We herein disclose a series of novel pyrrole derivatives as well as fused pyrrolopyridines 6a,b and 7a,b, pyrrolopyrazoles 8a, b, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 10a-d, 12a,b, 14a,b, 18a,b, 20a,b, 21a,b, 22a,b, 2...We herein disclose a series of novel pyrrole derivatives as well as fused pyrrolopyridines 6a,b and 7a,b, pyrrolopyrazoles 8a, b, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 10a-d, 12a,b, 14a,b, 18a,b, 20a,b, 21a,b, 22a,b, 23a,b, 24a,b, 31a,b, 36a,b, 40a,b, pyrrolo[1,2,6]thiadiazine derivatives 19a,b, pyrrolotriazolopyrimidines 25a,b, 26a,b, 27a,b and 28a,b, pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine derivatives 32a,b and pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine derivatives 39a,b as novel compounds. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic (compared to the reference drug Indomethacin) and antimicrobial activities (compared to the reference drug Ampicillin and Fluconazole). Compounds 4d, 5b-d, 6a,b, 9c,d, 10d, 12ab, 13b, 19a,b, 21b, 23b, 31a,b, 38b and 40a were found to be the most active anti-inflammatory drugs exhibiting potency ranging from 1 - 1.01 compared to the reference drug indomethacin. In addition to docking study of these highly active twenty compounds against the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2), among the tested compounds, compounds 5d, 9d, 11b, 12a, 13b and 32a showed multiple activities;anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-bacterial activities.展开更多
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing and extremely pruritic eczematous disease which commonly affects children. The standard management consists of a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs in adjunctive with skin...Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing and extremely pruritic eczematous disease which commonly affects children. The standard management consists of a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs in adjunctive with skin care management particular moisturizer application. A concern for the side effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids has also been considered. There has been an emerging interest in moisturizer containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as herbal extracts, vitamins, mineral and lipids. The in vitro and the in vivo studies of each agent were reviewed. The clinical study on the efficacy of moisturizers containing these agents were also demonstrated including the author's studies and clinicalexperience. These moisturizers might be considered as an alternative treatment in acute flare of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.展开更多
One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing prom...One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.展开更多
Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical...Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.展开更多
Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strate...Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strategy is to use virtual agents as substitutes for physical entities,balancing interaction efficiency with environmental immersion.However,the impact of virtual agent size and form on interaction performance remains unclear.Methods Two experiments were conducted to explore how virtual agent size and form affect interaction performance,immersion,and preference in MR environments.The first experiment assessed five virtual agent sizes(25%,50%,75%,100%,and 125%of physical size).The second experiment tested four types of frames(no frame,consistent frame,half frame,and surrounding frame)across all agent sizes.Participants,utilizing a head mounted display,performed tasks involving moving cups,typing words,and using a mouse.They completed questionnaires assessing aspects such as the virtual environment effects,interaction effects,collision concerns,and preferences.Results Results from the first experiment revealed that agents matching physical object size produced the best overall performance.The second experiment demonstrated that consistent framing notably enhances interaction accuracy and speed but reduces immersion.To balance efficiency and immersion,frameless agents matching physical object sizes were deemed optimal.Conclusions Virtual agents matching physical entity sizes enhance user experience and interaction performance.Conversely,familiar frames from 2D interfaces detrimentally affect interaction and immersion in virtual spaces.This study provides valuable insights for the future development of MR systems.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effect...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effects of drought stress(MDS)and drought stress with low(MDS-L),medium(MDS-M)and high doses(MDS-H)of the water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,root activity,MDA content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and quality of soybean were studied by field plot test,with the normal water supply serving as the control(CK).[Results]In response to drought stress,the plant height,stem diameter,and yield of soybean exhibited a notable decline.Additionally,the contents of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a significant reduction.Conversely,the root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited a noticeable decline,while the MDA content exhibited an increase.The application of varying doses of the water-retaining agent was found to significantly enhance soybean growth,stimulate root activity,and elevate antioxidant enzyme activity,while concurrently reducing MDA content.The observed effects were found to be dose-dependent,with the greatest effects observed at the highest dose.In comparison to MDS,the yields of soybean in the MDS-L,MDS-M,and MDS-H treatments exhibited a 18.38%,25.58%,and 46.26%increase,respectively.Additionally,the content of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a notable enhancement.[Conclusions]The application of the water-retaining agent has been demonstrated to significantly promote the growth of soybean plants under conditions of drought stress,resulting in an improvement in both the yield and the quality of the soybean crop.The recommended dosage of the water-retaining agent is 3.3 kg/667 m 2.展开更多
Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of ...Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.展开更多
Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and wer...Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and were analyzed through independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation coefficient,and multiple regression analysis using SPSS25.0.Results:The average level of compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents was 3.73±0.33 out of 5 points.Workplace safety culture(β=0.40,P<0.001)and knowledge of safe handling(β=0.18,P=0.030)had significant influences on nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.The explained variance for compliance was 28.3%.Conclusion:To enhance the implementation of safety management for anticancer agents,each institution should strive to support human and material resources and enhance specialization in the workplace safety culture through system improvement.Based on the results of this study,we suggest research for the development of a training program for anticancer agent safety management.展开更多
Cancer stands as one of the major threats to human life.Ensuring the safety of drugs is paramount,and the impact of adverse reactions on patients’quality of life and prognosis should not be underestimated.Diarrhea is...Cancer stands as one of the major threats to human life.Ensuring the safety of drugs is paramount,and the impact of adverse reactions on patients’quality of life and prognosis should not be underestimated.Diarrhea is a common clinical adverse event,and despite the absence of specific anti-diarrhea drugs,there is a pressing need for improvement.This article aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers in clinical drug use and scientific tumor treatment.It summarizes recent advancements in drug mechanisms and adverse reactions,whether in preclinical research or clinical diagnosis and therapy.展开更多
A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifie...A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifier(TPE/WBG-2/CaCO_(3)).The effects of differentβ-nucleating agents and ternary compound modifier on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PPR were analyzed.The results show that,compared with pure PPR materials,both WBG-2 and TMB-5 could significantly improve the impact strength of PPR.The crystallization temperature of PPR increased with the addition ofβ-nucleating agent.The modified PPR prepared with ternary compound modifier showed the most excellent comprehensive properties.展开更多
Inspired from occurrence of anti-inflammatory activity of 3-substituted coumarins and antiulcer activity of various 2-substituted benzimidazoles,novel compounds have been designed by coupling coumarin derivatives at 3...Inspired from occurrence of anti-inflammatory activity of 3-substituted coumarins and antiulcer activity of various 2-substituted benzimidazoles,novel compounds have been designed by coupling coumarin derivatives at 3-position directly or through amide linkage with benzimidazole nucleus at 2-position.The resultant compounds are expected to exhibit both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities along with less gastric toxicity profile.Two series of coumarin–benzimidazole derivatives(4a–e and 5a–e)were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant activity.Compounds 4c,4d and 5a displayed good anti-inflammatory(45.45%,46.75%and 42.85%inhibition,respectively,versus 54.54% inhibition by indomethacin)and antioxidant(IC_(50) of 19.7,13.9 and 1.2 mmol/L,respectively,versus 23.4 mmol/L for butylatedhydroxytoluene)activities.Evaluation of ulcer index and in vivo biochemical estimations for oxidative stress revealed that compounds 4d and 5a remain safe on gastric mucosa and did not induce oxidative stress in tissues.Calculation of various molecular properties suggests the compounds to be sufficiently bioavailable.展开更多
Lappaconitine(LA),a natural compound with a novel C18-diterpenoid alkaloid skeleton,displayed extensive biological profile.Recent research on LA is focused mainly on its anti-tumor and analgesic effects,and therefore ...Lappaconitine(LA),a natural compound with a novel C18-diterpenoid alkaloid skeleton,displayed extensive biological profile.Recent research on LA is focused mainly on its anti-tumor and analgesic effects,and therefore we aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential.A series of novel LA derivatives with various substituents on the 20-N position was designed and synthesized.In the initial screening of LA derivatives against NO production,all the target compounds,except compound E2,exhibited excellent inhibitory ability relative to that of LA.Particularly,compound A4 exhibited the most potent inhibition with IC50 of 12.91 mmol/L.The elementary structureeactivity relationships(SARs)of NO inhibitory activity indicated that replacement of the benzene ring with an electron donating group could improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy.Furthermore,compound A4 shows an anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting NO,PGE2,and TNF-a generation via the suppression of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways.Notably,compound A4 could exert a significant therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in vivo.Based on the above research,we further investigated the preliminary pharmacokinetic property of A4 in rats.Therefore,compound A4 could be a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agents in the future.展开更多
p38α mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) inhibitors provide a novel approach for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.A series of fifteen pyrazolyl urea derivatives(3a-o) were synthesized and evaluated for thei...p38α mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) inhibitors provide a novel approach for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.A series of fifteen pyrazolyl urea derivatives(3a-o) were synthesized and evaluated for their p38α MAPK inhibition and antioxidant potential.Compounds 3a-e,3g and 3h showed low micromolar range potency(IC_(50) values ranging from 0.037 ±1.56 to 0.069± 0.07μmol/L)compared to the standard inhibitor SB 203580(IC_(50) = 0.043 + 3.62μmol/L) when evaluated for p38αMAPK inhibition by an immunosorbent-based assay.Antioxidant activity was measured by a 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical(DPPH) free radical scavenging method and one of the compounds,3c,showed better percentage antioxidant activity(75.06%) compared to butylated hydroxy anisole(71.53%)at 1 mmol/L concentration.Compounds 3a-e,3g and 3h showed promising in vivo anti-inflammatory activity(ranging from 62.25%to 80.93%) in comparison to diclofenac sodium(81.62%).The ulcerogenic liability and lipid peroxidation activity of these compounds were observed to be less in comparison to diclofenac sodium.These compounds also potently inhibited the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced TNF-αrelease in mice(ID_(50) of 3a-c = 19.98,11.32 and 9.67 mg/kg,respectively).Among the screened compounds,derivative 3c was found to be the most potent and its binding mode within the p38α MAPK is also reported.展开更多
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated, pyrimidine analog, antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of several solid organ cancers. Cardiotoxicity is uncommon but life-threatening manifestations such as myoc...5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated, pyrimidine analog, antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of several solid organ cancers. Cardiotoxicity is uncommon but life-threatening manifestations such as myocardial infarction may manifest owing to 5-FU-induced coronary artery spasm. Administering smaller doses of the drug, more frequently than not, decreases the risk of cardiotoxicity compared to large doses or with continuous infusions. We present a case of ST-segment elevation in a patient without known coronary artery disease who had presented following continuous 5-FU infusion. Coronary angiogram confirmed absence of coronary artery disease and intravenous calcium channel blockers administration was commensurate with the patient’s improvement in symptoms. We discuss the literature on 5-FU and its association with coronary artery spasm, and also briefly review chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicities to help better prepare internists and other primary health care providers to face similar challenges, particularly of the uncommon but potentially life-threatening manifestations.展开更多
An efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of naturally occurring prenylated chalcones viz. kanzonol C (1), stipulin (2), crotaorixin (3), medicagenin (4), licoagrochalcone A (5) and abyssino...An efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of naturally occurring prenylated chalcones viz. kanzonol C (1), stipulin (2), crotaorixin (3), medicagenin (4), licoagrochalcone A (5) and abyssinone D (6) along with the pyranochalcones paratocarpin C (7), anthyllisone (8) and 3-O-methylabyssinone A (9). The key step of the synthesis is a Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Subsequently, their anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages. Of the synthesized chalcones, compounds 5 (IC50= 10.41 μmol[L), 6 (IC50= 9.65 μmol/L) and 8 (IC50= 15.34 μmol/L) show remarkable activity with no cytotoxicity. Compound 9 (IC50 = 4.5 μmol/L) exhibits maximum (83.6%) nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, but shows slight cytotoxicity. The results reveal that the chalcones bearing the prenyl group at 3- and/or 5-position on ring A (acetophenone moiety), i.e., 1-4 and 7 show weak, or no inhibition activity, whereas chalcones having the prenyl group only on ring B (aldehyde part), i.e., 5, 6 and 8 show significant activity on the production of inflammatory mediated NO with no cytotoxicity.展开更多
文摘We herein disclose a series of novel pyrrole derivatives as well as fused pyrrolopyridines 6a,b and 7a,b, pyrrolopyrazoles 8a, b, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 10a-d, 12a,b, 14a,b, 18a,b, 20a,b, 21a,b, 22a,b, 23a,b, 24a,b, 31a,b, 36a,b, 40a,b, pyrrolo[1,2,6]thiadiazine derivatives 19a,b, pyrrolotriazolopyrimidines 25a,b, 26a,b, 27a,b and 28a,b, pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine derivatives 32a,b and pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine derivatives 39a,b as novel compounds. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic (compared to the reference drug Indomethacin) and antimicrobial activities (compared to the reference drug Ampicillin and Fluconazole). Compounds 4d, 5b-d, 6a,b, 9c,d, 10d, 12ab, 13b, 19a,b, 21b, 23b, 31a,b, 38b and 40a were found to be the most active anti-inflammatory drugs exhibiting potency ranging from 1 - 1.01 compared to the reference drug indomethacin. In addition to docking study of these highly active twenty compounds against the active site of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2), among the tested compounds, compounds 5d, 9d, 11b, 12a, 13b and 32a showed multiple activities;anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-bacterial activities.
文摘Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing and extremely pruritic eczematous disease which commonly affects children. The standard management consists of a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs in adjunctive with skin care management particular moisturizer application. A concern for the side effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids has also been considered. There has been an emerging interest in moisturizer containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as herbal extracts, vitamins, mineral and lipids. The in vitro and the in vivo studies of each agent were reviewed. The clinical study on the efficacy of moisturizers containing these agents were also demonstrated including the author's studies and clinicalexperience. These moisturizers might be considered as an alternative treatment in acute flare of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.
文摘One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.
文摘Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.
基金the Strategic research and consulting project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-HY-14).
文摘Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strategy is to use virtual agents as substitutes for physical entities,balancing interaction efficiency with environmental immersion.However,the impact of virtual agent size and form on interaction performance remains unclear.Methods Two experiments were conducted to explore how virtual agent size and form affect interaction performance,immersion,and preference in MR environments.The first experiment assessed five virtual agent sizes(25%,50%,75%,100%,and 125%of physical size).The second experiment tested four types of frames(no frame,consistent frame,half frame,and surrounding frame)across all agent sizes.Participants,utilizing a head mounted display,performed tasks involving moving cups,typing words,and using a mouse.They completed questionnaires assessing aspects such as the virtual environment effects,interaction effects,collision concerns,and preferences.Results Results from the first experiment revealed that agents matching physical object size produced the best overall performance.The second experiment demonstrated that consistent framing notably enhances interaction accuracy and speed but reduces immersion.To balance efficiency and immersion,frameless agents matching physical object sizes were deemed optimal.Conclusions Virtual agents matching physical entity sizes enhance user experience and interaction performance.Conversely,familiar frames from 2D interfaces detrimentally affect interaction and immersion in virtual spaces.This study provides valuable insights for the future development of MR systems.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of the Fourth Division Kekedala City(2023GG11).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effects of drought stress(MDS)and drought stress with low(MDS-L),medium(MDS-M)and high doses(MDS-H)of the water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,root activity,MDA content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and quality of soybean were studied by field plot test,with the normal water supply serving as the control(CK).[Results]In response to drought stress,the plant height,stem diameter,and yield of soybean exhibited a notable decline.Additionally,the contents of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a significant reduction.Conversely,the root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited a noticeable decline,while the MDA content exhibited an increase.The application of varying doses of the water-retaining agent was found to significantly enhance soybean growth,stimulate root activity,and elevate antioxidant enzyme activity,while concurrently reducing MDA content.The observed effects were found to be dose-dependent,with the greatest effects observed at the highest dose.In comparison to MDS,the yields of soybean in the MDS-L,MDS-M,and MDS-H treatments exhibited a 18.38%,25.58%,and 46.26%increase,respectively.Additionally,the content of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a notable enhancement.[Conclusions]The application of the water-retaining agent has been demonstrated to significantly promote the growth of soybean plants under conditions of drought stress,resulting in an improvement in both the yield and the quality of the soybean crop.The recommended dosage of the water-retaining agent is 3.3 kg/667 m 2.
文摘Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.
文摘Purpose:This research aimed to identify leading factors that affect nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.Methods:Data were collected from 114 nurses working in the university hospital and were analyzed through independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson’s correlation coefficient,and multiple regression analysis using SPSS25.0.Results:The average level of compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents was 3.73±0.33 out of 5 points.Workplace safety culture(β=0.40,P<0.001)and knowledge of safe handling(β=0.18,P=0.030)had significant influences on nurses’compliance with the safe handling of anticancer agents.The explained variance for compliance was 28.3%.Conclusion:To enhance the implementation of safety management for anticancer agents,each institution should strive to support human and material resources and enhance specialization in the workplace safety culture through system improvement.Based on the results of this study,we suggest research for the development of a training program for anticancer agent safety management.
文摘Cancer stands as one of the major threats to human life.Ensuring the safety of drugs is paramount,and the impact of adverse reactions on patients’quality of life and prognosis should not be underestimated.Diarrhea is a common clinical adverse event,and despite the absence of specific anti-diarrhea drugs,there is a pressing need for improvement.This article aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers in clinical drug use and scientific tumor treatment.It summarizes recent advancements in drug mechanisms and adverse reactions,whether in preclinical research or clinical diagnosis and therapy.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.20180550432)Natural Science Foundation for Young Doctoral Research(No.2020-BS-158)Basic Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKQZ2021060)。
文摘A novel polypropylene random(PPR)composite materials with optimized properties was developed by addingβ-nucleating compound agents(rare earth complex WBG-2 and aryl amide derivative TMB-5)and ternary compound modifier(TPE/WBG-2/CaCO_(3)).The effects of differentβ-nucleating agents and ternary compound modifier on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of PPR were analyzed.The results show that,compared with pure PPR materials,both WBG-2 and TMB-5 could significantly improve the impact strength of PPR.The crystallization temperature of PPR increased with the addition ofβ-nucleating agent.The modified PPR prepared with ternary compound modifier showed the most excellent comprehensive properties.
基金The authors are also thankful to the AICTE,New Delhi(India)for providing fellowship to two of the authors(Radha Krishan Arora and Navneet Kaur).
文摘Inspired from occurrence of anti-inflammatory activity of 3-substituted coumarins and antiulcer activity of various 2-substituted benzimidazoles,novel compounds have been designed by coupling coumarin derivatives at 3-position directly or through amide linkage with benzimidazole nucleus at 2-position.The resultant compounds are expected to exhibit both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities along with less gastric toxicity profile.Two series of coumarin–benzimidazole derivatives(4a–e and 5a–e)were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant activity.Compounds 4c,4d and 5a displayed good anti-inflammatory(45.45%,46.75%and 42.85%inhibition,respectively,versus 54.54% inhibition by indomethacin)and antioxidant(IC_(50) of 19.7,13.9 and 1.2 mmol/L,respectively,versus 23.4 mmol/L for butylatedhydroxytoluene)activities.Evaluation of ulcer index and in vivo biochemical estimations for oxidative stress revealed that compounds 4d and 5a remain safe on gastric mucosa and did not induce oxidative stress in tissues.Calculation of various molecular properties suggests the compounds to be sufficiently bioavailable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21662036).
文摘Lappaconitine(LA),a natural compound with a novel C18-diterpenoid alkaloid skeleton,displayed extensive biological profile.Recent research on LA is focused mainly on its anti-tumor and analgesic effects,and therefore we aimed to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential.A series of novel LA derivatives with various substituents on the 20-N position was designed and synthesized.In the initial screening of LA derivatives against NO production,all the target compounds,except compound E2,exhibited excellent inhibitory ability relative to that of LA.Particularly,compound A4 exhibited the most potent inhibition with IC50 of 12.91 mmol/L.The elementary structureeactivity relationships(SARs)of NO inhibitory activity indicated that replacement of the benzene ring with an electron donating group could improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy.Furthermore,compound A4 shows an anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting NO,PGE2,and TNF-a generation via the suppression of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways.Notably,compound A4 could exert a significant therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in vivo.Based on the above research,we further investigated the preliminary pharmacokinetic property of A4 in rats.Therefore,compound A4 could be a promising candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agents in the future.
基金Department of Science and Technology,Women Scientists Scheme-A(File No.SR/WOS-A/CS-84/2013),New Delhi,for providing financial assistance
文摘p38α mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) inhibitors provide a novel approach for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.A series of fifteen pyrazolyl urea derivatives(3a-o) were synthesized and evaluated for their p38α MAPK inhibition and antioxidant potential.Compounds 3a-e,3g and 3h showed low micromolar range potency(IC_(50) values ranging from 0.037 ±1.56 to 0.069± 0.07μmol/L)compared to the standard inhibitor SB 203580(IC_(50) = 0.043 + 3.62μmol/L) when evaluated for p38αMAPK inhibition by an immunosorbent-based assay.Antioxidant activity was measured by a 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical(DPPH) free radical scavenging method and one of the compounds,3c,showed better percentage antioxidant activity(75.06%) compared to butylated hydroxy anisole(71.53%)at 1 mmol/L concentration.Compounds 3a-e,3g and 3h showed promising in vivo anti-inflammatory activity(ranging from 62.25%to 80.93%) in comparison to diclofenac sodium(81.62%).The ulcerogenic liability and lipid peroxidation activity of these compounds were observed to be less in comparison to diclofenac sodium.These compounds also potently inhibited the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced TNF-αrelease in mice(ID_(50) of 3a-c = 19.98,11.32 and 9.67 mg/kg,respectively).Among the screened compounds,derivative 3c was found to be the most potent and its binding mode within the p38α MAPK is also reported.
文摘5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated, pyrimidine analog, antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of several solid organ cancers. Cardiotoxicity is uncommon but life-threatening manifestations such as myocardial infarction may manifest owing to 5-FU-induced coronary artery spasm. Administering smaller doses of the drug, more frequently than not, decreases the risk of cardiotoxicity compared to large doses or with continuous infusions. We present a case of ST-segment elevation in a patient without known coronary artery disease who had presented following continuous 5-FU infusion. Coronary angiogram confirmed absence of coronary artery disease and intravenous calcium channel blockers administration was commensurate with the patient’s improvement in symptoms. We discuss the literature on 5-FU and its association with coronary artery spasm, and also briefly review chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicities to help better prepare internists and other primary health care providers to face similar challenges, particularly of the uncommon but potentially life-threatening manifestations.
基金financially supported by Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. NRF-2009-0094071), South Korea
文摘An efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of naturally occurring prenylated chalcones viz. kanzonol C (1), stipulin (2), crotaorixin (3), medicagenin (4), licoagrochalcone A (5) and abyssinone D (6) along with the pyranochalcones paratocarpin C (7), anthyllisone (8) and 3-O-methylabyssinone A (9). The key step of the synthesis is a Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Subsequently, their anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages. Of the synthesized chalcones, compounds 5 (IC50= 10.41 μmol[L), 6 (IC50= 9.65 μmol/L) and 8 (IC50= 15.34 μmol/L) show remarkable activity with no cytotoxicity. Compound 9 (IC50 = 4.5 μmol/L) exhibits maximum (83.6%) nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, but shows slight cytotoxicity. The results reveal that the chalcones bearing the prenyl group at 3- and/or 5-position on ring A (acetophenone moiety), i.e., 1-4 and 7 show weak, or no inhibition activity, whereas chalcones having the prenyl group only on ring B (aldehyde part), i.e., 5, 6 and 8 show significant activity on the production of inflammatory mediated NO with no cytotoxicity.