HSPA5 CD44v6在子宫内膜癌的表达及临床价值

目的探讨热休克蛋白5(HSPA5)和CD44v6在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床价值。方法选取2018年1月至2020年12月上海市长宁区妇幼保健院手术切除的93例子宫内膜癌标本,用免疫组织化学方法作HSPA5和CD44v6的表达检测,结合其临床病理指标,进行统计学分析。结果在93例子宫内膜癌中,HSPA5、CD44v6表达的阳性率分别为71.0%(66/93)和65.6%(61/93)。HSPA5在子宫内膜癌的不同病理分期、是否绝经及肿瘤浸润子宫壁深度不同(浸润子宫壁深度<1/2组;浸润子宫壁深度≥1/2组)的表达结果差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);而HSPA5在子宫内膜癌的不同组织学类型、淋巴结有无转移组的表达结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.005)。CD44v6在子宫内膜癌的不同临床分期、是否绝经及不同组织学类型的表达结果差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);而CD44v6在肿瘤浸润子宫壁不同深度(浸润子宫壁深度<1/2组;浸润子宫壁深度≥1/2组)、淋巴结有无转移组的表达结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001,P<0.005)。结论HSPA5、CD44v6在子宫内膜癌中存在高表达,二者与子宫内膜癌的生物学行为有关,在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展中有着重要的调控作用。同步进行HSPA5、CD44v6在子宫内膜癌的表达检测,在判断其预后和指导其临床治疗上有重要价值。

Levels of v5 and v6 CD44 splice variants in serum of patients with colorectal cancer are not correlated with pT stage,histopathological grade of malignancy and clinical features

AIM:This study was designed to compare the levels of v5 and v6 splice variants of CD44 evaluated using EITSA test in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer in different stages of progression of the disease estimated in pT stage according to WHO score,histopathological grade of malignancy and some clinicopathological features. METHODS:The serum obtained from 114 persons with colorectal adenocarcinomas was examined using ELISA method,pT stage and grade of malignancy of the tumour were examined in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded materials obtained during operation. RESULTS:Only the level of CD44 v5 in the serum of patients before operation with G2 pT4 tumour was lower than that in other probes and the difference was statistically significant. We did not find any other correlations between the level of v5 and v6 CD44 variants and other evaluated parameters. CONCLUSION:The level of CD44 v5 and v6 estimated by ELISA test in the serum can not be used as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.

CD133 和 CD44 在胃腺癌中的表达及其与 E-cadherin 的关系

目的探讨原发性胃腺癌(gastric adenocarcinoma,GAC)组织中CD133、CD44和E-cadherin蛋白表达的关系及临床病理意义。方法应用免疫组织化学ElivisionTMplus法检测145例胃腺癌组织和30例正常胃黏膜组织中CD133、CD44和E-cadherin蛋白的表达。结果在正常胃黏膜组织中,CD133、CD44和E-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达率分别为10.0%、3.3%和100%;在GAC组中,CD133、CD44和E-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达率分别为46.9%、47.6%和42.8%,两组之间,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。CD133、CD44和E-cadherin蛋白的表达水平均与肿瘤的大小、分化程度、淋巴结转移与否、浸润深度、临床分期及术后生存期有关(全部P<0.05);CD133的表达与CD44的表达呈正相关(P<0.05),CD133和CD44的表达均与E-cadherin的表达呈负相关(P<0.005)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明,CD133和CD44蛋白表达阳性的患者其生存率明显低于其阴性表达患者(P<0.001);Ecadherin蛋白表达阳性的患者其生存率明显高于其阴性表达患者。Cox回归分析:CD133、CD44和E-cadherin的表达是影响GAC患者术后生存率的独立预后因素。结论 CD133、CD44和E-cadherin的表达水平在GAC组织中与肿瘤组织的大小、分化程度、临床分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移与否及预后等均有关;在GAC组织中联合检测CD133、CD44和E-cadherin对判断预后有价值。

hTERT CD44v6在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨hTERT、CD44v6的表达与大肠癌发生、浸润转移及预后的关系。方法:对大肠腺瘤组织及大肠癌组织进行免疫组织化学染色,分析hTERT及CD44v6在大肠癌中表达的相关性。结果:hTERT及CD44v6在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为70.73%、53.66%,明显高于大肠腺瘤组织中的10.53%、10.53%(P<0.01);hTERT及CD44v6在有淋巴结转移的大肠癌患者的阳性表达率分别为93.33%、86.67%,明显高于无淋巴转移患者的阳性表达率53.85%、38.46%(P<0.01);hTERT及CD44v6在TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期大肠癌患者的阳性表达率分别为94.12%、82.35%,明显高于TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期的54.17%、33_33%(P<0.01);在生存期<5年大肠癌中的阳性表达率分别为90.91%、77.27%,明显高于生存期≥5年的47.37%、26.32%(P<0.01);hTERT和CD44v6在性别、年龄、肿物大小、肿物位置及浸润深度中的阳性表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:hTERT和CD44v6在大肠癌组织中具有高表达,特别是在有淋巴结转移、TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期和生存期<5年组中有较高表达,说明两者可能在大肠癌的发生、浸润转移过程中起着重要作用,并且与大肠癌患者的预后有关;联合检测hTERT和CD44v6可以作为大肠癌浸润转移的判断和预后评估的参考指标。

p53 CD44V6及nm23/NDPK在非小细胞肺癌中表达的相关性分析

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中p53、CD44V6及nm23/NDPK表达的相关性及预后意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法对69例NSCLC组织中p53、CD44V6及nm23/NDPK进行检测。结果:p53、CD44V6及nm23/NDPK的表达与NSCLC患者的临床分期(P<0.05,P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(P<0.05,P<0.01)及生存率(P<0.05)密切相关。p53、CD44V6表达与nm23/NDPK在NSCLC中的表达呈明显负相关(P<0.01)。结论:联合检测NSCLC中p53、CD44V6及nm23/NDPK的表达对于判断预后和指导治疗可能具有实用价值。

Bcl-2 Survivin CD44v6的表达HPV_(16/18)感染及其与宫颈癌发生的相关性探讨

目的:研究Bcl-2、Survivin、CD44v6在宫颈癌的表达及其与HPV16/18感染的相关性,以探讨宫颈癌的发生机制。方法:采用免疫组化对宫颈癌、上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)和正常宫颈进行Bcl-2、Survivin、CD44v6的检测,同时采用PCR检测HPV16/18感染情况。结果:Bcl-2、Survivin、CD44v6的阳性率在宫颈癌与CIN、正常宫颈间有显著差异,且随着临床分期、病理分级的升高阳性率差异有显著性,其阳性率与淋巴结转移有关。HPV16/18在正常宫颈组织、CIN和宫颈癌中的阳性率逐渐升高,差异有显著性。Bcl-2和Survivin均与HPV16/18感染有相关性。结论:宫颈癌中Bcl-2、Survivin、CD44v6的异常表达和HPV16/18感染有关,与宫颈癌的恶变程度有关,可作为宫颈癌筛查预后判断的有利指标。

VEGF CD44v6 MMP-9在子宫内膜异位症组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、黏附分子CD44v6、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的作用及临床意义。方法通过免疫组化S-P法分别对60例卵巢异位内膜、52例子宫内膜异位症在位子宫内膜和44例正常子宫内膜组织分别行VEGF、CD44v6和MMP-9的检测,并进行观察和对比。结果 VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-9在卵巢异位内膜中的表达与在位内膜组和正常内膜组比较,有明显增强(P<0.01);在位内膜与正常子宫内膜相比,VEGF在位内膜中的表达高于正常内膜中的表达,有统计学意义(P<0.01),CD44v6及MMP-9在在位内膜中的表达略高于正常内膜中的表达,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 VEGF、CD44v6、MMP-9在卵巢异位内膜中呈高表达状态,异位内膜组VEGF和CD44v6之间呈正相关(r1=0.462,χ2=42.038,P=0.000);MMP-9与CD44v6之间呈正相关(r2=0.558,χ2=70.534,P=0.000);MMP-9与VEGF呈正相关(r3=0.397,χ2=29.187,P=0.000),表明与异位内膜的高侵袭性和高血管新生能力有关,可能在EMS的发生发展中起重要作用。

Effects of body-resistance strengthening and tumor-suppressing granules on immune adhesion function of red blood cells and expression of metastasis protein CD44 in tumor cells of patients with esophageal carcinoma

AIM： To investigate the effects of Fuzheng Yiliu granules （body-resistance strengthening and tumor-suppressing granules） in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS： We compared the immune adherent properties of red blood cells （RBCs）, the expression of metastasis protein CD44, and the metastasis inhibition factor nm23, in esophageal carcinoma tumor cells of patients before and after radiotherapy in the presence and absence of orally administered Fuzheng Yiliu granules. Sixty-three hospitalized patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with standard radiotherapy and randomly divided into treatment group （n = 30） treated with both radiotherapy and Fuzheng Yiliu granules and control group （n = 33） given radiotherapy only. Blood samples and tumor tissue were obtained before and after 21 d of treatment. The rosette rates for complement receptor type 3b （C3bRR） and immune complex receptor （ICRR） on RBCs were measured by erythrocyte immunological methods. Expression of CD44 and rim23 in tumor tissue sections was determined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies CD44v6 ad nm23H-1, respectively. RESULTS： The positivity of RBC-C3bRR before and after 21 d of treatment increased from 7.78% ± 1.59% to 10.03% ± 2.01% in the double treatment group, while it changed only slightly from 7.18% ± 1.29% to 7.46% ± 1.12% in the radiotherapy group. The positive rate for RBC-ICRR decreased from 37.68% ± 2.51% to 22.55% ± 1.65% after the double treatment, and from 37.28% ± 2.41% to 24.69% ± 1.91% in radiotherapy group at the same time points. The difference in erythrocyte immune adherent function between the two groups was significant （P 〈 0.01, t-test）. The CD44^± - cases were reduced from 21 （70.00%） to 12 （40.00%） after treatment with Fuzheng Yiliu granules, whereas the CD44^± -cases （69.70%） in the radiotherapy group remained unchanged. The difference between the treatment （40.00%） and control （69.70%） groups was significant （P 〈 0.05）. Although the nm23^± -cases were increased from 4 （13.33%） to 6 （20.00%） in the double treatment group and from 6 （18.18%） to 7 （21.21%） in the radiotherapy group, the difference was not significant （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Fuzheng Yiliu granules enhance the immune adhesion function of RBCs and reduce the number of CD44^± -cells in esophageal carcinoma patients, suggesting a potential role of these Chinese herbals in suppression of invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. However, this anti-metastatic effect has yet to be validated in vivo.

The human leucocyte differentiation antigens (HLDA) workshops: the evolv-ing role of antibodies in research, diagnosis and therapy

The 8^th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens （chaired by HZ and managed by BS） was run over a 4-year period and culminated in a conference in December 2004. Here we review the achievements of the HLDA Workshops and provide links to information on CD molecules and antibodies against them, including the 93 new CDs assigned in the 8^th Workshop. We consider what remains to be achieved （including an estimate of the number of leucocyte surface molecules still to be discovered）, and how the field can best move forward.

KAI1 CD44v3表达与喉癌的相关性研究

目的了解喉癌组织中KAI1和CD44v3表达的情况,探讨其在喉癌中的意义及与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学(SP)法分别检测40例喉癌患者的咽喉黏膜组织、30例正常体检者咽喉黏膜组织中KAI1和CD44v3的表达水平。并分析两者在喉癌不同分化程度、临床分期、有无淋巴结转移的癌组织中表达的差异及其相关性。结果癌组织中KAI1的表达低于在正常咽喉黏膜组织中的表达(χ2=8.86,P<0.01),在癌组织中表达与分化程度、临床分期及是否有淋巴结转移无关(P>0.05),但阳性表达的强度与临床分期及是否有淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);CD44v3在癌组织中的表达高于正常咽喉黏膜组织(χ2=18.36,P<0.01),表达与临床分期及是否有淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与分化程度无关。KAI1及CD44v3在癌组织中的表达具有相关性(χ2cs=4.19,P<0.05),关联系数r=0.67。结论KAI1的表达可能抑制喉癌的发生及转移过程,CD44v3可能促进了喉癌的发生和转移。

Construction of cell lines with CD44 cDNA and its application in hepatocellular carcinoma

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原代口腔鳞癌细胞的分离培养及CD133 CD44的表达

目的探讨从人新鲜口腔鳞癌组织中培养原代鳞癌细胞的方法以及干细胞表面标志物CD133、CD44表达量的检测情况。方法选取该院2016~2017年行口腔鳞状细胞癌切除术的新鲜肿瘤标本6例,应用机械法获得原代口腔鳞癌细胞并用酶消化法传代。应用细胞形态学及角蛋白免疫组化方法对原代鳞癌细胞进行鉴定。流式细胞仪技术检测鳞癌细胞中干细胞表面标志物CD133、CD44的表达情况。结果(1)成功培养出纯化的口腔鳞癌细胞,并能成功传代,至目前为止已传至27代。(2)培养出的OSCCs呈多边形铺路石状,角蛋白染色其胞浆中可见阳性棕色染色。(3)流式细胞检测鳞癌细胞中干细胞表面标志物CD133的平均表达率为0.41%、CD44的平均表达率为33.76%。结论从人新鲜口腔鳞癌标本中利用机械法可成功获得大量原代口腔鳞癌细胞并能顺利传代,口腔鳞癌细胞中干细胞表面标志物CD44表达偏高,CD133的表达量明显偏低。

Expressions of osteopontin and CD44v6 and their clinical significance in pituitary adenomas

Objective To explore expressions of osteopontin (OPN) and CD44v6 in pituitary adenomas and to evaluate relationship between expressions and invasiveness of tumor. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expressions of OPN and CD44v6 in 80 pituitary adenomas,and

Osteopontin increases hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in a CD44 dependant manner

AIM:To investigate the role of osteopontin(OPN) and its splice variants in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:The expression of OPN variants in HCC cell lines as well as HCC tissue samples and nontumour tissue was studied using polymerase chain reaction.OPN variant cDNAs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector allowing both transient expression and the production of stable OPN expressing cell lines.OPN expression was studied in these cells using Western blotting,immunofluoresnce and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.A CD44 blocking antibody and siRNA targeting of CD44 were used to examine the role of this receptor in the OPN stimulated cell growth observed in culture.Huh-7 cells stably expressing either OPN-A,-B or-C were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of nude mice to observe in vivo tumour growth.Expression of OPN mRNA and protein in these tumours was examined using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:OPN is expressed in HCC in 3 forms,the full length OPN-A and 2 splice variants OPN-B and-C.OPN variant expression was noted in HCC tissue as well as cognate surrounding cirrhotic liver tissue.Expression of these OPN variants in the HCC derived cell line Huh-7 resulted in secretion of OPN into the culture medium.Transfer of OPN conditioned media to na ve Huh-7 and HepG2 cells resulted in significant cell growth suggesting that all OPN variants can modulate cell proliferation in a paracrine manner.Furthermore the OPN mediated increase in cellular proliferation was dependent on CD44 as only CD44 positive cell lines responded to OPN conditioned media while siRNA knockdown of CD44 blocked the proliferative effect.OPN expression also increased the proliferation of Huh-7 cells in a subcutaneous nude mouse tumour model,with Huh-7 cells expressing OPN-A showing the greatest proliferative effect.CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that OPN plays a significant role in the proliferation of HCC through interaction with the cell surface receptor CD44.Modulation of this interaction could represent a novel strategy for the control of HCC.

Expression and significance of CD44s, CD44v6, and nm23 mRNA in human cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of nm23 mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6,and oncogenesis, development and metastasis of human gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma,intraductal carcinoma of breast, and lung cancer.METHODS: Using tissue microarray by immuhistochemical (IHC) staining and in situ hybri-dization (ISH), we examined the expression levels of nm23mRNA, CD44s, and CD44v6 in 62 specimens of human gastric adenocarcinoma and 62 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma; the expression of CD44s and CD44v6in 120 specimens of intraductal carcinoma of breast and 20 specimens of normal breast tissue; the expression of nm23 mRNA in 72 specimens of human lung cancer and 23 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer.RESULTS: The expression of nm23 mRNA in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was not significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＞0.05), and was not associated with the invasion of tumor and the pathology grade of adenocarcinoma (P＞0.05). However, the expression of nm23 mRNA was correlated negatively to the lymph node metastasis of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma (r = -0.49, P＜0.01; r = -4.93, P＜0.01). The expression of CD44s in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly different from that in the normal tissues adjacent to cancer (P＜0.05;P＜0.01). CD44v6 was expressed in the tissues of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma only, the expression of CD44v6 was significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion and pathological grade of the tumor (r = 0.47, P＜0.01; r = 5.04, P＜0.01). CD44sand CD44v6 were expressed in intraductal carcinoma of breast, the expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and invasion (P＜0.01). However, neither of them was expressed in the normal breast tissue. In addition, the expression of CD44v6 was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation of intraductal carcinoma of breast (x2= 5.68, P＜0.05). The expressional level of nm23mRNA was closely related to the degree of cell differentiation (P＜0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01), but the expression of nm23 gene was not related to sex, age, and type of histological classification (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with overexpression of CD44s and CD44v6 and low expression of nm23 mRNA have a higher lymph node metastatic rate and invasion. In addition, overexpression of CD44v6 is closely related to the degree of cell differentiation. Detection of the three genes is able to provide a reliable index to evaluate the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.

The expression and clinical significance of CD44v in human gastric cancers

INTRODUCTIONCD44 was originally implicated as a'homing'receptor directing the migration of recirculatinglymphocytes.CD44 expression has beenconfirmed not only in lymphocytes but also in awide variety of epithelial tissues.It is considered asan important cell adhesion molecule for cell to cellinteractions.Molecular cloning and analysis

Expression of human chorionic gonadotropin, CD44v6 and CD44v4/5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM： To study the relationship between the expression of human chorionic gonadotropin （HCG）, CD44v6, CD44v4/5 and the infiltration, metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS： By labeled streptavidin-biotin technique, the expressions of HCG, CD44v6, and CD44v4/5 in 42 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined. RESULTS： The positive rate of HCG expression in patients with lymph node metastasis was 85.71% （18/21）, higher than that （57.14%, 12/21） in those without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of CD44v6 expression was 71.43% （15/21） in lymph node metastasis group, and 38.09% （8/21） in nonmetastasis group; there was a significant difference between the two groups （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of CD44v4/5 expression was 76.19% （16/21） in lymph node metastasis group, and 42.86% （9/21） in non-metastasis group; there was also a significant difference between them （P〈0.05）. From grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅲ in differentiation, the positive rate of HCG expression was 84.62% （11/13）, 70.59% （12/17） and 58.33% （7/12）, respectively, there was no significant difference among them （P〉0.05）. The positive rate of CD44v6 expression in grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ of cancer tissues was 76.92% （10/13）, 52.94% （9/17）, and 33.33% （4/12） respectively; there was no significant difference among them. The positive rate of CD44v4/5 expression in grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ of cancer tissues was 69.23% （9/13）, 64.71% （11/17）, and 41.67% （5/12） respectively; there was no significant difference among the three groups. There was no correlation between the positive rates of HCG and CD44v6, CD44v4/5 expression. Cancer cells in carcinomatous emboli and those infiltrating into vascular wall strongly expressed HCG, CD44v6, and CD44v4/5. CONCLUSION： Expression of HCG, CD44v6, and CD44v4/5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to its infiltration and metastasis. HCG, CD44v6, and CD44v4/5 have different effects on the infiltration and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Prognostic significance of PTEN,Ki-67 and CD44s expression patterns in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM:To develop a prognostic approach for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) using a cluster of indicators and follow-up information.METHODS:One hundred and four GISTs that had not been subjected to targeted therapies were collected and classified by NIH risk assessment and anatomic location.By immunohistochemistry,the expressions of PTEN,Ki-67,CD44s matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 and TIMP-1 were detected on tissue microarray.Univariate and multimarker survival analyses were performed and then a COX hazard proportion model was constructed to evaluate a cluster of predictors of GIST.RESULTS:Our data showed small intestinal GIST are more aggressive than gastric GIST.The NIH risk assessment correlated with disease-free survival foreither gastric GIST or small intestinal GIST.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Ki-67 labeling indexes(LIs) < 5% predicted higher disease-specific survival(DSS) in gastric and small intestinal GIST.CD44s positivity and PTEN LIs ≥ 50% correlated with higher DSS in gastric GIST.MMP-9 and TIMP-1 had no correlation with survival.Multimarker analysis revealed that the expression pattern of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% combined with Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity reliably predicted favorable outcomes for gastric GIST(P = 0.009),as did the combination of PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% for small intestinal GIST(P = 0.011).Authors also found that high NIH risk grade was correlated with DSS in patients with gastric GIST and disease-free survival in patients with small intestinal GIST.CONCLUSION:PTEN LIs ≥ 50%,Ki-67 LIs < 5% and CD44s positivity provides an accurate,favorable prognosis for gastric GIST.PTEN LIs ≥ 50% and Ki-67 LIs < 5% does the same for small intestinal GIST.Ki-67 LIs enhances the NIH assessment.

Role of VEGF and CD44v6 in differentiating benign from malignant ascites

AIM: To detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and soluble splice variant 6 of CD44 (sCD44v6) levels in ascites and to explore their role in differentiating benign from malignant ascites.METHODS: Cirrhotic ascites (n=36), tuberculosis ascites (n=8) and malignant ascites (n=23) were collected and studied. Concentrations of soluble VEGF and sCD44v6 in various kinds of ascites (n=67) were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.RESULTS: VEGF and sCD44v6 levels in malignant ascites were 640.74±264.81 pg/ml and 89.22±38.20 ng/ml,respectively, both of which were significantly higher than those in cirrhotic ascites and tuberculous ascites (q=18.98,11.89 and q=8.92, 5.09; P<0.01). However, the levels of VEGF and sCD44v6 in cirrhotic and tuberculous ascites had no significant difference (q=0.48, 0.75; P>0.05).Furthermore, VEGF levels in malignant ascites in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those with gastric and colon cancer (q=5.03, 6.79; P<0.01, respectively). But differences of VEGF levels between gastric and colon cancer were not significant (q=1.90, P>0.05). Whereas, sCD44v6 levels in malignant ascites from patients with ovadan, gastric and colon cancer had no significant difference (q=0.06, 0.91,0.35;P>0.05, respectirely). In comparison with cirrhotic and tuberculous ascites, when the upper limit of its VEGF mean levels 119.44 pg/ml (70.90±48.54) and sCD44v6 mean levels 63.59 ng/ml (44.42±19.17) was taken as the minimum cutoff limit, the sensitivity and specificity of VEGF and sCD44v6 of this assay to the diagnos is of malignant ascites were 91.3 %, 90.9 % and 73.9 %, 88.7 % respectively.CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of VEGF and sCD44v6 may be useful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites.

Micro RNA-145 exerts tumor-suppressive and chemoresistance lowering effects by targeting CD44 in gastric cancer

AIM To determine the potential roles of CD4 and micro RNA(mi R)-145 in gastric cancer.METHODS The levels of CD44 and mi R-145 were determined in gastric cancer cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure to the level of CD44 m RNA. A luciferase reporter assay and western blotting were performed to examine the effect of mi R-145 on CD44 expression. Tumor sphere and MTT assays were carried out to evaluate the self-renewal and chemo-resistance properties of gastric cancer cells.RESULTS The expression of CD44 was greatly increased and mi R-145 was decreased in gastric cancer cells that were highly enriched in cancer stem cells(CSCs). The results demonstrated that mi R-145 regulated CD44 by targeting directly the CD44 3'-untranslated region(3'-UTR). In gastric cancer cells, overexpression of mi R-145 repressed the activity of the CD44 3'-UTR, and disruption of mi R-145/CD44 3'-UTR interactions abrogated the silencing effects. In addition, mi R-145 inhibition stimulated CD44 3'-UTR activity and disruption of mi R-145/CD44 3'-UTR interactions abrogated this stimulatory effect. Enforced CD44 expression greatly increased tumor sphere formation and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of CSCs and the chemo-sensitivity of gastric cancer cells treated with mi R-145 were significantly abrogated by overexpression of CD44. CONCLUSION mi R-145 targeting of CD44 plays critical roles in the regulation of tumor growth and chemo-resistance in gastric cancer.