An Original Didactic about Standard Model (Geometric Model of Particle: The Quarks)

This work shows a didactic model representative of the quarks described in the Standard Model (SM). In the model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (GMP). From these didactic hypotheses emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles (quarks) fully compatible with that of SM, showing, besides, that the number of possible quarks is six.

Gravitational wave echoes from strange quark stars in the equation of state with density-dependent quark masses

According to the recent studies,the gravitational wave(GW)echoes are expected to be generated by quark stars composed of ultrastiff quark matter.The ultrastiff equations of state(EOS)for quark matter were usually obtained either by a simple bag model with artificially assigned sound velocity or by employing interacting strange quark matter(SQM)depicted by simple reparameterization and rescaling.In this study,we investigate GW echoes with EOSs for SQM in the framework of the equivparticle model with density-dependent quark masses and pairing effects.We conclude that strange quark stars(SQSs)can be sufficiently compact to possess a photon sphere capable of generating GW echoes with frequencies in the range of approximately 20 kHz.However,SQSs cannot account for the observed 72 Hz signal in GW170817 event.Furthermore,we determined that quark-pairing effects play a crucial role in enabling SQSs to satisfy the necessary conditions for producing these types of echoes.

Structure of the Quarks and a New Model of Protons and Neutrons: Answer to Some Open Questions

The described structural model tries to answer some open questions such as: Why do quarks not exist in the open state? Where are the antiparticles from the Big Bang?

Mass of the Universe from Quarks: A Plausible Solution to the Cosmological Constant Problem

A framework to estimate the mass of the universe from quarks is presented, taking spacetime into account. This is a link currently missing in our understanding of physics/science. The focus on mass-energy balance is aimed at finding a solution to the Cosmological Constant (CC) problem by attempting to quantize space-time and linking the vacuum energy density at the beginning of the universe and the current energy density. The CC problem is the famous disagreement of approximately 120 orders of magnitude between the theoretical energy density at the Planck scale and the indirectly measured cosmological energy density. Same framework is also used to determine the mass of the proton and neutron from first principles. The only input is the up quark (u-quark) mass, or precisely, the 1st generation quarks. The method assumes that the u-quark is twice as massive as the down-quark (d-quark). The gap equation is the starting point, introduced in its simplest form. The main idea is to assume that all the particles and fields in the unit universe are divided into quarks and everything else. Everything else means all fields and forces present in the universe. It is assumed that everything else can be “quark-quantized”;that is, assume that they can be quantized into similar sizeable u-quarks and/or it’s associated interactions and relations. The result is surprisingly almost as measured and known values. The proton structure and mass composition are also analysed, showing that it likely has more than 3 quarks and more than 3 valence quarks. It is also possible to estimate the percentage of dark matter, dark energy, ordinary matter, and anti-matter. Finally, the cosmological constant problem or puzzle is resolved by connecting the vacuum energy density of Quantum Field Theory (5.1E+96 kg/m3) and the energy density of General Relativity (1.04E−26 kg/m3). Upon maturation, this framework can serve as a bridging platform between Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity. Other aspects of natures’ field theories can be successfully ported to the platform. It also increases the chances of solving some of the unanswered questions in physics.

凝乳酶对超滤浓缩乳生产Quark干酪的影响

采用每100g超滤乳中添加0、50、100、150、200、250μL六个水平的凝乳酶,研究了不同的凝乳酶添加量对Quark干酪组成、凝乳硬度、贮藏期产品感官品质和干酪中水溶性氮含量的影响。结果表明,当凝乳酶的添加量从0μL/100g增大到250μL/100g时,产品的水分含量上升了1·49%,粗产率和校正产率分别上升了1·42%和0·99%,固形物的回收率下降了3·5%,凝乳硬度从16·83g增大到40·84g,但干酪的苦味和水溶性氮含量,随着贮存期的延长和凝乳酶用量的增加而增大。

质谱技术联用分析Quark干酪水溶性多肽组成

通过质谱技术联用分析了自制Quark干酪中水溶性多肽的组成,测定了干酪的理化指标及其多肽和蛋白的一级结构,结果显示:干酪涂抹性良好,质谱联用检测到62种蛋白和223条多肽,蛋白主要有K-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白、α-s1-酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白等,优势肽段主要来自于这些蛋白,此外,大多数多肽序列与功能性活性多肽相近或相关。

对超高能宇宙线大气簇射中μ子超出的探讨

近年来,一些大气簇射观测数据表明,超高能大气簇射中产生的μ子数比模型预测的要多,现有的理论模型都不能很好地解释此现象.研究指出了,当超高能宇宙射线与大气粒子发生碰撞时,可能会发生胶子凝聚,此时奇异夸克的产生会大大增强,从而在碎裂产物中产生更多的K介子;大气簇射的能量更多地分配到强子级联过程,有可能解释μ子超出现象.

低功耗AVR微处理器上Quark哈希算法优化实现

哈希算法被广泛用于数据完整性检测。在物联网数据完整性检测中,现有标准哈希算法的软硬件开销仍需进一步降低。从低功耗AVR微处理器的特点出发,通过基于字节的压缩函数变换操作和基于布尔运算特点的函数优化,以AVR ASM为开发语言环境给出了Quark哈希算法的优化实现,在算法实现的处理速度和存储开销上取得较好的平衡。

Critical Opalescence and Its Impact on the Jet Quenching Parameter q

Jet quenching parameter q is essential for characterizing the interaction strength between jet partons and nuclear matter.Based on the quark-meson model,we develop a new framework for calculating q at finite chemical potentials,in which q is related to the spectral function of the chiral order parameter.

Two-Body Hadronic Weak Decays of Bottomed Hadrons

The structure of light diquarks plays a crucial role in formation of exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark model, especially with regard to the line shapes of bottomed hadron decays. We study the two-body hadronic weak decays of bottomed baryons and bottomed mesons to probe the light diquark structure and to pin down the quark–quark correlations in the diquark picture. It is found that the light diquark does not favor a compact structure. For instance, the isoscalar diquark [ud] in Λ_(b)^(0) can be easily split and rearranged to form ■via the color-suppressed transition. This provides a hint that the hidden charm pentaquark states produced in Λ_(b)^(0) decays could be the ■chadronic molecular candidates. This quantitative study resolves the apparent conflicts between the production mechanism and the molecular nature of these P_(c) states observed in experiment.

色味锁夸克物质与夸克星

讨论了零温、强磁场下基于准粒子模型的奇异夸克物质、色味锁夸克物质的热力学性质.结果表明色味锁夸克物质比奇异夸克物质更稳定,压强会随着色味锁态能隙常数的增大而增加.并且发现强磁场下磁星的最大质量会随着色味锁夸克物质的能隙常数的增加而增加,磁星的潮汐形变率会随着能隙常数的增加而增加,磁星最大质量的中心密度会随着能隙常数的增加而降低.结果还说明考虑色味锁态得到的磁星质量半径关系可以满足最近实验观测PSR J0740+6620,PSR J0030+0451,和HESS J1731-347所给出的质量半径约束.

Quark打通端到端的物联网战略布局——专访英特尔物联网解决方案与产品事业部中国区总经理陈伟

过去的一两年,英特尔除了在智能手机方面加大投入之外,最大的企业变化就是全面向物联网方向拓展,先是整合之前的嵌入式系统部门和其他资源成立全新的物联网解决方案与产品事业部,随后又推出了完全不同于之前产品的Quark处理器,瞄准全新的市场应用,并向竞争对手ARM的产品发起挑战。我们特别专访了英特尔物联网解决方案与产品事业部中国区总经理陈伟,探讨英特尔这家半导体巨头的物联网战略布局。

Standard Model Fermion Masses and Charges from Holographic Analysis

The Standard Model of particle physics involves twelve fundamental fermions, treated as point particles, in four charge states. However, the Standard Model does not explain why only three fermions are in each charge state or account for neutrino mass. This holographic analysis treats charged Standard Model fermions as spheres with mass 0.187 g/cm2 times their surface area, using the proportionality constant in the holographic relation between mass of the observable universe and event horizon radius. The analysis requires three Standard Model fermions per charge state and relates up quark and down quark masses to electron mass. Holographic analysis specifies electron mass, to six significant figures, in terms of fundamental constants α,ℏ,G,Λ and Ω Λ . Treating neutrinos as spheres and equating electron neutrino energy density with cosmic vacuum energy density predicts neutrino masses consistent with experiment.

关于LHC能区pp碰撞系统中顶夸克横动量分布的研究

顶夸克是标准模型中最重的粒子,它的发现进一步验证了标准模型的正确性,并为人们探索标准模型之外的新物理提供了新的手段.在实验上,高能碰撞是研究顶夸克的唯一途径.在多源热模型框架下对Tsallis分布与逆幂律分布函数进行改进,运用改进后的双组分统计分布对产生顶夸克的碰撞反应系统中末态粒子的横动量分布进行描述,提取出相关的参数值.

An experimental review of open heavy flavor and quarkonium production at RHIC

Open heavy flavors and quarkonia are unique probes of the hot–dense medium produced in heavy-ion collisions. Their production in p+p collisions also constitutes an important test of QCD. In this paper, we review selected results on the open heavy flavors and quarkonia generated in the p+p and heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The physical implications are also discussed.

The mass effect of the quark phase transition in supernova core

Constituent quark mass model is adopted as a tentative one to study the phase transition between two-flavour quark matter and more stable three-flavour quark matter in the core of supernovae. The result shows that the transition has a significant influence on the increasing of the core temperature, the neutrino abundance and the neutrino energies, which contributes to the enhancement of the successful probability of supernova explosion. However, the equilibrium values of these parameters （except the temperature） from the constituent quark mass model in this work are slightly bigger than those obtained from the other model. And we find that the constituent quark mass model is also applicable to describing the transition in the supernova core.

Dynamical Running Mass of Quark in the Dyson-Schwinger Equation Approach

Based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD in the "rainbow" approximation, the fully dressed quarkpropagator Sf(p) is investigated, and then an algebraic parametrization form of the propagator is obtained as a solutionof the equations. The dressed quark amplitudes Af and Bf built up the fully dressed quark propagator and the dynamicalrunning masses Mf defined by Af and Bf for light quarks u, d and s are calculated, respectively. Using the predictedrunning masses Mf, quark condensates <0|q(0)q(0)|0> = -(0.255 GeV)a for u, d quarks, and <0|s s|0> = 0.8<0|q(0)q(0)]0)for s quark, and experimental pion decay constant fπ = 0.093 GeV, the masses of Goldstone bosons K, π, and η are alsoevaluated. The numerical results show that the masses of quarks are dependent on their momentum p2. The fully dressedquark amplitudes Af and Bf have correct behaviors which can be used for many purposes in our future researches onnonperturbative QCD.

The Bare and Dressed Masses of Quarks in Pions via the of Quarks’ Geometric Model

In previous articles (Guido) we demonstrated that Quarks (u, d) are represented by golden geometric structures of coupled quantum oscillators. In this article we show the geometric structure of the pion triplet and, in particular, via the structure equation of neutral pion, we identify its decays and we solve the spin question in hadrons thanks also to introduction of algebraic operations [?, ⊕] on geometric structure. Moreover by means of the golden ratio between (u, d), we determine the values of bare masses of quarks (3.51 MeV for u-quark and 5.67 MeV for d-quark) and those ones bounded in a pion (53.31 MeV for u-quark and 85.26 MeV for d-quark). Finally, using algebraic operations [?, ⊕] we point out a new way to represent the processes of pions’ decay.

QQqq Four-Quark Bound States in Chiral SU(3) Quark Model

The possibility of QQqq heavy-light four-quark bound states has been analyzed by means of the chiral SU(3) quark model,where Q is the heavy quark (c or b) and q is the light quark (u,d,or s).We obtain a bound state for the bbnn configuration with quantum number J^R=1^+,I=0 and for the ccnn(J^R=1+,I=0) configuration,which is not bound but slightly above the D~*D~* threshold (n is u or d quark).Meanwhile,we also conclude that a weakly bound state in bbnn system can also be found without considering the chiral quark interactions between the two light quarks, yet its binding energy is weaker than that with the chiral quark interactions.

On Quarks and Gluons

This article gives the potential energy function of quark in the gluon field, derives the wave function of quark in stationary state and the quark confinement and asymptotic freedom, shows that a quark is composed of two different color gluons, expounds the formation mechanism of the quark confinement and asymptotic freedom and the physical substance of “colors” of quark, and discusses the stability of hadrons in the end.