The Positive Effects of Physical Exercise on Mental Health Among Chinese Students Under Great Competitive Pressure

Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this paper,we focus on acknowledging the purpose of physical exercise,and how physical exercise affects the mental health of students under stressful circumstances but not in the context of leisure.Questionnaire was distributed to participants with an average age of 20,to investigate their preference,frequency,and reason for exercising,and their attitude towards it.Our results showed that participants think that exercise can strengthen the body,relieve stress,improve fitness and interpersonal relationship regardless of their purpose such as interests,emotional necessity and even out of non-subjective ideas.In conclusion,physical exercise helped to improve students’mental health especially under great pressure and ultimately,it will enhance their academics and bring about the unity of mind and body.

Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health

Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.

Effects of exercise training on diastolic and systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a complex syndrome characterized by a progressive reduction of the left ventricular(LV)contractility,low exercise tolerance,and increased mortality and morbidity.Diastolic dysfunction(DD)of the LV,is a keystone in the pathophysiology of CHF and plays a major role in the progression of most cardiac diseases.Also,it is well estimated that exercise training induces several beneficial effects on patients with CHF.AIM To evaluate the impact of a cardiac rehabilitation program on the DD and LV ejection fraction(EF)in patients with CHF.METHODS Thirty-two stable patients with CHF(age:56±10 years,EF:32%±8%,88%men)participated in an exercise rehabilitation program.They were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise(AER)or combined aerobic and strength training(COM),based on age and peak oxygen uptake,as stratified randomization criteria.Before and after the program,they underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET)and serial echocardiography evaluation to evaluate peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),peak workload(Wpeak),DD grade,right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),and EF.RESULTS The whole cohort improved VO2peak,and Wpeak,as well as DD grade(P<0.05).Overall,9 patients(28.1%)improved DD grade,while 23(71.9%)remained at the same DD grade;this was a significant difference,considering DD grade at baseline(P<0.05).In addition,the whole cohort improved RVSP and EF(P<0.05).Not any between-group differences were observed in the variables assessed(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Exercise rehabilitation improves indices of diastolic and systolic dysfunction.Exercise protocol was not observed to affect outcomes.These results need to be further investigated in larger samples.

Clinical effect of Rehabmtation Treating combined with Intra-Articular Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate for Exercise induced knee osteoarthritis

Objective: To study the clinical effect of rehabmtation treating combined with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate for exercise induced knee osteoarthritis, and to research the function, biomechanics of knee joint, and inflammatory factor in articular cavity. Method:Selecting 120 patients with exercise induced knee osteoarthritis, then they were randomly divided into control group (n=60) and intervene group (n=60). The patients in the control group were given conventional rehabmtation treating, and the intervene group were given intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate on this basic, they were treated 4 weeks. Evaluating the function of knee joint;conduct isokinetic muscle strength test (determination of the angIllar velocity were 60°/S, 180°/S);test the ratio of muscle peak torque and four muscles centripetal centripetal peak torque and peak torque, work load of femoral knee joints after (simultaneous determination of the angular velocity were 60°/S);detect the inflammatory factor in the joint fluid. Results: After the treatment, clinical effect in intervene group was superior to that in control group,but had no statistical significance;after the treatment, the score of function of knee joint in the two groups were higher than before treatment, and had statistical significance, and the score of function of knee joint in the intervene group were higher than control group, and the difference had statistical significance;Angular velocity of 60°/S and 180°/S the two groups peak torque, work load and the H/Q values were significantly increased, the intervene group were higher than control group, and the difference had statistical significance;inflammatory factor in the two groups were significantly decreased, the intervene group were lower than control group, and the difference had statistical significance.Conclusions: On the basic of rehabmtation treating, the treatment of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate can improve the function of knee joint through improving the knee muscle strength, the level of their participation in the activities of the biomechanics of knee joint, and the inflammatory factor in the joint fluid.

Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia

BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder.It disrupts the patient’s life and work,increases the risk of various health issues,and often requires long-term intervention.The financial burden and inconvenience of treatments discourage patients from complying with them,leading to chronic insomnia.AIM To investigate the long-term home-practice effects of mindful breathing combined with a sleep-inducing exercise as adjunctive insomnia therapy.METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used in the present work,in which the patients with insomnia were included and grouped based on hospital admission:40 patients admitted between January and April 2020 were assigned to the control group,and 40 patients admitted between May and August 2020 were assigned to the treatment group.The control group received routine pharmacological and physical therapies,while the treatment group received instruction in mindful breathing and a sleep-inducing exercise in addition to the routine therapies.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item(GAD-7)scale,and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)were utilized to assess sleepquality improvement in the patient groups before the intervention and at 1 wk,1 mo,and 3 mo postintervention.RESULTS The PSQI,GAD-7,and ISI scores before the intervention and at 1 wk postintervention were not significantly different between the groups.However,compared with the control group,the treatment group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality,daytime functioning,negative emotions,sleep latency,sleep duration,sleep efficiency,anxiety level,and insomnia severity at 1 and 3 mo postintervention(P<0.05).The results showed that mindful breathing combined with the sleep-inducing exercise significantly improved the long-term effectiveness of insomnia treatment.At 3 mo,the PSQI scores for the treatment vs the control group were as follows:Sleep quality 0.98±0.48 vs 1.60±0.63,sleep latency 1.98±0.53 vs 2.80±0.41,sleep duration 1.53±0.60 vs 2.70±0.56,sleep efficiency 2.35±0.58 vs 1.63±0.49,sleep disturbance 1.68±0.53 vs 2.35±0.53,hypnotic medication 0.53±0.64 vs 0.93±0.80,and daytime dysfunction 1.43±0.50 vs 2.48±0.51(all P<0.05).The GAD-7 scores were 2.75±1.50 vs 7.15±2.28,and the ISI scores were 8.68±2.26 vs 3.38±1.76 for the treatment vs the control group,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION These simple,cost-effective,and easy-to-implement practices used in clinical or home settings could have profound significance for long-term insomnia treatment and merit wide adoption in clinical practice.

The Effect of a Chocolate Bar Supplementation on Moderate Exercise Recovery of Recreational Runners

To study the effects of a chocolate bar supplementation before exercise on improving recovery of physiological and metabolic changes induced by exercise, 16 male students aged 18-20 years voluntarily served as subjects. A crossover design was employed. Each subject took part in two trials and ran an hour on a treadmill with the intensity of keeping heart rate at 148-150 min for each trial. Results showed that plasma glucose levels of subjects increased significantly (5.42±0.83 mmol/L) at 15 min after ingestion of a chocolate bar and maintained in moderate high levels (4.92 ±0.57 mmol/L) until 30 min after an hour's running while the glucose levels were low and dropped to under normal ranges (3.84 ± 0.31 mmol/L) at 30 min after exercise as they were with a supplement of placebo. Results of plasma FFA, blood lactate and plasma urea nitrogen levels and RPE all indicated that chocolate bar supplementation before exercise benefits to create the necessary prerequisite for exercise and recovery

Group dynamics motivation to increase exercise intensity with a virtual partner

Background: The effect of the K?hler group dynamics paradigm(i.e., working together with a more capable partner where one's performance is indispensable to the team outcome) has been shown to increase motivation to exercise longer at a strength task in partnered exercise video games (exergames) using a software-generated partner(SGP). However, the effect on exercise intensity with an SGP has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivation to maintain or increase exercise intensity among healthy, physically active middle-aged adults using an SGP in an aerobic exergame.Methods: Participants(n = 85, mean age = 44.9 years) exercised with an SGP in a 6-day cycle ergometer protocol, randomly assigned to either(a)no partner control,(b) superior SGP who was not a teammate, or(c) superior SGP as a teammate(team score was dependent on the inferior member). The protocol alternated between 30-min continuous and 4-min interval lhigh-intensity session days, during which participants could change cycle power output(watts) from target intensity to alter distance and speed.Results: Mean change in watts from a targeted intensity(75% and 90% maximum heart rate) was the primary dependent variable reflecting motivational effort. Increases in performance over baseline were demonstrated without significant differences between conditions. Self-efficacy and enjoyment were significantly related to effort in the more intense interval sessions.Conclusion: Under these conditions, no K?hler effect was observed. Exercise performance during the higher-intensity interval format is more closely related to enloyment and self-efficacy beliefs compared to the continuous sessions.

Application of Functional Exercise Nursing Plan Based on Evidence-based Nursing After Hip Replacement

Objective:To explore the effect of functional exercise nursing plan based on evidence-based nursing in patients after hip replacement.Methods:A total of 150 patients who underwent hip replacement in the orthopedic second ward of our hospital during the research period from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected as the research object.The random number expression method was applied to achieve grouping of patients.Among them,the control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment;the experimental group guided rehabilitation exercises according to the functional exercise nursing plan after hip replacement,and the rehabilitation conditions of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the patients in the control group,the bed time(7.45±2.10)days and average hospital stay(15.84±3.29)of the experimental group were relatively shorter.The incidence of complications in the experimental group and the control group was 6.67%and 16.00%,which are significantly different.The difference in Harris hip score before surgery was small,and the difference when discharge and after discharge was gradually increased,showing a better care effect in the experimental group.There was no significant difference in preoperative quality of life scores between the two groups before surgery(P>0.05).The life quality of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at discharge,1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge,and showed most significantly after 3 months.Conclusion:The effect of functional exercise nursing plan based on evidence-based nursing in patients after hip replacement is remarkable,which can promote the recovery of patients,improve the quality of life,reduce the hospitalization time,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,and has a positive significance in promoting clinical development in China.

Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Osthole

Osthole has various pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer,anti-inflammation,prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neuroprotection.This paper reviews the advances in the research of the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of osthole,in order to provide new ideas for further research and clinical application of osthole.

Use of the varying coefficient model in an exercise and depression meta-analysis

AIM: Use a recently developed varying coefficient model to determine the effects of exercise in adults with depression.METHODS: Data from a recent meta-analysis addressing the effects of exercise on depression in adults were used. Studies were limited to randomized controlled intervention trials of any type of chronic exercise(for example, walking and jogging) in adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of depression. For each study, the standardized mean difference(exercise minus control) effect size for depression, adjusted for small-sample bias, was calculated. Variance statistics for each effect size and pooling of results were calculated using the recently proposed varying coefficient(VC) model for standardized mean differences. Standardized effect-sizes of 0.20, 0.50 and 0.80 were considered to represent small, medium and large effects. Results were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not cross 0, with negative results indicative of reductions in depression.These findings were then compared with results using traditional random-effects(RE) models.RESULTS: A total of 23 studies representing 907 men and women(476 exercise, 431 control) were pooled for analysis. Both RE and VC models resulted in large, statistically significant improvements in depression as a result of exercise in adults. However, the VC model resulted in a larger overall effect size as well as confidence intervals that were narrower than previously reported using the RE model. The overall mean effect size for the RE model was-0.82 with a 95% confidence interval of-1.12 to-0.51. For the VC model, overall mean effect size was-0.88 with a 95% confidence interval of-1.08 to-0.68. The relative difference between the RE and VC approaches was 7.3%.CONCLUSION: The VC model, a potentially preferable model, confirms the positive effects of exercise on depression in adults.

体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的影响——基于CGSS(2010—2021)混合截面数据的分析

该研究基于2010—2021年7次中国综合社会调查(CGSS)中60~85岁老年人的混合截面数据,运用Ologit回归、工具变量法、KHB模型和交互项调节效应检验等方法对体育锻炼参与影响老年人阶层认同的机制及变化进行了研究。研究得出:(1)总体来看,参与体育锻炼的老年人占比约为37.37%,其中,2010~2013年老年人体育锻炼参与人数比例不高、但较为稳定;2014年开始,老年人体育锻炼参与人数比例逐渐增加。此外,随着社会变迁,阶层认同处于中上层及上层的老年人占比也在逐渐增加。(2)体育锻炼参与对老年人的阶层认同具有显著促进作用。(3)体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的影响能够通过改善身体健康、心理健康和社会交往等中介作用来提升其阶层认同。(4)教育程度、房产起到了显著的调节作用。体育锻炼参与显著提升了低教育水平老年人的阶层认同,但这种提升作用随着时间的变迁在逐渐变小;拥有房产也可有效增强体育锻炼参与对老年人阶层认同的正向促进作用,但增强力度随着时间的变迁也在变小。

我国社区居民体育锻炼的同群效应——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

基于中国综合社会调查数据,排除外生效应、相关效应和羊群效应后,对我国社区居民体育锻炼的同群效应及其影响机制进行分析。结果表明:1)我国居民的体育锻炼存在同群效应,社区中经常参与体育锻炼居民的比例越高,个体经常参与体育锻炼的可能性越大;2)老年人、教育程度较低者以及农村居民对同群者的反应更为敏感;3)同群效应主要通过社区公共体育服务的完善、社区居民的交往以及交往过程中熟悉程度的增加发挥作用。提示,相关部门制定体育政策时应充分考虑同群效应的影响及年龄、教育程度和城乡差异,以充分利用同群效应,扩大体育锻炼的“社会乘数”作用,促进全民健身战略的推进落实。

鹿茸肉苁蓉复方缓解运动小鼠疲劳的功效研究

分析鹿茸肉苁蓉复方缓解运动小鼠疲劳的功效与机理,为提高人的运动耐力及缓解疲劳的深入研究提供理论基础。本试验分为四组,每组各10只小鼠。连续30 d对小鼠经口灌胃后测定小鼠的负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮、肝糖原以及红细胞携氧能力。结果表明,三个给药组小鼠的负重游泳时间均有所延长,说明单独使用马鹿茸、肉苁蓉、黄芪、枸杞能延长小鼠的负重游泳时间,具有缓解疲劳的作用。在试验一组配方的基础上增加当归、玫瑰花、丁香可显著缓解小鼠的疲劳,可能与减少血乳酸、血清尿素氮的堆积以及提高红细胞携氧能力有关。

功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案效果的系统评价研究

目的:形成一套应用功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案进行效果评价的系统方案,为从事相应运动干预工作的医师、康复治疗师、数据服务人员及科研工作者提供参考。方法:基于运动功率负荷统一计算理论,结合我国现阶段不同心血管疾病风险人群(包括健康人群、心血管疾病风险人群、患有心血管疾病及其他慢性疾病人群、患有心血管疾病及伴有并发症人群)的特点及现状,制订针对上述人群的以功率负荷参数指导的运动健康干预方案,并通过随访了解干预效果。结果:总结出了一套针对不同心血管风险水平的人群,在运动功率实时监测情况下开展特定场景下的运动健康干预过程中的评价方案。这一方案既包含对接受运动干预的参与者运动后生理、心理和社会方面的获益及潜在损伤方面的评价,也包含配套软硬件在使用体验层面的评价,同时涉及到方案推广中存在的卫生经济学方面的收益与风险。

虾青素通过mTOR-ULK1自噬通路对大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤影响的研究

目的:基于AMPK/mTOR/ULK1通路探究虾青素对大鼠运动性骨骼肌损伤(EIMD)的影响。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C)、运动组(E)、虾青素组(M)、运动+虾青素组(EM)、运动+AICAR(5-氨基-1-核糖基咪唑-4-甲酰胺磷酸盐组)组(EA)、运动+虾青素+AICAR组(EMA)、运动+虾青素+MHY1485组(EMM),每组10只。M、EM、EMA、EMM组灌胃虾青素;C、E组灌胃大豆油;EA、EMA组注射AICAR;EMM组注射MHY1485;E、EM、EA、EMA、EMM组进行力竭运动,其余组安静饲养。运动结束后,采用HE染色观察大鼠比目鱼肌的组织病理变化;ELISA法检测血清MDA、SOD、IL-6、IL-1β、CK和FINS含量;RT-PCR法检测比目鱼肌相关指标的mRNA表达;Western blot法检测比目鱼肌AMPK/mTOR/ULK1自噬通路磷酸化水平及凋亡相关蛋白表达;检测大鼠FBG和LA水平,计算ISI和HOMA-IR;此外,通过中介效应分析探究LA、MDA、IL-6和IL-1β在EIMD及ISI中的作用。结果:E组大鼠血清MDA、IL-6、IL-1β、CK、LA、FBG和FINS含量、HOMA-IR明显高于C组,SOD含量和ISI明显低于C组;大鼠比目鱼肌p-AMPK Thr172、p-mTOR Ser2448、p-ULK1 Ser555和p-ULK1 Ser757蛋白表达、P62基因和蛋白表达均明显高于C组,LC3-II蛋白表达、ILC3-II/LC3-I和BCL2/BAX明显低于C组。虽然,给力竭运动大鼠灌胃虾青素或注射AICAR可逆转上述改变,且与EA和EM组相比,EMA组逆转效果更加明显,但是,给力竭运动大鼠施加虾青素及MHY1485的双重干预则明显阻断了虾青素对EIMD的改善作用。此外,MDA、IL-6和IL-1β在LA导致的EIMD及ISI下降中发挥了部分中介效应。结论:力竭运动可造成EIMD,其发病机制涉及乳酸堆积、氧化应激、炎症反应及细胞凋亡等,此时,胰岛素抵抗增加,肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取与利用减少,这将上调骨骼肌mTOR活性,抑制自噬通量,加剧骨骼肌损伤。而虾青素干预可调控mTOR-ULK1自噬通路以缓解EIMD,且虾青素与AICAR的联合作用对改善EIMD更有益。

传统功法处方对公众免疫干预效果的研究综述

该文通过文献检索的方式,对与中国传统功法相关的运动处方进行综述,论述了中国传统功法处方作为干预手段对免疫系统、特定人群、特定疾病3个方面的干预效果。根据文献显示,目前很多研究已经证明中国传统功法处方对免疫系统的各项指标,如IgG、IgA、IgM、白细胞介素、NK细胞、T淋巴细胞等有着积极干预效果;对于特定人群如老年人、妇女、青少年、残疾人等群体的常见健康问题也有着较好的改善效果;对于国内常见疾病如糖尿病、高血压、呼吸系统疾病以及癌症等疾病在改善症状或调节情绪方面也有着不错的干预效果。

运动自我效能感在糖尿病患者血糖管理积极度与生活质量中的中介效应

目的探讨运动自我效能感在糖尿病患者血糖管理积极度与生活质量中的中介作用。方法选取2020年10月-2022年7月收治于我院的273例糖尿病患者,采用一般资料调查表、积极度量表(PAM)、运动自我效能感量表(ESES)及糖尿病特异性生活质量量表(DSQL)进行问卷调查。结果糖尿病患者PAM总分为(61.61±18.77)分,总体处于第3水平;ESES总分为(6.40±1.96)分,处于中上水平;DSQL总分为(78.45±19.45)分,处于中等水平。Pearson相关分析显示:糖尿病患者血糖管理积极度、运动自我效能感与生活质量两两呈正相关(P<0.01)。中介分析结果显示:运动自我效能感在血糖管理积极度与生活质量间存在部分中介效应,效应量为29.8%。结论糖尿病患者运动自我效能感、血糖管理积极度和生活质量总体处于中等水平,仍需改善,血糖管理积极度可通过运动自我效能感的中介作用对患者生活质量产生影响,提示临床医务人员可通过改善患者血糖管理积极度,从而达到提高患者生活质量的目的。

主观认知下降人群运动干预研究进展

主观认知下降(SCD)是指个体自身感知到的记忆和/或其他认知水平比之前有了降低,但是客观上的检测结果还没有达到轻度认知损害(MCI)的程度。本文对SCD人群的运动干预作用机制、组织形式、运动类型、强度、运动时间、运动频率和运动效果等方面进行综述,分析现状和不足之处,以期为失智症的预防提供参考和建议。

基于罗森塔尔效应的护理联合运动干预对透析患者焦虑及微炎症状态的影响

目的分析透析患者采用基于罗森塔尔效应的护理联合运动干预对改善焦虑及微炎症状态的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2023年6月在我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的102例透析患者,采用随机数字表法将其分成两组,其中对照组实施常规护理,试验组实施基于罗森塔尔效应的护理联合运动干预。对比两组护理前后焦虑状态-特质量表(STAI)评分、自我护理能力量表(ESCA)评分、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)评分、微炎症反应水平、液体摄入量控制改善情况。结果两组干预前液体摄入控制量、微炎症反应水平、ESCA和SPBS评分及STAI评分相比无明显差异(P>0.05);护理6个月后,两组指标均显著改善,且试验组液体摄入控制量、微炎症反应水平、ESCA和SPBS评分及焦虑水平均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论透析患者采用基于罗森塔尔效应的护理联合运动干预对改善患者焦虑及微炎症状态具有积极的影响,有利于降低患者的焦虑和微炎症状态,降低患者的自我感受负担,并提高患者液体摄入量控制效果和自我护理能力。