Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD44 variant exon 6 in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases of colorectal carcinoma with Dukes'stage C or D

AIM: To study changes in characteristics of colorectal carcinoma during the metastatic process and to investigate the correlation between cell proliferation activity and metastatic ability of patients with Dukes′ stage C or D.METHODS: Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded materials of primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases resected from 56 patients with Dukes′ stage C or D of colorectal carcinoma were stained immunohistochemically with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD44variant exon 6 (CD44v6).RESULTS: Thirty-one of 56 patients (55.4 %) expressed PCNA in the primary sites and 36 of 56 patients (64.3 %)expressed PCNA in the metastatic lymph nodes. A significant relation in PCNA expression was observed between the primary site and the metastatic lymph node (0.010＜P＜0.025).Forty-one of 56 patients (73.2 %) expressed CD44v6 in the primary site and 39 of 56 patients (69.6 %) expressed CD44v6 in the metastatic lymph node. There was also an significant relationship of CD44v6 between the primary site and the metastatic lymph node (0.005＜P＜0.010). No difference was observed between expression of CD44v6 and PCNA in the primary site (0.250＜P＜0.500).CONCLUSION: This study partially demonstrates that tumor cells in metastatic lymph node of colorectal carcinoma still possess cell proliferation activity and metastatic ability of tumor cells in primary site. There may be no association between cell proliferation activity and metastatic ability in colorectal carcinoma.

Activation of killer cells with soluble gastric cancer antigen combined with anti-CD3 McAb

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Detection of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes in HIV patients:Involvement in CD4^+ T lymphocyte count depletion

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes amongst grades of CD4 T lymphocyte counts in HIV sero positive and seronegative participants.Methods:Polyethelene glycol(PEG-600) and buffering methods of precipitation and dissociation of immune complexes was used to generate immune solution from sera of 100 HIV sero-positive and 100 HIV sero-negative participants.These were categorized into 3 grades based on CD4 count:】 500 cell/mm,200-499 cell/mm3 and 【200 cell/mm3.The immune solutions were assayed using membrane based immunoassay and antibody titration, along side its unprocessed serum for detection of various microbial antigens and or antibodies. CD4 T cell counts were estimated using Patec Cyflow SL-3 Germany.Results:Antigenic component of immune complexes of various infectious agents was detected in 99 and 70 HIV seropositive and HIV sero-negative participants,respectively.In group A,there were 10 HIV positive participants,including 4(40.0%) had circulating immune complexes(CICs) due to Salmonella species only:1(10.0%) due to Salmonella-Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum),SalmonellaP. falciparum-HCV and P.falciparum antigens,respectively.In group B,45(45.4%) HIV seropositive participants with CICs had CD4 T lymphocyte count between 200-499 cells/mm^3.Out of these,20(44.4%) had CICs due to Salmonella species only:9(20%) due to Salmonella-P. falciparum.In group C,there were 44(44.4%) HIV sero-positive participants,including 3(6.8%) due to Salmonella species only:24(54.4%) due to Salmonella-P.falciparum:2(4.5%) due to P. falciparum only.Conclusions:In HIV sero-positive participants,presence of heterogeneity of Salmonella species-P.falciparum antigens was highly incriminated in CD4 count depletion but not homogeneity of malaria parasites antigens.Malaria parasites antigens only were incriminated in CD4^+ count depletion amongst HIV sero-negative participants.Before taking any decision on the management of HIV-1-positive individuals,their malaria and Salmonella paratyphi status should be assessed,but not malaria status alone.

Rejection of Experimental Hodgkins Lymphoma by T-Cells Engineered with a CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor

T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) combining an external antibody binding domain with the CD3ζ T cell receptor (TCR) signaling domain for triggering cell activation are being used for immunotherapeutic targeting of tumor cells in a non-HLA restricted manner. In this study we transduced T cells with a CD19-CAR construct containing a truncated CD34 gene (tCD34) marker and used these to target the B cell antigen CD19 on the surface of a Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) cell line (L591) both in vitro and in vivo. Levels of tCD34 expression in transduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ranged from 6% - 20% and this was increased to 82% after selection for transduced tCD34+ cells. In vitro cytotoxicity testing on a CD19+ HL cell line (L591) showed specific cell lysis initiated by the CD19-CAR transduced PBMCs. Importantly, CD19-CAR T cells prevented the growth of L591 HL tumor cells when co-injected subcutaneously (sc) in 6/6 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. There was no evidence of anti-tumor activity when CD19-CAR T cells were infused intravenously (iv) at the same time as L591 HL tumor cells were injected sc. However, 3/6 SCID mice showed tumor rejection within 83 days after iv infusion of CD19-CAR T cells 3 - 9 days after establishment of L591 HL tumors, while all control animals succumbed to tumors within 60 days. Interestingly, immuno-histochemical analysis of L591 HL tumors demonstrated that CD19-CAR T cells were detected not earlier than 11 days after infusion within the tumor mass. These results suggest that CD19 is a potentially attractive target for the immunotherapy of HL.

Regulatory T cells suppress autoreactive CD4^+ T cell response to bladder epithelial antigen

AIM： To investigate the role of regulatory T （Treg） cells in CD4^＋ T cell-mediated bladder autoimmune infammation. METHODS： Urothelium-ovalbumin （URO-OVA）/OT-II mice, a double transgenic line that expresses the membrane form of the model antigen （Ag） OVA as a self-Ag on the urothelium and the OVA-specific CD4^＋ T cell receptor specifc for the I-Ab/OVA323-339 epitope in the periphery, were developed to provide an autoimmune environment for investigation of the role of Treg cells in bladder autoimmune infammation. To facilitate Treg cell analysis, we further developed URO-OVA^GFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice, a derived line of URO-OVA/OT-II mice that express the green fuorescent protein （GFP）-forkhead box protein P3 （Foxp3） fusion protein. RESULTS： URO-OVA/OT-II mice failed to develop bladder infammation despite the presence of autoreactive CD4^＋ T cells. By monitoring GFP-positive cells, bladder infltration of CD4^＋ Treg cells was observed in URO-OVA^GFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice. The infiltrating Treg cells were functionally active and expressed Treg cell effector molecule as well as marker mRNAs including transforming growth factor-β, interleukin （IL）-10, fibrinogen-like protein 2, and glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor （GITR）. Studies further revealed that Treg cells from URO-OVA^GFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice were suppressive and inhibited autoreactive CD4^＋ T cell proliferation and interferon （IFN）-g production in response to OVA Ag stimulation. Depletion of GITR-positive cells led to spontaneous development of bladder infammation and expression of inflammatory factor mRNAs for IFN-γ, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and nerve growth factor in URO-OVA^GFP-Foxp3/OT-II mice. CONCLUSION： Treg cells specifc for bladder epithelial Ag play an important role in immunological homeostasis and the control of CD4^＋ T cell-mediated bladder autoimmune infammation.

Cinnamon extract suppresses experimental colitis through modulation of antigen-presenting cells

AIM:To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract and elucidate its mechanisms for targeting the function of antigen presenting cells.METHODS:Cinnamon extract was used to treat murine macrophage cell line(Raw 264.7),mouse primary antigen-presenting cells(APCs,MHCII+) and CD11c+dendritic cells to analyze the effects of cinnamon extract on APC function.The mechanisms of action of cinnamon extract on APCs were investigated by analyzing cytokine production,and expression of MHC antigens and co-stimulatory molecules by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry.In addition,the effect of cinnamon extract on antigen presentation capacity and APC-dependent T-cell differentiation were analyzed by [H3]-thymidine incorporation and cytokine analysis,respectively.To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamon extract in vivo,cinnamon or PBS was orally administered to mice for 20 d followed by induction of experimental colitis with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.The protective effects of cinnamon extract against experimental colitis were measured by checking clinical symptoms,histological analysis and cytokine expression prof iles in inflamed tissue.RESULTS:Treatment with cinnamon extract inhibited maturation of MHCII+ APCs or CD11c+ dendritic cells(DCs) by suppressing expression of co-stimulatory molecules(B7.1,B7.2,ICOS-L),MHCII and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2.Cinnamon extract induced regulatory DCs(rDCs) that produce low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-12,interferon(IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α] while expressing high levels of immunoregulatory cytokines(IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β).In addition,rDCs generated by cinnamon extract inhibited APC-dependent T-cell proliferation,and converted CD4+ T cells into IL-10high CD4+ T cells.Furthermore,oral administration of cinnamon extract inhibited development and progression of intestinal colitis by inhibiting expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IFN-γ and TNF-α),while enhancing IL-10 levels.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests the potential of cinnamon extract as an anti-inflammatory agent by targeting the generation of regulatory APCs and IL-10+ regulatory T cells.

The human leucocyte differentiation antigens (HLDA) workshops: the evolv-ing role of antibodies in research, diagnosis and therapy

The 8^th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens （chaired by HZ and managed by BS） was run over a 4-year period and culminated in a conference in December 2004. Here we review the achievements of the HLDA Workshops and provide links to information on CD molecules and antibodies against them, including the 93 new CDs assigned in the 8^th Workshop. We consider what remains to be achieved （including an estimate of the number of leucocyte surface molecules still to be discovered）, and how the field can best move forward.

Impact of PRRSV on activation and viability of antigen presenting cells

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) is one of the most important diseases of swine industry. The causal agent, PRRS-virus(PRRSV), is able to evade the host immune response and survive in the organism causing transient infections. Despite all scientific efforts, there are still some gaps in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease. Antigen presenting cells(APCs), as initiators of the immune response, are located in the first line of defense against microorganisms, and are responsible for antigen recognition, processing and presentation. Dendritic cells(DCs) are the main type of APC involved in antigen presentation and they are susceptible to PRRSV infection. Thus, PRRSV replication in DCs may trigger off different mechanisms to impair the onset of a host effective immune response against the virus. On the one side, PRRSV may impair the basic functions of DCs by regulating the expression of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ and CD80/86. Other strategy followed by the virus is the induction of cell death of APCs by apoptosis, necrosis or both of them. The impairment and/or cell death ofAPCs could lead to a failure in the onset of an efficient immune response, as long as cells could not properly activate T cells. Future aspects to take into account are also discussed in this review.

Key role of human leukocyte antigen in modulating human immunodeficiency virus progression: An overview of the possible applications

Host and viral factors deeply influence the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) disease progression. Among them human leukocyte antigen(HLA) locus plays a key role at different levels. In fact, genes of the HLA locus have shown the peculiar capability to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, HLA class Ⅰmolecules are recognized by CD8+ T-cells and natural killers(NK) cells towards the interaction with T cell receptor(TCR) and Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor(KIR) 3DL1 respectively. Polymorphisms within the different HLA alleles generate structural changes in HLA classⅠpeptide-binding pockets. Amino acid changes in the peptide-binding pocket lead to the presentation of a different set of peptides to T and NK cells. This review summarizes the role of HLA in HIV progression toward acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome and its receptors. Recently, many studies have been focused on determining the HLA binding-peptides. The novel use of immune-informatics tools, from the prediction of the HLA-bound peptides to the modification of the HLAreceptor complexes, is considered. A better knowledge of HLA peptide presentation and recognition are allowing new strategies for immune response manipulation to be applied against HIV virus.

Studies on mechanism of Sialy Lewis-X antigen in liver metastases of human colorectal carcinoma

INTRODUCTIONSialyl Lewis-X antigen ,correlated with carcinoma, is a group of carbohydrate antigen containing oligosaccharide expressed of embryonic tisue and glycoproteins on cell surface of embryonic tissue[1].The SLeX antigen located on cell surface is synthesized principally by two enzymes ,al ,3fucosyltransfrease and a2, 3sialyctransferase.In adults ,SLeX antigen is expressed principally on the surfaces of granulocytic cells and some tumor cells .

The Secondary Structure of Heated Whey Protein andIts Hydrolysates Antigenicity

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and circular dichroism(CD) were used to investigate the conformational changes of heated whey protein(WP) and the corresponding changes in the hydrolysates immunoreactivity were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results showed that the contents of α-helix and β-sheet of WP did not decrease much under mild heating conditions and the antigenicity was relatively high;when the heating intensity increased(70 ℃ for 25 min or 75 ℃ for 20 min),the content of α-helix and β-sheet decreased to the minimum,so was the antigenicity;However,when the WP was heated at even higher temperature and for a longer time,the β-sheet associated with protein aggregation begun to increase and the antigenicity increased correspondingly.It was concluded that the conformations of heated WP and the antigenicity of its hydrolysates are related and the optimum structure for decreasing the hydrolysates antigeniity is the least content of α-helix and β-sheet.Establishing the relationship between the WP secondary structure and WP hydrolysates antigenicity is significant to supply the reference for antigenicity reduction by enzymolysis.

EXPRESSION CLONING OF A PROTECTIVE LEISHMANIA ANTIGEN

Parasite-specific CD8+ T cells have been shown to transfer protection against nLeishmania major in susceptible BALB/c mice.An epitope-tagged expression library was used to identify the antigen recognized by a protective CD8+ T cells clone. The expression library allowed recombinant proteins made in bacteria to be captured by macrophages for presentation to T cells restricted to major histompatibility complex class n. A conserved 36-kilodalton member of the tryptophanaspartic acid repeat family of proteins was identified that was expressed in both stages of the parasite life cycle. A 24-kilodalton portion of this antigen protected susceptible mice when administered as a vaccine with interleukin-12before injection.

CD44表达量对胶质母细胞瘤患者预后的影响分析

目的探讨CD44表达量对胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)患者预后的影响。方法选取2021年7月1日至2023年8月31日解放军总医院第一医学中心收治的102例GBM患者为研究对象,以术中切除肿瘤组织CD44积分光密度(IOD)的平均值为分界线,将研究对象分为CD44高表达组(IOD≥699023,51例)和CD44低表达组(IOD<699023,51例)。比较分析两组患者的一般资料、生存结局。采用单因素分析及Cox多因素回归方法分析GBM患者总生存率的影响因素。结果两组患者的性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。患者术后随访时间2.6~27.5个月,中位随访时间15.0个月,10例患者存活,其中CD44高表达组有3例患者存活,CD44低表达组有7例患者存活,CD44低表达组患者的中位总生存期为18.3个月,CD44高表达组患者的中位总生存期为13.6个月,log-rank检验结果显示,CD44低表达组患者的总生存率高于CD44高表达组(χ^(2)=22.233,P<0.001)。术后放化疗、手术切除程度、肿瘤性质、MGMT启动子甲基化状态、CD44表达量与GBM患者的总生存率显著相关(P<0.05)。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,原发GEM、术后放化疗、完全切除、MGMT启动子甲基化、CD44低表达均为GBM患者总生存率的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论CD44表达量与GBM患者的预后显著相关,且CD44低表达为GBM患者总生存率的独立保护因素。

CD133、CD44在肺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征的相关性

目的探讨CD133、CD44在肺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征间的关系。方法选取80例肺癌患者,均行手术治疗,术中采集肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织,开展免疫组化染色法,统计CD133、CD44在肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织内的表达情况,并分析CD133、CD44表达与年龄、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、TNM分期间的关系。结果肿瘤组织内CD133、CD44阳性率为63.25%、68.75%,高于癌旁正常组织的7.50%、11.25%(P<0.05);CD133阳性组中淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥3 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ期的患者占比为33.96%、56.60%、35.85%,高于阴性组的3.70%、29.63%、7.41%(P<0.05);CD44阳性组中淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥3 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ期的患者占比为32.73%、56.36%、36.36%,高于阴性组的4.00%、28.00%、4.00%(P<0.05)。结论CD133、CD44在肺癌组织中存在较高阳性表达,且与淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径及分期关系密切,或可为临床治疗提供参考。

木兰花碱调控CD44s/STAT3通路对肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭及干性特征的影响实验研究

目的:探讨木兰花碱(Mag)对肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭、干性特征的影响及其作用机制。方法:使用不同浓度的Mag(0、10、20、40、80、160μmol/L)作用于肺癌细胞A549,检测细胞存活率,根据半抑制浓度(IC 50)值选择10、20、40μmol/L Mag进行后续实验。将肺癌细胞A549随机分为A549组、Mag-L组(10μmol/L Mag培养基培养)、Mag-M组(20μmol/L Mag培养基培养)、Mag-H组(40μmol/L Mag培养基培养)和Mag-H+信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)激活剂Colivelin组(40μmol/L Mag+10μmol/L Colivelin培养基培养)。采用平板克隆形成实验检测各组细胞克隆形成数量。采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率。采用Transwell实验检测各组细胞迁移及侵袭能力。采用肿瘤细胞成球实验检测细胞干性。采用Western blot检测各组细胞CD44s/STAT3通路及细胞干性相关蛋白表达。结果:与A549组比较,Mag-L组、Mag-M组、Mag-H组细胞克隆形成数量、迁移及侵袭细胞数、干细胞成球数和细胞中CD44s、STAT3、CD133、八聚体结合转录因子4(OCT4)、SRY-box转录因子2(SOX2)表达水平逐渐降低,而细胞凋亡率逐渐升高(均P<0.05)。在高浓度Mag的基础上加入STAT3激活剂Colivelin逆转了以上指标的变化趋势。结论:Mag能够抑制肺癌细胞迁移、侵袭及干性特征,其机制可能与下调CD44s/STAT3通路有关。

CD44通过影响猪流行性腹泻病毒复制调节钠氢交换体3活性

本研究旨在研究CD44(cluster of differentiation 44)对感染猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)的猪小肠上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)中钠氢交换体3(NHE3)表达及膜转移的影响。以IPEC-J2为细胞模型,采用RT-qPCR和Western blot检测感染PEDV后不同时间点IPEC-J2细胞中NHE3和PEDV N表达量变化;转染质粒调控IPEC-J2中CD44表达后,采用TCID50和Western blot检测PEDV感染后不同时间点PEDV复制水平和NHE3蛋白表达变化,采用火焰原子吸收法检测IPEC-J2细胞内外Na^(+)浓度变化。转录组数据和细胞试验结果显示,与对照组相比,PEDV感染后IPEC-J2细胞中CD44蛋白表达水平和mRNA表达量均呈上调趋势,24~48 h内上升显著(P<0.05),而PEDV N蛋白表达水平在12~48 h内则呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。此外,CD44重组质粒转染试验结果显示,与PEDV感染组相比,过表达CD44后感染PEDV组细胞中病毒滴度和PEDV N蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),而干扰CD44后感染PEDV组细胞中病毒滴度和PEDV N蛋白表达水平则显著上升(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,高表达CD44具有抑制PEDV复制的作用,干扰CD44后PEDV复制增多。同时,为研究PEDV感染情况下,CD44是否参与了IPEC-J2细胞中NHE3表达的调节,采用Western blot和火焰原子吸收法检测了调节CD44后膜NHE3蛋白的表达水平和细胞内外Na^(+)浓度。结果表明,过表达CD44显著促进了膜NHE3蛋白的表达和活性(P<0.05),细胞内外Na^(+)浓度逐渐恢复正常水平。相反,干扰CD44显著降低了膜NHE3蛋白的表达和活性(P<0.05),细胞内外Na^(+)浓度呈现失衡状态。结果提示,CD44可能是缓解PEDV引发仔猪腹泻的潜在治疗靶点,它通过抑制IPEC-J2细胞中PEDV的复制来增加转移至质膜上的NHE3数量,从而维持细胞内外Na^(+)运转平衡。

CD44异构体在HER23+阳性乳腺癌中的表达及其与预后的关系

背景跨膜蛋白CD44与癌细胞侵袭和转移行为有密切关系,其异构体CD44v6和CD44v8-10在HER23+阳性乳腺癌中的作用尚不明确。目的分析CD44异构体CD44v6和CD44v8-10在HER23+阳性乳腺癌中的表达及其与预后的关系。方法收集2019年1月—2022年6月就诊于东莞市妇幼保健院乳腺科经术前粗针穿刺活检确诊HER23+,并接受新辅助治疗后行手术切除的乳腺癌患者。应用免疫组织化学(IHC)对乳腺癌标本进行CD44v6和CD44v8-10染色,分析两者与HER2、雌激素受体、孕激素受体等临床病理特征和病理完全缓解(pathologic complete response,pCR)之间的关系。结果86例HER23+阳性乳腺癌患者年龄(46.99±10.01)岁,均为女性。全部患者均表现出CD44异构体异质性表达,其中55例(64.0%)CD44v6高表达,58例(67.4%)CD44v8-10高表达。CD44v6高表达组的ER阳性率(76.4%vs 48.4%,P=0.017)、PR阳性率(78.2%vs 19.4%,P<0.001)和Ki67阳性指数(81.8%vs 61.3%,P=0.043)均高于CD44v6低表达组,差异有统计学意义。CD44v8-10高表达组的PR阳性率(70.7%vs 28.6%,P<0.001)和淋巴结转移发生率(72.4%vs 14.3%,P<0.001)均高于CD44v8-10低表达组,差异有统计学意义。此外,CD44v6低表达组和CD44v8-10低表达组的pCR率均显著高于CD44v6高表达组(54.8%vs 30.9%,P=0.039)和CD44v8-10高表达组(71.4%vs 24.1%,P<0.001),差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示HER2弥漫3+和CD44v8-10高表达的患者pCR率更低(OR=5.281,95%CI:1.346~20.718,P=0.017;OR=5.062,95%CI:1.232~20.799,P=0.024)。结论CD44异构体与HER23+阳性乳腺癌的恶性特征相关,CD44v8-10可作为HER2弥漫3+预后不良的标志物。

SMAD3和CD44在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的探讨信号转导分子3(SMAD3)和白细胞分化抗原44(CD44)在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织中的表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法选取2019年6月-2020年6月收治的PTC患者88例为研究对象,同期取距离癌组织3 cm以上癌旁组织作为对照,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平;免疫组化法检测SMAD3和CD44的阳性表达情况。Spearman相关性分析PTC患者癌组织中SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平的关系。SMAD3和CD44与PTC患者预后的关系采用Kaplan-Meier法进行分析。COX回归分析影响PTC患者预后的危险因素。结果与癌旁组织相比,PTC组SMAD3的表达水平显著降低(t=8.484,P<0.05),CD44表达水平显著升高(t=11.232,P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,PTC患者癌组织中SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平呈负相关(r s=-0.519,P<0.05)。与癌旁组织相比,PTC组SMAD3阳性表达率显著降低(χ^(2)=41.905,P<0.05),CD44阳性表达率显著升高(χ^(2)=62.888,P<0.05)。SMAD3表达与TNM分期(χ^(2)=7.678,P=0.006)、淋巴结转移(χ^(2)=20.398,P<0.05)、侵犯包膜(χ^(2)=9.881,P=0.002)有关。CD44表达与TNM分期(χ^(2)=3.959,P=0.047)、淋巴结转移(χ^(2)=20.702,P<0.05)、侵犯包膜(χ^(2)=10.363,P=0.001)有关。术后随访3年发现,SMAD3阳性表达PTC患者生存率高于阴性表达患者生存率(χ^(2)=4.644,P=0.031)。CD44阳性表达PTC患者生存率显著低于阴性表达患者生存率(χ^(2)=5.331,P=0.021)。多因素COX回归分析显示,淋巴结转移、SMAD3和CD44表达是影响PTC患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PTC组织中SMAD3呈异常低表达,CD44呈高表达,其水平与PTC患者临床病理特征及预后有关。

苏木对肺癌干细胞荷瘤小鼠原发肿瘤CD44v6表达的影响

目的研究苏木对肺癌干细胞样细胞PG-BE1荷瘤小鼠原发瘤中CD44v6蛋白表达的影响。方法利用无血清培养法分选PG-BE1细胞中的干细胞样细胞,将干细胞样细胞亚群接种于小鼠下肢脚垫。采用药物对小鼠进行干预,第21天剥取小鼠原发瘤组织,采用Western Blot法、免疫组化法检测原发瘤组织CD44v6的表达。结果原发瘤重方面,苏木联合顺铂组较空白组、苏木组和顺铂组减少(P<0.05)。苏木加顺铂组较顺铂组、苏木组、空白组CD44V6表达较少(P<0.05)。免疫组化法检测苏木在原发瘤组织中CD44v6均有表达。结论苏木可以协同顺铂减少CD44v6蛋白的表达从而增加肺癌干细胞样细胞荷瘤小鼠模型原发肿瘤的抑瘤率。

CD44的生物特征及在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

CD44是一种复杂的跨膜糖蛋白,在肿瘤干细胞上过度表达。CD44表达失调与肿瘤发生和发展有关。CD44参与多种重要信号通路的调控,与肿瘤增殖、侵袭、转移和治疗耐药密切相关。CD44过度表达抑制化疗药物在多种癌症中的细胞毒作用。因此,CD44可以作为癌症患者的不良预后标志物。CD44过度表达为化疗耐药患者的治疗干预提供新的分子靶点。本篇综述重点概述CD44的结构功能,CD44在肿瘤细胞干性和肿瘤发生发展中的作用,及与癌症患者预后的关系。