性能下降。含S、P、Mo有机化合物的油溶性不随烃基的变化而变化 ,而含S、Mo有机化合物的油溶性随着烃基中碳原子数的减小而下降 ,两类化合物的临界负荷还与烃基中碳原子的连接方式有关。