As a discrete spectrum correction method, the Fourier transform (FT) continuous zoom analysis method is widely used in vibration signal analysis, but little effort had been made on this method's anti-noise performa...As a discrete spectrum correction method, the Fourier transform (FT) continuous zoom analysis method is widely used in vibration signal analysis, but little effort had been made on this method's anti-noise performance. It is widely believed that the analysis accuracy of the method can be substantially improved by increasing the zoom multiple, however, with the zoom multiple increases, the frequency estimation accuracy may decline sometimes in practices. Aiming at the problems above, this paper analyzes the sources of frequency estimation error when a harmonic signal mixed with and without noise is processed using the FT continuous zoom analysis. According to the characteristics that the local maximum of the zoom spectrum may be wrongly selected when the signal is corrupted with noise, the number of wrongly selected spectrum lines is deduced under different signal-to-noise ratio and local zoom multiple, and then the maximum frequency estimation error is given accordingly. The validity of the presented analysis is confirmed by simulations results. The frequency estimation accuracy of this method will not improve any more under the influence of noise, and there is a best zoom multiple, when the zoom multiple is larger than the best zoom multiple; the maximum frequency estimation error will fluctuate back and forth. The best zoom multiple curves under different signal-to-noise ratios given provide a theoretical basis for the choice of the appropriate zoom multiples of the FT continuous zoom analysis method in engineering applications.展开更多
In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no...In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no technical analysis and comparison as a guideline to determine which type of consensus mechanism should be adopted in a specific scenario/application.To this end,this work investigates three mainstream consensus mechanisms in the blockchain,namely,Proof of Work(PoW),Proof of Stake(PoS),and Direct Acyclic Graph(DAG),and identifies their performances in terms of the average time to generate a new block,the confirmation delay,the Transaction Per Second(TPS)and the confirmation failure probability.The results show that the consensus process is affected by both network resource(computation power/coin age,buffer size)and network load conditions.In addition,it shows that PoW and PoS are more sensitive to the change of network resource while DAG is more sensitive to network load conditions.展开更多
Objective:To discuss and compare the plasma pharmacokinetics after three oral Panax notoginseng saponin(PNS)administrations in beagle dogs.PNS is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Pana...Objective:To discuss and compare the plasma pharmacokinetics after three oral Panax notoginseng saponin(PNS)administrations in beagle dogs.PNS is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Panax notoginseng.Although its outstanding therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated by various researchers,its broader application is restricted by the low bioavailability of PNS.Methods:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous quantification of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Rd,and ginsenoside Re in beagle dog plasma was developed and validated.The plasma samples were subjected to liquideliquid extraction with acetone and methanol,and separated on an ACQUITY C18 column(100×2.1 mm ID,1.7 mm)using acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase with a run time of 4.5 min.Results:The analytes were detected without interference in Selected Reaction Monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization.The validated method was successfully used in comparative pharmacokinetic studies of the five saponins in beagle dogs after oral administration of three PNS preparations.Blood samples were collected up to 192 h after administration and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.20 and SPSS 17.0.The AUC_(0-t)values of Re and R1 were significantly higher in soft capsules than in hard capsules.However,the AUC_(0-t)values between hard and soft capsules were not significantly different for the other three componentsdRb1,Rd and Rg1.Conclusion:Our intuitive analysis suggests that the bioavailability of PNS in soft capsules is greater than in hard capsules.展开更多
The Counting Bloom Filter(CBF) is a kind of space-efficient data structure that extends a Bloom filter so as to allow approximate multiplicity queries on a dynamic multi-set.This paper evaluates the performance of mul...The Counting Bloom Filter(CBF) is a kind of space-efficient data structure that extends a Bloom filter so as to allow approximate multiplicity queries on a dynamic multi-set.This paper evaluates the performance of multiplicity queries of three simple CBF schemes-the Na?ve Counting Bloom Filter(NCBF), the Space-Code Bloom Filter(SCBF) and the d-left Counting Bloom Filter(dlCBF)-using metrics of space complexity and counting error under both uniform and zipfian multiplicity distributions.We compare their counting error under same space complexity, and their space complexity when similar counting errors are achieved respectively.Our results show that dlCBF is the best while SCBF is the worst in terms of both space-efficiency and accuracy.Furthermore, the performance gap between dlCBF and the others has a trend of being enlarged with the increment of space occupation or counting accuracy.展开更多
This paper reviewed the recent progress in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) compression and compared the efficiency of some compression algorithms. By experimenting on the 500 cases of ECG signals from the ECG dat...This paper reviewed the recent progress in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) compression and compared the efficiency of some compression algorithms. By experimenting on the 500 cases of ECG signals from the ECG database of China, it obtained the numeral indexes for each algorithm. Then by using the automatic diagnostic program developed by Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, it also got the parameters of the reconstructed signals from linear approximation distance threshold (LADT), wavelet transform (WT), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm. The results show that when the index of percent of root mean square difference(PRD) is less than 2.5%, the diagnostic agreement ratio is more than 90%; the index of PRD cannot completely show the damage of significant clinical information; the performance of wavelet algorithm exceeds other methods in the same compression ratio (CR). For the statistical result of the parameters of various methods and the clinical diagnostic results, it is of certain value and originality in the field of ECG compression research.展开更多
The aim of this research was to analyze the PPM of Armenian Premier League using 25 GPS 10 Hz(K-Sport,Montelabbate,Italy),in order to compare data from literature from major European championship.In total 25 matches w...The aim of this research was to analyze the PPM of Armenian Premier League using 25 GPS 10 Hz(K-Sport,Montelabbate,Italy),in order to compare data from literature from major European championship.In total 25 matches were analyzed from one team militant in Armenian Premier League(10 wins,10 loses and 5 draws),33 different players(age 24.3±4.2,height 1.76±4.2 and weight 74±3.5)and in total 270 performances(10.8 for matches).Matches were divided in First Half(T1),Second Half(T2),Second Half Substitution(T2 Sub),Full Match,Full Match Substitution(Full Match Sub)and Total Match(Total)that include all the players detected during a games.Furthermore,all matches were divided even by quarters 0-15,15-30,30-45,45-60,60-75 and 75-90,only players that played all match were included in this analyses,in order to check the performance decreasing during the time.All data were added in an Excel Spreadsheet in order to build a database,to organize and better analyze data,cataloging events for data,results,and role of players.Average data from Armenian Premier League in comparison with literature data from European and Italian Championship show that in every parameter,the Armenian Premier League is under the average.This is obviously related to the non-high level of the Armenian football that is in fact placed at the 106°place of the FIFA ranking(update 7 June 2019).Physical data represent an indicator of performance but also of the qualitative level of the league and of individual players.For this reason,the use of the match analysis can be decisive to verify the PPM,in order to better evaluate the championships,teams,and players,in order to build an easier search and discovery of talents.展开更多
Traditionally RF power amplifiers used Gallium Arsenide(GaAs) technology which has a well behaved and understood performance. Over the past few years Gallium Nitride(GaN) technology is replacing GaAs because GaN is mo...Traditionally RF power amplifiers used Gallium Arsenide(GaAs) technology which has a well behaved and understood performance. Over the past few years Gallium Nitride(GaN) technology is replacing GaAs because GaN is more efficient and has a higher power density resulting in higher power MMICs and FETs.Subject to system link budgets, we usually want to run a given amplifier as close to saturation as possible to minimize CAPEX costs. Running an amplifier closer to saturation causes many non-linear effects that can cause link performance degradation and interfere with other users.To better understand and quantify the differences between GaN and GaAs amplifiers and the impact of this on system performance, some amplifier and system measurements will be taken. The findings will be documented in a white paper.展开更多
As after sales services become more and more popular,particularly preventive or corrective maintenance,the intervention and repair of the customer’s goods in a timely and efficient manner ensure customer ...As after sales services become more and more popular,particularly preventive or corrective maintenance,the intervention and repair of the customer’s goods in a timely and efficient manner ensure customer satisfaction and contribute to the establishment of brand image in the market of the suppliers.The availability and quality of spare parts are key elements of this strategy while ensuring minimal management costs.The reuse of spare parts retrieved from customer systems is a growing maintenance strategy practice which impacts the traditional spare parts supply chain.This reuse is primarily driven by extending the economic life of goods,initially regarded as waste and therefore without added value,by transforming them into valuable spare parts that can be reused;secondly,for environmental or regulatory reasons,demanding responsibility for the treatment of products at the end of their life;and thirdly,to improve the availability of parts for maintenance,especially parts that the organization can no longer purchase or that are impacted by other issues.It also involves the analysis of their condition and their eventual return to working order as they are retrieved from the customer’s systems in a defective condition.In this paper,we will identify and classify the different customers and spare parts by estimating the critical level of rationing policy based on forecasts,identify the thresholds of inventory management policies,and finally,compare the different policies by service level and inventory level performance for the N.A.C.C.company.展开更多
目的对中外医院绩效管理进行比较分析,以期为我国医院绩效管理提供借鉴与参考。方法利用NVivo软件对CNKI、Web of Science数据库中国内外医院绩效管理相关文献分别进行内容质性比较分析。结果从“需求面-供给面-政策面”3个维度以及“宏...目的对中外医院绩效管理进行比较分析,以期为我国医院绩效管理提供借鉴与参考。方法利用NVivo软件对CNKI、Web of Science数据库中国内外医院绩效管理相关文献分别进行内容质性比较分析。结果从“需求面-供给面-政策面”3个维度以及“宏观-中观-微观”3个层面分析我国与国外医院在绩效管理上的差异,发现国内外医院在绩效指标拟定、过程管理、外部评价、信息化程度、绩效工具应用等方面存在差异。结论我国医院绩效管理要关注患者的需求,适应卫生政策的变化,营造重视患者体验的绩效管理文化,完善以国考为导向的绩效评价体系,构建整合医院、科室和员工的绩效激励体系,不断推动公立医院绩效管理高质量发展。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50875085, Grant No. 50605021, and Grant No. 51075150)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91510641010000320)
文摘As a discrete spectrum correction method, the Fourier transform (FT) continuous zoom analysis method is widely used in vibration signal analysis, but little effort had been made on this method's anti-noise performance. It is widely believed that the analysis accuracy of the method can be substantially improved by increasing the zoom multiple, however, with the zoom multiple increases, the frequency estimation accuracy may decline sometimes in practices. Aiming at the problems above, this paper analyzes the sources of frequency estimation error when a harmonic signal mixed with and without noise is processed using the FT continuous zoom analysis. According to the characteristics that the local maximum of the zoom spectrum may be wrongly selected when the signal is corrupted with noise, the number of wrongly selected spectrum lines is deduced under different signal-to-noise ratio and local zoom multiple, and then the maximum frequency estimation error is given accordingly. The validity of the presented analysis is confirmed by simulations results. The frequency estimation accuracy of this method will not improve any more under the influence of noise, and there is a best zoom multiple, when the zoom multiple is larger than the best zoom multiple; the maximum frequency estimation error will fluctuate back and forth. The best zoom multiple curves under different signal-to-noise ratios given provide a theoretical basis for the choice of the appropriate zoom multiples of the FT continuous zoom analysis method in engineering applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61701059,Grant 61941114,and Grant 61831002,in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of New TeachersProject,in part by the Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Projects under Grant cstc2019jscx-msxm1322,and in part by the Eighteentg Open Foundation of State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks of Xidian University under Grant ISN20-05.
文摘In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no technical analysis and comparison as a guideline to determine which type of consensus mechanism should be adopted in a specific scenario/application.To this end,this work investigates three mainstream consensus mechanisms in the blockchain,namely,Proof of Work(PoW),Proof of Stake(PoS),and Direct Acyclic Graph(DAG),and identifies their performances in terms of the average time to generate a new block,the confirmation delay,the Transaction Per Second(TPS)and the confirmation failure probability.The results show that the consensus process is affected by both network resource(computation power/coin age,buffer size)and network load conditions.In addition,it shows that PoW and PoS are more sensitive to the change of network resource while DAG is more sensitive to network load conditions.
基金This workwas financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for Essential Drug Research and Development(No.2014ZX09301306-009)the National Science and Technology Major Project for Essential Drug Research and Development(No.2014ZX09301306-008).
文摘Objective:To discuss and compare the plasma pharmacokinetics after three oral Panax notoginseng saponin(PNS)administrations in beagle dogs.PNS is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Panax notoginseng.Although its outstanding therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated by various researchers,its broader application is restricted by the low bioavailability of PNS.Methods:An ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous quantification of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Rd,and ginsenoside Re in beagle dog plasma was developed and validated.The plasma samples were subjected to liquideliquid extraction with acetone and methanol,and separated on an ACQUITY C18 column(100×2.1 mm ID,1.7 mm)using acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase with a run time of 4.5 min.Results:The analytes were detected without interference in Selected Reaction Monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization.The validated method was successfully used in comparative pharmacokinetic studies of the five saponins in beagle dogs after oral administration of three PNS preparations.Blood samples were collected up to 192 h after administration and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.20 and SPSS 17.0.The AUC_(0-t)values of Re and R1 were significantly higher in soft capsules than in hard capsules.However,the AUC_(0-t)values between hard and soft capsules were not significantly different for the other three componentsdRb1,Rd and Rg1.Conclusion:Our intuitive analysis suggests that the bioavailability of PNS in soft capsules is greater than in hard capsules.
基金Supported by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (No.2007CB307100, No.2007CB 307102)
文摘The Counting Bloom Filter(CBF) is a kind of space-efficient data structure that extends a Bloom filter so as to allow approximate multiplicity queries on a dynamic multi-set.This paper evaluates the performance of multiplicity queries of three simple CBF schemes-the Na?ve Counting Bloom Filter(NCBF), the Space-Code Bloom Filter(SCBF) and the d-left Counting Bloom Filter(dlCBF)-using metrics of space complexity and counting error under both uniform and zipfian multiplicity distributions.We compare their counting error under same space complexity, and their space complexity when similar counting errors are achieved respectively.Our results show that dlCBF is the best while SCBF is the worst in terms of both space-efficiency and accuracy.Furthermore, the performance gap between dlCBF and the others has a trend of being enlarged with the increment of space occupation or counting accuracy.
文摘This paper reviewed the recent progress in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) compression and compared the efficiency of some compression algorithms. By experimenting on the 500 cases of ECG signals from the ECG database of China, it obtained the numeral indexes for each algorithm. Then by using the automatic diagnostic program developed by Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, it also got the parameters of the reconstructed signals from linear approximation distance threshold (LADT), wavelet transform (WT), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm. The results show that when the index of percent of root mean square difference(PRD) is less than 2.5%, the diagnostic agreement ratio is more than 90%; the index of PRD cannot completely show the damage of significant clinical information; the performance of wavelet algorithm exceeds other methods in the same compression ratio (CR). For the statistical result of the parameters of various methods and the clinical diagnostic results, it is of certain value and originality in the field of ECG compression research.
文摘The aim of this research was to analyze the PPM of Armenian Premier League using 25 GPS 10 Hz(K-Sport,Montelabbate,Italy),in order to compare data from literature from major European championship.In total 25 matches were analyzed from one team militant in Armenian Premier League(10 wins,10 loses and 5 draws),33 different players(age 24.3±4.2,height 1.76±4.2 and weight 74±3.5)and in total 270 performances(10.8 for matches).Matches were divided in First Half(T1),Second Half(T2),Second Half Substitution(T2 Sub),Full Match,Full Match Substitution(Full Match Sub)and Total Match(Total)that include all the players detected during a games.Furthermore,all matches were divided even by quarters 0-15,15-30,30-45,45-60,60-75 and 75-90,only players that played all match were included in this analyses,in order to check the performance decreasing during the time.All data were added in an Excel Spreadsheet in order to build a database,to organize and better analyze data,cataloging events for data,results,and role of players.Average data from Armenian Premier League in comparison with literature data from European and Italian Championship show that in every parameter,the Armenian Premier League is under the average.This is obviously related to the non-high level of the Armenian football that is in fact placed at the 106°place of the FIFA ranking(update 7 June 2019).Physical data represent an indicator of performance but also of the qualitative level of the league and of individual players.For this reason,the use of the match analysis can be decisive to verify the PPM,in order to better evaluate the championships,teams,and players,in order to build an easier search and discovery of talents.
文摘Traditionally RF power amplifiers used Gallium Arsenide(GaAs) technology which has a well behaved and understood performance. Over the past few years Gallium Nitride(GaN) technology is replacing GaAs because GaN is more efficient and has a higher power density resulting in higher power MMICs and FETs.Subject to system link budgets, we usually want to run a given amplifier as close to saturation as possible to minimize CAPEX costs. Running an amplifier closer to saturation causes many non-linear effects that can cause link performance degradation and interfere with other users.To better understand and quantify the differences between GaN and GaAs amplifiers and the impact of this on system performance, some amplifier and system measurements will be taken. The findings will be documented in a white paper.
文摘As after sales services become more and more popular,particularly preventive or corrective maintenance,the intervention and repair of the customer’s goods in a timely and efficient manner ensure customer satisfaction and contribute to the establishment of brand image in the market of the suppliers.The availability and quality of spare parts are key elements of this strategy while ensuring minimal management costs.The reuse of spare parts retrieved from customer systems is a growing maintenance strategy practice which impacts the traditional spare parts supply chain.This reuse is primarily driven by extending the economic life of goods,initially regarded as waste and therefore without added value,by transforming them into valuable spare parts that can be reused;secondly,for environmental or regulatory reasons,demanding responsibility for the treatment of products at the end of their life;and thirdly,to improve the availability of parts for maintenance,especially parts that the organization can no longer purchase or that are impacted by other issues.It also involves the analysis of their condition and their eventual return to working order as they are retrieved from the customer’s systems in a defective condition.In this paper,we will identify and classify the different customers and spare parts by estimating the critical level of rationing policy based on forecasts,identify the thresholds of inventory management policies,and finally,compare the different policies by service level and inventory level performance for the N.A.C.C.company.
文摘目的对中外医院绩效管理进行比较分析,以期为我国医院绩效管理提供借鉴与参考。方法利用NVivo软件对CNKI、Web of Science数据库中国内外医院绩效管理相关文献分别进行内容质性比较分析。结果从“需求面-供给面-政策面”3个维度以及“宏观-中观-微观”3个层面分析我国与国外医院在绩效管理上的差异,发现国内外医院在绩效指标拟定、过程管理、外部评价、信息化程度、绩效工具应用等方面存在差异。结论我国医院绩效管理要关注患者的需求,适应卫生政策的变化,营造重视患者体验的绩效管理文化,完善以国考为导向的绩效评价体系,构建整合医院、科室和员工的绩效激励体系,不断推动公立医院绩效管理高质量发展。