Effect of Attenuated Highly Pathogenic Pig Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome(HP-PRRS) TJM-F92 Strain Vaccine on Immune Antibody Levels against Classical Swine Fever(CSF) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD)

Effects of attenuated highly pathogenic pig reproductive and respiratory syndrome（HP-PRRS）TJM-F92 strain vaccine on immune antibody level against classical swine fever（CSF）and foot-and-mouth disease（FMD）were studied from October 8 to November 12 in 2014,in order to optimize vaccination program of CSF,HP-PRRS and FMD and to provide scientific guidance for animal disease control and prevention work.The results showed that attenuated HP-PRRS（TJMF92 strain）vaccine had no significant effect on immune antibody level of hog cholera lapinized virus（HCLV,ST passage cell vaccine）attenuated vaccine and FMD-O inactivated vaccines（OZK/93 strain）,and single or combined use of three vaccines received good immunization effects.

Achievements, challenges and prospects for the development of broadly protective multivalent vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) is a significant health concern in the Asia–Pacific regions for infants and young children in recent years. However, no vaccines or therapeutics are available at present. The causative agents for HFMD include human enterovirus 71(EV71), coxsackievirus A16(CVA16) and some other viruses. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in the development of monovalent and bivalent vaccines against HFMD. A few neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against EV71 or CVA16 have been identified and characterized. Here, we reviewed some achievements for the development of broadly protective vaccines and neutralizing antibodies against HFMD, and discussed challenges and prospects toward broadly protective multivalent vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against HFMD.

Effect of Plasmodium yoelii YM Infection on Vaccination with 19 kDa Carboxylterminus of the Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1_(19))

We have previously demonstrated the ability of malaria parasites to interfere with specific immune responses. CD4 T cells specific to parasite antigens, but not CD4 T cells specific to an irrelevant antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), are de- leted via apoptosis during malaria infection. It is of interest, therefore, to investigate the immune responses that developed following vaccination with the 19 kDa carboxylterminus of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) in mice that had previ- ously experienced malaria infection. In this study, pre-exposure of mice to Plasmodium yoelii elicited native anti-MSP119 an- tibody responses, which could be boosted by vaccination with recombinant MSP119 . likewise, infection of MSP119-primed mice with Plasmodium yoelii ( P . yoelii) led to an increase of anti-MSP119 antibodies. MSP119 vaccination of malaria pre- exposed mice or immunization by infection/cure of MSP119-primed mice enabled the mice to survive challenge infection, with the former group having slightly lower parasitaemia. The data suggest that exposure to malaria infection primes a natural im- mune response which can be boosted by vaccination. This information is relevant to the development of a vaccine for use in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas.

Nanoparticles as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody against schistosomiasis

Background The development of new adjuvants for human use has been the focus of attention. This study’s aim is to explore the possibility of using nanoparticle Ca nanoparticles (CA) as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis and its protective mechanisms. Methods Nanoparticle CA-NP30 conjugate (CA-NP30) was fabricated. BALB/c mice were immunized actively with CA-NP30 to evaluate its effects of protective immunity on mice. The serum levels of specific IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 and the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in supernatant of splenocytes were determined via ELISA. Results Nanoparticle CA could enhance significantly the protective immunity of NP30 against infection of Schistosoma japonicum and the worm reduction rose from 36.0% (NP30 alone) to 52.6%. The serum levels of specific IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against NP30 increased remarkably,as compared with those of the group immunized with NP30 alone. The concentration of IFN-γ in supernatant of splenocyte was drastically elevated [the groups immunized with CA-NP30 and NP30 alone were (493.80±400.74) pg/ml and (39.03±39.58) pg/ml,respectively],but the concentration of IL-4 showed no significant difference from that of NP30 alone [(27.94±9.84) pg/ml vs (27.28±14.44) pg/ml]. Conclusions Nanoparticle CA could act as a vaccine adjuvant of anti-idiotypic antibody NP30 against schistosomiasis. The mechanism could be that CA-NP30 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.

Immunization effect of purified bivalent vaccine to haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome manufactured from primary cultured hamster kidney cells

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a worldwide epidemic plaguing over thirty nations. This disease has spread across 26 provinces, cities and autonomous regions of China with an annual onsets number of more than a hundred thousand and a mortality rate of 5% to 15%, accounting for over 80% of cases in the world, and threatening the safety and health of Chinese people. 1 Analysis of serum samples over recent years indicates that the plagued areas are expanding. Instead of a single type Ⅰ or Ⅱ strain, each area now has a combination with one type predominant. 2 These demographic changes revealed a shortcoming of the monovalent vaccine in use, urging China to develop a purified bivalent vaccine based on monovalent one. This research on clinical observation and immunization effects led to a purified bivalent vaccine manufactured by Changchun Institute of Biological Products, China from primary cultured hamster kidney cells.