Advances in joint roughness coefficient (JRC) and its engineering applications

The joint roughness coefficient (JRC), introduced in Barton (1973) represented a new method in rock mechanics and rock engineering to deal with problems related to joint roughness and shear strength estimation. It has the advantages of its simple form, easy estimation, and explicit consideration of scale effects, which make it the most widely accepted parameter for roughness quantification since it was proposed. As a result, JRC has attracted the attention of many scholars who have developed JRC-related methods in many areas, such as geological engineering, multidisciplinary geosciences, mining mineral processing, civil engineering, environmental engineering, and water resources. Because of such a developing trend, an overview of JRC is presented here to provide a clear perspective on the concepts, methods, applications, and trends related to its extensions. This review mainly introduces the origin and connotation of JRC, JRC-related roughness measurement, JRC estimation methods, JRC-based roughness characteristics investigation, JRC-based rock joint property description, JRC's influence on rock mass properties, and JRC-based rock engineering applications. Moreover, the representativeness of the joint samples and the determination of the sampling interval for rock joint roughness measurements are discussed. In the future, the existing JRC-related methods will likely be further improved and extended in rock engineering.

A Study on the Strength Surplus Coefficient of Cement

This study considers P.O42.5 cement from different sources and evaluates the related surplus coefficient(defined as the proportionality factor linking the measured compressive strength value of the cement after 28 days to the“standard”value of cement strength).The needed tests have been conducted using a mixer,a pressure testing machine,a flexural testing machine,a vibrating table a ramming rod,a feeder and a metal ruler.The average value of the measured cement strength surplus coefficient of cement produced by five distinct cement manufacturers has been found to be 1.16.These results can be used as the basis to reduce the production cost and improve the performance of commercial concrete.

Optimization of Coarse Aggregate Content based on Efficacy Coefficient Method

The influence of coarse aggregate content on concrete properties was investigated.From the perspective of Frame Concrete Theory,six groups concrete were produced with the same proportion except for coarse aggregate content,with coarse aggregate content of 0%,40%,50%,60%,75%,and 80%,respectively.Slump,compressive and flexural tensile strengths,elastic modulus,and water penetration were tested to research the effect of coarse aggregate content on concrete.The experimental results reveal that slump reduces with increasing of coarse aggregate content,while compressive strength,elastic modulus and flexural tensile strength increase with the coarse aggregate content increasing,and water penetration reduces with coarse aggregate content increasing before 75% then increased.Workability,strength,durability and economical indexes system were established to optimize the coarse aggregate content in concrete based on efficacy coefficient method.The optimization results show that when coarse aggregate content is 60%,the system efficacy coefficient reaches to 0.89,and it expresses the better comprehensive performance.

Effect of colouring green stage zirconia on the adhesion of veneering ceramics with different thermal expansion coefficients

This study evaluated the adhesion of zirconia core ceramics with their corresponding veneering ceramics, having different thermal expansion coefficients （TECs）, when zirconia ceramics were coloured at green stage. Zirconia blocks （N=240; 6 mm x 7 mm x 7 mm） were manufactured from two materials namely, ICE Zirconia （Group 1） and Prettau Zirconia （Group 2）. In their green stage, they were randomly divided into two groups. Half of the specimens were coloured with colouring liquid （shade A2）, Three different veneering ceramics with different TEC （ICE Ceramic, GC Initial Zr and IPS e.max Ceram） were fired on both coloured and non-coloured zirconia cores. Specimens of high noble alloys （Esteticor Plus） veneered with ceramic （VM 13） （n= 16） acted as the control group. Core-veneer interface of the specimens were subjected to shear force in the Universal Testing Machine （0.5 mm-min-1）. Neither the zirconia core material （P=0.318） nor colouring （P=0.188） significantly affected the results （three-way analysis of variance, Tukey＇s test）. But the results were significantly affected by the veneering ceramic （P=0.000）. Control group exhibited significantly higher mean bond strength values （45.7__.8） MPa than all other tested groups （（27.1__.4.1）-（39.7__.4.7） and （27.4__.5.6）-（35.9___4.7） MPa with and without colouring, respectively） （P^0.001）. While in zirconia-veneer test groups, predominantly mixed type of failures were observed with the veneering ceramic covering ~ 1/3 of the substrate surface, in the metal-ceramic group, veneering ceramic was left adhered 1/3 of the metal surface. Colouring zirconia did not impair adhesion of veneering ceramic, but veneering ceramic had a significant influence on the core-veneer adhesion. Metal-ceramic adhesion was more reliable than all zirconia-veneer ceramics tested.

Rock joint coefficients and their computerized classification

A computerized method for determining rock joint coefficients is presented.Two relative similarity indicators are introduced to classify surface morphology of rock joints.The classification enables to compare investigated and database rock joints.Such a comparison aims at finding the couple of surfaces that are distinguished by the highest dynamical conformity.The first absolute indicator results from the Fourier matrix and evaluates wavy shapes of surfaces.The second absolute indicator quantifies the heights of surface reliefs and is defined as the root mean square height of the surface outline.Numerical reliability of these indicators is tested within the surface analysis of a series of limestone specimens.Besides the computerized assessment,25 people have performed visual assessment of these limestone specimens.The results of visual assessments have been statistically processed and compared to the results received from the computerized procedure.The newly introduced absolute indicators have proved to be prospective numerical tools for evaluating joint rock coefficients.

A Model for the Determination of Semi-Circular Spot Corrosion Damage and Residual Strength in Oil Pipes

Pitting corrosion often occurs due to the presence of various corrosive substances,such as CO_(2) and H_(2)S,in the pipe service environment.As a result of this process,the residual strength of oil pipes is reduced and this can compromise the integrity of the entire pipe string.In the present work,a model is introduced on the basis of the API579 standard to determine the so-called stress concentration coefficient.The model accounts for pitting corrosion shapes such as shallow semi-circles,semi-circles,and deep semi-circles.The relationship between the corrosion pit depth and opening diameter and the residual strength of the oil casing is obtained.The results show that the influence of the pit opening diameter on the stress concentration coefficient is smaller than that of the pit depth.For a constant pit opening diameter,the coefficient increases gradually with increasing the pit depth.The compressive strength and internal pressure strength of the carbon steel oil casing decrease accordingly.When the depth of the corrosion pit is relatively small,the growth of the coefficient is slower;when the depth of the corrosion pit increases to a certain value,the increase in stress concentration coefficient becomes obvious.

基于允许可靠度的薄壁圆筒静强度安全系数

为建立钢制单层承压薄壁圆筒静强度的可靠性设计技术,当圆筒静强度与载荷分别符合正态分布且静强度分布参数为区间值时,应用概率论知识,构建了圆筒静强度在不同工况的可靠度系数、安全系数和工况系数三者之间的关系。研究表明:1)在一般气压试验或气液组合试验时,圆筒屈服强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于1.549且不超过2.115,爆破强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于4.081且不超过5.414。2)在一般液压试验时,圆筒屈服强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于0.605且不超过1.005,爆破强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于3.304且不超过4.430。3)在正常操作时,圆筒屈服强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于1.961且不超过2.484,爆破强度的允许可靠度系数应不小于4.280且不超过5.456。4)在允许可靠度系数满足上述取值范围,且工况系数符合中国标准时,圆筒屈服安全系数可取1.40,爆破安全系数可取2.00。

中高应变速率轧制AZ31镁合金板的抗拉强度预测

本文采集了不同轧制温度、应变速率以及压下量等三个工艺参数下中高应变速率轧制的AZ31镁合金抗拉强度的27组样本,通过惯性权重、学习因子的改进和引入变异操作对PSO-BP神经网络进行改进,并与BP、PSO-BP神经网络对比,进行抗拉强度的预测。结果表明:BP神经网络不能预测AZ31镁合金抗拉强度的非线性变化,PSO-BP神经网络和改进的PSO-BP(IPSO-BP)神经网络均能较好地预测AZ31镁合金抗拉强度的非线性变化;这三个模型中IPSO-BP神经网络预测最为准确,相较于PSO-BP神经网络,其平均绝对误差从15.3764降低至3.4288,平均相对误差从5.94%降低至1.32%,均方误差从251.3662降低至20.7199,相关系数从0.7753提高至0.8937;通过Pearson相关性计算判断出应变速率、压下量对抗拉强度的影响均大于轧制温度,而应变速率与抗拉强度呈负相关关系,压下量与抗拉强度呈正相关关系。

低弹模混凝土防渗墙材料参数统计特性及相关分布模型

为获取低弹模混凝土防渗墙渗透系数、弹模和抗压强度3个材料参数的统计特性及相关分布模型,基于2座土石坝的检测数据,根据赤池信息准则(AIC)识别材料参数的最优分布类型及相关分布模型的最优Copula函数、Bootstrap方法模拟识别结果的统计不确定性。结果表明,抗压强度、渗透系数和弹模分别服从极值Ⅰ型、对数正态、威布尔或极值Ⅰ型分布,变异系数均值分别为0.17、0.40、0.11;抗压强度与渗透系数、弹模与抗压强度、弹模与渗透系数之间的Pearson相关系数均值分别为-0.79、0.67、-0.55,最优Copula函数分别为Plackett Copula、Gaussian Copula、Gaussian Copula。研究结果可为低弹模混凝土防渗墙的渗流和强度可靠度计算提供参考。

增压器钛铝涡轮过盈连接结合强度研究

轻质钛铝(TiAl)涡轮能够显著提高涡轮增压发动机的动力性能,而TiAl涡轮与K418过渡体之间的过盈连接失效问题对增压器安全运行有重要影响。考虑了TiAl涡轮和K418过渡体材料非线性、损伤准则,建立了TiAl涡轮过盈连接强度有限元模型,通过拉伸试验验证了该模型的准确性。在此基础上,构建了接触应力与摩擦系数的关系公式,并探索了温度和高温条件下转速对TiAl涡轮过盈连接强度的影响。结果表明:在400~700℃时,随着温度上升,结构过盈界面接触应力衰减呈上升趋势,过盈连接强度下降幅度增加;在高温条件下,转速越大,过盈连接强度下降幅度越大。

三轴加载条件下含水率对煤体力学特性影响的试验研究

含水率对煤体力学特性具有重要影响,为深入探讨三轴加载条件下含水率在煤体力学中的作用机制,选择平顶山矿区代表性煤样并设置不同含水率水平的试验组,开展了不同含水煤样的单轴压缩试验和不同围压条件下的含水煤样三轴压缩试验,并对不同含水煤样进行应力-应变关系、抗压强度等方面的综合性能测试。结果表明:不同围压条件下,含水煤体的应力-应变曲线呈现相同趋势。三轴加载条件下,含水煤体轴向方向的应力-应变曲线与单轴加载时的煤体轴向方向的应力-应变曲线形式相同。相同含水率条件下,不同围压的试验煤样出现应力峰值时的轴向应变略有不同,整体呈现围压越大,其出现应力峰值对应的轴向应变越小。整个加载过程中,试验煤样轴向应变始终为正值,即煤体轴向方向发生轴向压缩变形,与此同时,试验煤样径向产生膨胀变形。单轴/三轴加载条件下,随着含水率增加,峰值强度整体呈降低,含水率与峰值强度呈一元二次函数关系。随着围压增加,峰值强度整体呈下降趋势。随着含水率增加,岩石软化系数整体呈现降低趋势。含水率与软化系数呈一元二次函数关系。研究结果为平顶山矿区煤炭资源的合理开发和利用提供了科学依据。

一种车用纳米改性橡胶密封材料制备及性能研究

为提高橡胶密封材料的耐磨性能,以丁腈橡胶(NBR)为主要材料,纳米氧化锌为补强填料,制备一种密封材料,对其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,与普通氧化锌相比,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料力学性能和耐磨性能更好,硬度为77.2 HA,压缩永久变形率为21.2%,拉伸强度和拉伸断裂伸长率分别是13.26 MPa、198.8%,撕裂强度为52.38 kN/m。在干摩擦磨损试验中,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料平均摩擦系数为0.817,磨损量降低38.0%。在油润滑摩擦磨损试验中,含有纳米氧化锌的密封材料摩擦系数最后稳定在0.08。添加纳米氧化锌的密封材料综合性能良好,可作为汽车轴承等钢结构密封材料应用。

倾覆力耦合的大兆瓦风机主轴-齿轮箱法兰结构疲劳寿命研究

大兆瓦风机主轴-齿轮箱法兰连接受倾覆力及其他交变载荷的作用,极易产生疲劳破坏。文中建立了考虑倾覆力耦合作用的法兰连接有限元数值模型,分析了特定工况下法兰连接各部件应力场分布规律;通过GH-Bladed获得主轴实际转矩变化数据,根据雨流计数法计算得到了主轴和螺栓多种工况下载荷-时间历程曲线,基于Brown-Miller准则并结合材料的S-N曲线,使用FE-SAFE给出了不同预紧力条件下主轴和螺栓的疲劳寿命,疲劳分析结果表明:随着预紧力的减小,主轴的疲劳寿命大于螺栓的,螺栓在风机运行过程中更容易发生疲劳破坏。基于VDI2230规范,结合法兰界面涂层增摩工艺,得到了法兰界面摩擦因数、螺栓预紧力与法兰结构疲劳寿命的理论模型。该研究对于大兆瓦风机主轴-齿轮箱法兰连接结构设计和疲劳寿命提升具有一定的指导意义。

减水剂对固化土强度影响的研究

为了探究聚羧酸、木质磺酸钙(木钙)两种减水剂对固化土强度的影响规律,在不同养护龄期下,对添加不同掺量减水剂的固化土开展了一系列无侧限抗压强度试验,从水化产物角度阐述了固化土强度随两种减水剂掺量的演变机理。试验结果表明:掺有两种减水剂的固化土强度均随着龄期的增加而增加,前期强度增长速度快,后期强度增长缓慢。固化土的强度随着聚羧酸掺量的增加呈现先增加后缓慢减小的趋势,当聚羧酸掺量为0.4%时,固化土强度达到最大值;固化土的强度随木钙掺量的增加逐渐减小,木钙减水剂提升强度的效果弱于聚羧酸减水剂。

基于微生物矿化的水泥基材料表面防护及裂缝修复

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀技术是一种比较新颖、绿色环保的混凝土修复技术。针对混凝土工程裂缝等缺陷,试验研究微生物水泥对混凝土表面及裂缝的修复防护效果。研究表明,试件表面先涂覆菌液再喷洒营养液,经多次修复后,试件表面均被沉积的碳酸钙膜层覆盖,表面裂缝也均被封闭,覆膜层坚硬、致密。试件毛细吸水系数得以大幅降低,降低率达90%以上,修复效果的表征应采用毛细吸水系数及毛细吸水系数降低率综合评价。裂缝中填入石英砂(粉)作为修复基材,经微生物水泥多次注入后抗折强度均得到了不同程度的提高,特别是缝宽3.0 mm试件修复后的抗折强度最高恢复至原基准试件的78%,抗折强度提高了74%,修复效果明显;其他缝宽试件的抗折强度恢复率为60%~68%,提高率为18%~30%,裂缝越宽,修复效果相对越好。

水泥和钢渣粉协同固化高含水率疏浚泥的力学性能研究

研究了钢渣粉的掺入方式(内掺、外掺)和掺量(0、5%、10%、15%)对水泥固化高含水率疏浚泥力学性能的影响。结果表明:当水泥掺量一定时,随着钢渣粉外掺量的增加,固化疏浚泥的3、7、14、28、90 d无侧限抗压强度均先增大后减小,14 d峰值应力和峰值应变也呈先增大后减小的趋势,钢渣粉的最佳外掺量为10%;对于纯水泥固化疏浚泥,其变形系数随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,抵抗变形的能力降低;外掺适量钢渣粉降低了固化疏浚泥的变形系数,提高了固化疏浚泥抵抗变形的能力;钢渣粉内掺取代部分水泥降低了固化疏浚泥的无侧限抗压强度,建议钢渣粉采用外掺方式。

喷砂处理钢板高强度螺栓摩擦型连接循环抗剪试验研究

为了解决地震下高强度螺栓抗剪连接承载力性能的问题,对钢板喷砂处理的不同螺栓尺寸和孔型的36个高强度螺栓抗剪连接件进行了双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪的循环加载试验,获得了连接件抗剪承载力、抗滑移系数、滑移前变形、刚度、滑移后的滑动承载力、实测摩擦因数、名义摩擦因数和螺栓拉力。结果表明:双剪连接刚度大,单剪连接滑移前变形是双剪连接的1.8倍;在喷砂钢板间夹紫铜片后抗滑移系数提高约16.1%并可减小摩擦力离散性和滑移噪声;螺栓垫圈与喷砂钢板间的摩擦力对单剪抗剪承载力有提高作用;提出修正的单剪连接抗滑移承载力公式;给出双剪、单剪和夹紫铜片双剪连接的滑移前变形建议取值,提出3类连接的滑动承载力公式。

一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法

针对接收信号强度指示(RSSI)在基于WiFi的室内定位应用中易受到环境影响出现波动、突变进而导致定位精度降低的问题,提出了一种WiFi混合滤波的RSSI室内定位算法。首先,根据WiFi信号距离衰减模型设计一种自适应阈值滤波器剔除观测信号异常值;然后,根据自适应阈值滤波、卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波、均值(Mean)滤波设计了一种混合滤波算法(ATKM)对RSSI数据进行滤波;最后,提出了一种基于斯皮尔曼-欧几里得距离的加权K近邻算法(SEWKNN)进行位置估计。在真实环境下的实测结果表明,本文提出的ATKM滤波算法能显著降低RSSI信号的波动,提出的SEWKNN算法在室内环境中平均定位误差为1.17 m,在走廊环境中平均定位误差为1.53m,相比传统的WKNN算法平均定位误差分别下降18.18%和16.84%。

圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件塑性发展系数的双因素计算模型研究

为了综合考虑截面几何和材料特性对圆形截面钢管混凝土(CFST)受弯构件抗弯强度的影响,选择截面厚径比和材料强度比作为自变量,研究建立了圆CFST受弯构件截面塑性发展系数的二元函数计算表达,并建立了截面抗弯强度计算模型。首先在确定厚径比和强度比取值范围的基础上,设计1 656个圆CFST受弯构件的数值模型,利用纤维模型法计算确定每个构件的截面抗弯强度和塑性发展系数。然后选择截面钢管壁厚与外径之比、钢管强度与核心混凝土强度之比作为自变量,通过回归分析建立圆CFST构件的截面塑性发展系数的二元函数表达式,据此提出了圆CFST构件截面抗弯强度的计算模型。最后通过与试验数据、现行设计规范和研究文献中不同计算模型进行对比分析,验证了建立的圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件的截面塑性发展系数和抗弯强度计算模型具有更高的精度和适用性。

基于构造滑面正应力分布的岩质边坡三维极限平衡法与应用

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