Responses of growth performance,antioxidant function,small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers

This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.

Functional properties,antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of brown and polished rice flours of Indian temperate region

The present investigation was aimed to study functional properties,antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of brown and polished flours obtained from four rice cultivars(SR-4,K-39,Mushq Budij and Zhag)of Kashmir.Brown rice flours had higher total dietary fibre(3.08%-3.68%),oil absorption(116.0%-139.0%),emulsion capacity(4.78%-9.52%),emulsion stability(87.46%-99.93%)and resistant starch content(6.80%-9.00%)than polished flours.However,polished flours presented greater water absorption(102.0%-122.0%),foaming capacity(8.00%-13.63%),apparent amylose(19.16%-22.62%),peak(2260.0-2408.0 cP),trough(1372.0-1589.0 cP)and breakdown(714.0-978.0 cP)viscosities than their brown counterparts.Brown rice flours depicted highest total phenolic content(4.40-6.40 mg GAE/g)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(19.50%-33.20%).However,equilibrium starch hydrolysis percentage(C∞)and predicted glycemic index of brown rice flours were lower than their polished counterparts.Among rice cultivars,brown Zhag flour had the highest total dietary fibre(3.68%),emulsion capacity(9.52%),emulsion stability(99.93%),resistant starch(9.00%),DPPH radical scavenging activity(85.45%)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(33.20%),respectively.Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability were positively correlated with protein content of rice flours.However,peak,trough,breakdown and setback viscosities were negatively correlated with protein and fat contents of rice flour.The present investigation will be helpful in identifying nutritive role of rice flours from studied cultivars in human diet.

Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

Long-term feeding of sand rice(Agriophyllum squarrosum seed)can improve the antioxidant capacity of mice

Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods. Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.) Moq., a pioneer plant native to sand dunes with ecological restoration function, is a traditional food plant of sand regions and Mongolian folk medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed that A. squarrosum seed, also called sand rice, has high nutritional value. However, the long-term health effects of eating sand rice remain unclear. To better explore and evaluate its long-term effects, hereby, ICR mice were fed with sand rice flour at different ratios(control, 60% and 95%) for 100 days. Results show that the growth and blood glucose level curve of these experimental mice were lower and more stable than that of the control. In addition, mice fed pure sand rice ingredient(95%) gained more stable body weight and blood glucose after 28 days, which revealed that sand rice is a food with comprehensive nutritional value and rarely negatively impacts the body growth performance. Our data also demonstrates that, the content of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) provided the lowest level in the blood of mice with a diet of pure sand rice ingredient, 0.48, 4.14, 0.91, 3.03 mmol/L, respectively. Also, T-SOD and GSH-PX activity provided a high level in mice with pure sand rice gradient, which significantly increased by 36%(T-SOD)and 19%(GSH-PX) compared to the control. These results suggest that long term intake of the pure sand rice ingredients is more helpful for stabilizing blood lipid and improve antioxidant capacity and beneficial to people suffering from chronic disease. This study supplies the first animal evidence to support the claim that sand rice is a promising functional food with comprehensive nutrition in the future. We are confident that, with increasing demands of daily sand rice usage, planting A. squarrosum in the vast desert regions will further increase the local economy and ecological restoration when coping with global warming.

A Set of Almost Automorphic Functions and Applications

For a set S of real numbers, we introduce the concept of S-almost automorphic functions valued in a Banach space. It generalizes in particular the space of Z-almost automorphic functions. Considering the space of S-almost automorphic functions, we give sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solutions of a differential equation with a piecewise constant argument of generalized type. This is done using the Banach fixed point theorem.

Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves growth and antioxidant function in dairy calves before weaning

Background: There is increasing research interest in using short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) including butyrate as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate(SB) in liquid feeds(milk, milk replacer, and the mixture of both)on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity and immunoglobins in dairy calves before weaning. Forty healthy female Holstein calves(4-day-old, 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were housed in individual hutches and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups(n = 10 per group) using the RAND function in Excel. The control group was fed no SB(SB0), while the other three groups were supplemented with 15(SB15),30(SB30), or 45(SB45) g/d of SB mixed into liquid feeds offered. The calves were initially fed milk only(days 2 to 20), then a mixture of milk and milk replacer(days 21 to 23), and finally milk replacer only(days 24 to 60).Results: The SB supplementation enhanced growth and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group, and the average daily gain increased quadratically with increasing SB supplementation. No significant effect on rumen pH;concentrations of NH_3-N, individual and total VFAs;or acetate:propionate(A:P) ratio was found during the whole experimental period. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity increased linearly with the increased SB supplementation, while the serum concentration of maleic dialdehyde linearly decreased. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, or immunoglobulin M were not affected by the SB supplementation during the whole experimental period.Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, SB supplementation improved growth performance and antioxidant function in pre-weaned dairy calves. We recommended 45 g/d as the optimal level of SB supplementation mixed into liquid feeds(milk or milk replacer) to improve the growth and antioxidant function of dairy calves before weaning.

Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Effects of <i>Auricularia Auricular</i>and Its Functional Formula Diet Against Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell <i>in Vitro</i>

The functional formula diet AHP, containing polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular, polyphenolic compounds from Hawthorn (Crataegus) and Pueraria radix, has been recently developed as a dietary intervention against dyslipidemia in our previous study. In the present study, its antioxidant activities and protective effects against proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were investigated. AHP possessed the potent radical-scavenging effects against hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, and also the inhibitory effects against peroxidation of low density lipoprotein induced by Cu2+ in vitro. The protective effects of AHP against proliferation of VSMCs were evaluated through the methodology of serum pharmacology. The serum containing AHP significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and also promoted the nitric oxide production of VSMCs. Our study indicated that this functional formula diet would be a potent alternative as a functional diet to prevent atherosclerosis at early stage.

Insights into Functional Tetracycline/Antioxidant Containing Chitosan Hydrogels as Potential Bio-Active Restorative Materials: Structure, Function and Antimicrobial Activity

The human inflammatory periodontal diseases are amongst the most common of chronic diseases to affect adults. Periodontitis is regarded as “an inflammatory lesion, mediated by complex host-parasite interactions, that leads to the loss of connective tissue attachment to root surface cementum and adjacent alveolar bone”. Substantial data are available in the literature on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in disorders such as the inflammatory diseases. However, remarkably little information is available on the periodontal diseases, which show many of the pathological features of other chronic inflammatory diseases. The periodontal tissues also provide an ideal medium within which to study mechanisms of ROS mediated tissue damage and of antioxidant defense in response to bacterial colonisation, through the non-invasive collection of GCF. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the novel chitosan based functional drug delivery systems which can be successfully incorporated into “dual action bioactive restorative materials” containing common antibiotics such as tetracycline, krill oil, aloe and aspirin as commonly used antioxidant species. Methods: The novel hydrogels will be investigated with respect to the antioxidant capacity and drug release capacity of the tetracycline from the designer drug delivery system, the use of SEM imaging for the characterization of the surfaces and reactive features of novel materials with antimicrobial potential. Results: A steady slow release of tetracycline, while maintaining antibiotic effects against the tested bacteria, for at least 10 days was shown from designer chitosan-antioxidant hydrogels. Within the limitations of the study design chitosan-antioxidant hydrogels are suitable materials for functional restorative and periodontal applications in vitro. The addition of antioxidants to the tetracycline containing prototype delivery system had a beneficial effect on the design of the hydrogel by slowing down the release of tetracycline and thereby enabling a sustainable antifungal activity over time.

Effects of Synbiotics and Antibiotics on Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Antioxidant Function of Weaned Piglets

The paper was to investigate the effects of synbiotics and antibiotics on nutrient digestibility and serum antioxidant function of weaned piglets. Totally 216 individuals of 35-day-old piglets were randomly divided into three groups, six replicates for each group, and each replicate contained 12 piglets. The first group was antibiotics group, 20 g,/t colistin sulfate （active ingredients） were added in the basal diet; the second group was synbiotics group, 250 g/t synbiotics （contai- ning xylooligesaccharides, oligochitasan, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum） were added in the basal diet; the third group was combination group, 20 g/t colistin sulfate and 250 g/t synbiotics were added in the basal diet. The whole trial lasted 28 d. The results showed that there was no difference between synbiotics group and antibiotic group in growth performance, nutrients digestibility or antioxidant indicators （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Compared with the piglets in synbiotics group and an- tibiotic group, piglets in combination group had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, and higher T-SOD activity in serum （ P 〈 0.05 ）. It is conclu- ded that synbiotics can replace antibiotics for piglets at 35 -63 days of age. Synbiotics and antibiotic had the synergistic effect on nutrient digestibility and antioxi- dant function of piglets.

Density Functional Theoretical Study on Antioxidant Activity of Four Anthocyanins from Purple Sweet Potato

This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant mechanism of four different anthocyanins in purple sweet potato. The DPPH test and the lipid peroxidation inhibition ability test were used to analyze the in vitro antioxidant activity of four anthocyanins, and then the optimal structure, bond dissociation energy(BDE) and ionization potential(IP) of the anthocyanins and their simplified molecular models were analyzed by density functional theoretical study, and the antioxidant mechanisms were explored. The results showed that OH-4′ phenolic hydroxyl group of the four anthocyanins has the highest activity, and its bond dissociation energy is less than that of resveratrol. The theoretical calculation results of antioxidant activity are consistent with the results of in vitro antioxidant tests. The results showed that anthocyanins of purple sweet potato have good antioxidant activity, and the DFT method provides a powerful theoretical basis for the development of anthocyanin antioxidant activity.

Effects of Diet with "Lianteng" Additive of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Blood Biochemical Indexes,Immune and Antioxidant Function of Guangxi Sanhuang Chickens

[Objectives]This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of diet with"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine on blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant function of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens.[Methods]480 Guangxi Sanhuang chickens at the age of 1 d were divided into 4 groups randomly and each group was assigned to 6 replicates with 20 chicks in each replicate;groups A,B and C were treatment groups and fed basal diets with 0.1%,0.2%and 0.4%of"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine respectively during a trial of 70 d.Group D was control group and fed only basal diet.The serum samples were taken from 6 chicks in each group at the age of 21,35 and 49 d respectively and analyzed for biochemical,immune and antioxidant parameters in serum.[Results]Results from the trial showed that no difference was found in serum content of GLU,TG,TP,TC,and UN in the measurement at the age of 21,35 and 49 d(P>0.05);however,the content of ALB from groups A and B at 35 d was significantly higher than that from group D(P<0.01),and the ALB content from group B at 49 d was also higher than that from group D(P<0.05);the IgM content at 49 d from group A was lower than that from group D(P<0.05),in addition to this,there was no differences found in the contents of IgG,IgM and IFN-y among groups A,B,C and D during the trial(P>0.05);but the content of IL-2 from groups A and B at 49 d was significantly greater than that from group D(P<0.05);T-AOC from groups A,B and C at 49 d was very significantly higher than that from group D(P<0.01),and the one of group B at 35 d was still obviously higher than that of group D(P<0.05);also at 49 d,the GSH content in groups A and B was much greater than that in group D(P<0.01);T-SOD activity of group B and C at 35 d was distinctly greater than that of group D(P<0.05).[Conclusions]It can be concluded that the addition of 0.2%of"Lianteng"additive of Chinese herbal medicine in diet can increase immune function in a certain extent and promote the antioxidant ability observably for Guangxi Sanhuang chickens.

Effects of Ateplase combined with routine therapy on antioxidant capacity, coagulation function and related factors in patients with cerebral infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of Ateprase combined with Butylphthalide on antioxidant capacity, coagulation function and related factors in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 80 patients with cerebral infarction who were treated in department of Neurology of our hospital from June 2015 to June 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with Butylphthalidel, while patients in the observation group were treated with Ateprase combined with Butylphthalide. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and compared before and after treatment.Results: After treatment: the levels of SOD, APTT, PT, TT, VEGF and NO in the serum of the control group and the observation group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of MDA, FIB, TNF- , CRP and ET-1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05);the trend of the above indicators was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Ateplase combined with Butylphthalide in the treatment of cerebral infarction can significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity, improve blood coagulation and endothelial function, alleviate inflammation, and it has a good clinical effect.

Impact of high-fat diet on antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function in adult female LDLR^–/–mice

Background: Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We thus investigated in female mice the influence of this diet on plasma antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function. Methods and Results: Adult female C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and LDLR–/– mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. HFD induced an increase in plasma lipids and vitamin C (Vit C) levels in both groups but at a much higher level in LDLR–/– and a decrease in plasma ascorbyl free radical levels to Vit C ratio (an endogenous oxidative stress index) in LDLR–/–. We only found a slight decrease in circulating antioxidant status evaluated by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay in WT, but not in LDLR–/–. Echocardiography evidenced an increase in arterial wall thickness in aortic arch at atherosclerosis predilection sites in HFD LDLR–/– as compared to ND LDLR–/– and HFD WT. This result was confirmed by histology. Further-more, histological examination of aortic valves showed an increase in atherosclerotic lesions. Our study, using echocardiography, show that chronic HFD does not induce any major modifications of systolic function in the both mice groups. Conclusions: High-fat intake in mice causes serious disturbances in lipid plasma levels associated to variations of circulating antioxidant status due, at least in part, to an increase in Vit C. At this stage, atherosclerotic lesions, observed in aortic arch and valve, do not impair cardiac function in HFD-fed mice.

Antioxidant and Phenolic Profile of Mahaleb Plant as a Functional Food

Prunus mahaleb L.(syn.Cerasus mahaleb L.Mill.)(mahaleb)is a member of medicinal plants and grows naturally in Tokat and in some other regions of Turkey.Seed and flesh of mahaleb fruit are used as mahaleb vine,mahaleb flour,mahaleb oil and as puree.Wild fruits contain many bioactive compounds,such as phenolic compounds,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and vitamins C and tocopherols.Depending on its health promoting effects it is usually used in folk medicine,such as for diabetes.It is shown that wild fruits and other parts of the mahaleb tree possess free radical scavenging,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer activities,and are classified as functional foods in preventing several chronic diseases.The present study evaluates the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of the fruits,leaves and barks of mahaleb plant that is collected from Tokat.The total phenolic content(170.21 mg gallic acid GA/g)in barks and the total flavonoid(260.5 mg quercetin QE/g)and anthocyanin(38.54 mg catechin CA/g)contents in fruits were greater than the other parts of the plants.Antioxidant activity of the samples was determined using the 2,2-diphenil-1picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH).The antioxidant activity was the highest with the fruit,which showed 90.2%in DPPH assays.This study showed that all parts of mahaleb have high phenolic,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents,potentially.These findings suggest that mahaleb plant(fruits can be consumed;the other parts not consumed but can be used in other ways)could serve as a source of bioactive compounds and as being rich in anthocyanin pigments,it could be used as a natural food colorant and antioxidant component in the utilization formula of functional foods.

Effects of Calcium Lignosulfonate(CaLS)on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Antioxidant Function of Meat Duck

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of calcium lignosulfonate(CaLS)on feed processing performance,growth performance,slaughter performance and antioxidant function of cherry valley duck.[Method]A total of 48010-day-old cherry valley ducks were selected and randomly divided into four treatments,10 replicates each treatment and 12 meat ducks each replicate(half male and half female).The ducks in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diet adding 0.2%,0.4%and 0.6%CaLS,respetively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result](1)CaLS significantly reduced feed pulverization rate of meat duck(F<0.05),and significantly increased PDI and starch gelatinization degree(F<0.05);adding CaLS had no significant impact on the processing cost(F>0.05),but the granulation electric charge per ton feed could be reduced by 1.06 yuan.(2)CaLS had no significant effect on growth performance,slaughter performance and organ index of meat duck(Q0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in serum GSH-Px,T-SOD,T-AOC activities and MDA content of three CaLS groups(F>0.05).[Conclusion]CaLS could improve the processing quality of meat duck feed and reduce the processing cost,hut could not improve the growth performance,slaughter performance and antioxidant function of meat duck.

Effect of reduced glutathione assisted therapy on immune function, antioxidant function and inflammatory factor in ovarian cancer after chemotherapy

Objective:To investigate the effect of reduced glutathione adjuvant treatment on immune function, antioxidant function and inflammatory cytokines in ovarian cancer patients after chemotherapy.Result:A total of 100 patients with ovarian cancer who were admitted in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2017. According to the enrollment serial number, divided them into research group and control group each 50 cases, the control group was given conventional chemical drug treatment, the research group were given reduced glutathione adjuvant therapy on the basis of chemical therapy. The T lymphocyte subsets, antioxidant indexes MDA, SOD, T-AOC and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 levels change in two groups before chemotherapy (T0), 1 month after chemotherapy (T1) and 3 months (T2) were observed.Result: (1) The CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ levels at T1 was decreased than T0, and T2 was significantly increased when compared with T1, The CD8+ level at T1 was higher than T0, and the T2 was significantly decreased than T1 in both groups. The levels of the CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8 at T1, T2 in the research group were higher than the control group, while the levels of CD8+ in the research group was lower than the control group. The difference was statistically significant. (2) The level of MDA at T1 was higher than T0, T2 was significantly lower than T1 in both groups. The levels of SOD and T-AOC at T1 were decreased than T0, and T2 was significantly higher than T1. The levels of SOD and T-AOC at T1, T2 in the research group were higher than in the control group, while the MDA level was lower than in the control group. The difference was statistically significant. (3) The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 at T1 in two groups were significantly higher than T0, and the T2 decreased significantly when compared with T1, The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 at T1, T2 in the research group were lower than in the control group. The difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: The reduced glutathione adjuvant chemotherapy for postoperative ovarian cancer can help to protect the body's immune function, antioxidant function and reduce inflammation factor.

Effect of Bailing capsule combined with Edaravone on immune function, antioxidant function and related factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bailing capsule combined with edaravone on immune function, antioxidant function and related factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:160 patients with COPD who received treatment in the department of respiratory medicine of our hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 80 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received edaravone treatment, while patients in the observation group received bailing capsule combined with edaravone treatment. The levels of T lymphocyte, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured and compared before and after treatment.Result: After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ / CD8+, SOD and NO of patients in the control group and the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment, while the levels of CD8+ and MDA were significantly lower than those before treatment. The change trend of the levels of T lymphocyte and antioxidant enzyme of patients in the observation group were significantly more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and MMP-9 of patients in the control group and the observation group decreased significantly, and the change trend of the above factors of patients in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Bailing capsule combined with edaravone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can significantly enhance the immune function and antioxidant function of patients and alleviate inflammation of the body. It has good clinical curative effect.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: A total of 114 patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia who were conformed to the research selection criteria were selected as the research objects, according to the random data table method they were evenly divided into the control group (n=57) and the observation group (n=57), patients in the two groups were given conventional supportive treatment, on this basis, the control group patients were given folic acid tablets and vitamin B12 treatment, the observation group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract dripping pills on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and antioxidant and antioxidant function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment (after treatment 30 d). Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SOD and MDA between the two groups before and after treatment;After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MDA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, all significantly lower than the levels in the same group before treatment, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the level of SOD in the observation group was (100.37±9.45) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.04±9.49) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant treatment of cerebral infarction significantly with high homocysteine hyperlipidemia efficacy can effectively reduce the inflammatory response to stress, reduce the release of adhesion molecules, improve the antioxidant function of oxidation, which has an important clinical value.

Solid State Bioconversion for Producing Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Functional Flour with High Antioxidant Activity and Antihypertensive Potential

The main objective of this investigation was to study the time effect during solid state bioconversion (SSB) on total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AoxA) of common beans to improve antihypertensive functionality. Cooked cotyledons of dehulled common beans were inoculated with a suspension of R. oligosporus NRRL 2710 (1 × 106 spores/mL), and incubated at 35℃ for times of 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 and 108 h (after 108 h the cotyledons showed off odor). Flours from bioprocessed dehulled common bean from each incubation time were blended with their corresponding milled seed coats. The best time for producing bioprocessed common bean (added with seed coats) functional flour with the highest AoxA (ORAC value = 17,468 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 gsample, dw;ABTS value = 13,505 μmol TE/100 gsample, dw) was 108 h. The SSB process substantially increased TPC and total hydrophilic AoxA and antihypertensive potential of common beans in 2.24, 2.45 - 2.73 and 6769 times, respectively. Proteins hydrolyzates from unprocessed whole and bioprocessed (108 h) common beans had IC50 [concentration needed to inhibit 50% the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)] of 79.2 and 0.0117 μg/mL, respectively. The SSB is an efective strategy to improve the TPC of common beans for enhanced functionality with improved antioxidant activity and antihypertensive potential.

Concepts of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Crohn's disease

Oxygen free radical and lipid peroxides(oxidative stress)are highly reactive and represent very damaging compounds.Oxidative stress could be a major contributing factor to the tissue injury and fibrosis that characterize Crohn’s disease.An imbalance between increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased antioxidant defenses occurs in Crohn’s patients.Decreased blood levels of vitamins C and E and decreased intestinal mucosal levels of CuZn superoxide dismutase,glutathione,vitamin A,C,E,andβ-carotene have been reported for Crohn’s patients.Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin-1 and-8 and tumor necrosis factor,have been detected in inflammatory bowel disease.Oxidative stress significantly increased the production of neutrophils,chemokines,and interleukin-8.These effects were inhibited by antioxidant vitamins and arachidonic acid metabolite inhibitors in human intestinal smooth muscle cells isolated from the bowels of Crohn’s disease patients.The main pathological feature of Crohn’s disease is an infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells into the affected part of the intestine.Activated neutrophils produce noxious substances that cause inflammation and tissue injury.Due to the physiological and biochemical actions of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides,many of the clinical and pathophysiological features of Crohn’s disease might be explained by an imbalance of increased reactive oxygen species and a net decrease of antioxidant molecules.This review describes the general concepts of free radical,lipid peroxide and antioxidant activities and eventually illustrates their interferences in the development of Crohn’s strictures.