BACKGROUND Cartilage defects are some of the most common causes of arthritis.Cartilage lesions caused by inflammation,trauma or degenerative disease normally result in osteochondral defects.Previous studies have shown...BACKGROUND Cartilage defects are some of the most common causes of arthritis.Cartilage lesions caused by inflammation,trauma or degenerative disease normally result in osteochondral defects.Previous studies have shown that decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from autologous,allogenic,or xenogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)can effectively restore osteochondral integrity.AIM To determine whether the decellularized ECM of antler reserve mesenchymal cells(RMCs),a xenogeneic material from antler stem cells,is superior to the currently available treatments for osteochondral defects.METHODS We isolated the RMCs from a 60-d-old sika deer antler and cultured them in vitro to 70%confluence;50 mg/mL L-ascorbic acid was then added to the medium to stimulate ECM deposition.Decellularized sheets of adipocyte-derived MSCs(aMSCs)and antlerogenic periosteal cells(another type of antler stem cells)were used as the controls.Three weeks after ascorbic acid stimulation,the ECM sheets were harvested and applied to the osteochondral defects in rat knee joints.RESULTS The defects were successfully repaired by applying the ECM-sheets.The highest quality of repair was achieved in the RMC-ECM group both in vitro(including cell attachment and proliferation),and in vivo(including the simultaneous regeneration of well-vascularized subchondral bone and avascular articular hyaline cartilage integrated with surrounding native tissues).Notably,the antler-stem-cell-derived ECM(xenogeneic)performed better than the aMSC-ECM(allogenic),while the ECM of the active antler stem cells was superior to that of the quiescent antler stem cells.CONCLUSION Decellularized xenogeneic ECM derived from the antler stem cell,particularly the active form(RMC-ECM),can achieve high quality repair/reconstruction of osteochondral defects,suggesting that selection of decellularized ECM for such repair should be focused more on bioactivity rather than kinship.展开更多
In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident cells.Biomaterials,in particular,have garnered significant inter...In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident cells.Biomaterials,in particular,have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for cells.In this editorial,we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al,in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells,which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee joints.Our focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities,thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment(niche).Stem cell differen-tiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM,including its chemical and protein composition,as well as the mechanical forces it can generate.Collectively,these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and regeneration.The interest in mechanobiology,often conceptualized as a form of“structural memory”,is steadily gaining more validation and momen-tum,especially in light of findings such as these.展开更多
Background Velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs), which are derived from the antler velvets, have been reported to maintain survival and promote growth and differentiation of neural cells and, especially the development ...Background Velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs), which are derived from the antler velvets, have been reported to maintain survival and promote growth and differentiation of neural cells and, especially the development of neural tissues This study was designed to explore the influence of VAPs on neural stem cells in vitro derived from embryonic rat brain Methods Neural stem cells derived from E12 14 rat brain were isolated, cultured, and expanded for 7 days until neural stem cell aggregations and neurospheres were generated The neurospheres were cultured under the condition of different concentration of VAPs followed by immunocytochemistry to detect the differentiation of neural stem cells Results VAPs could remarkablely promote differentiation of neural stem cells and most neural stem cells were induced to differentiate towards the direction of neurons under certain concentration of VAPs Conclusion Neural stem cells can be successfully induced into neurons by VAPs in vitro , which could provide a basis for regeneration of the nervous system展开更多
Peptides from Pilose antler aqueous extract(PAAE) have been shown to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not w...Peptides from Pilose antler aqueous extract(PAAE) have been shown to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, PAAE was isolated and purified to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying PAAE’s effects on BMSCs as well as its osteoprotective effects in ovariectomized rats. Our results showed that PAAE promoted proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to become osteoblasts by enhancing ALP activity and increasing extracellular matrix mineralization. The trabecular microarchitecture of ovariectomized rats was also found to be protected by PAAE. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(Quantitative RT-PCR) results suggest that PAAE also increased the expression of osteogenic markers including, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), osteocalcin(OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2), and collagen I(COL-I). Immunoblotting results indicated that PAAE upregulated the levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 and was associated with Smad1/5 phosphorylation. PAAE A at the concentration of 200μg·mL^-1 showed the strongest effect on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs after 48 h. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS), we identified the molecular weight of PAAE A and found that it is less than 3000 Da and showed several significant peaks. In conclusion, PAAE activates the BMP-2/Smad1, 5/Runx2 pathway to induce osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in BMSCs and can inhibit OVX-induced bone loss. These mechanisms are likely responsible for its therapeutic effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis.展开更多
旨在对梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞表达蛋白进行差异筛选、鉴定及生物信息分析,为深入探讨鹿茸独特的再生分子调节机制奠定基础。本研究采用双向荧光差异凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional fluorescence difference in...旨在对梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞表达蛋白进行差异筛选、鉴定及生物信息分析,为深入探讨鹿茸独特的再生分子调节机制奠定基础。本研究采用双向荧光差异凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis,2D-DIGE)分离蛋白样品;利用DeCyder 7.2分析软件对2D-DIGE图像进行统计学分析寻找差异表达蛋白;利用MALDI-TOF-MS(Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry)鉴定差异蛋白,通过Mascot软件搜索NCBInr数据库寻找匹配的蛋白;采用PANTHER(Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships)软件对差异蛋白进行聚类分析,REACTOME数据库分析差异蛋白所参与的信号通路。结果得到了致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞2D-DIGE图谱,致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞蛋白丰度相比较,比值≥1.1倍以及比值≤-1.1倍(P<0.05)的差异蛋白点有159个,其中110个上调表达,49个下调表达,EDA(Extended data analysis)分析得到了多个Marker蛋白,质谱鉴定了84个差异蛋白质点,48个为阳性结果,共来自27种蛋白质。并对已鉴定蛋白进行了GO分析以及信号通路富集分析。致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞蛋白差异明显,质谱鉴定获得了来自多种可能与鹿茸再生相关的差异蛋白。由此可知,鹿茸再生是鹿茸干细胞从休眠到致敏的转化过程,需要多种蛋白分子以及信号通路的综合调控。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U20A20403This study was conducted in accordance with the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology,Changchun Sci-Tech University(AEC No:CKARI202309).
文摘BACKGROUND Cartilage defects are some of the most common causes of arthritis.Cartilage lesions caused by inflammation,trauma or degenerative disease normally result in osteochondral defects.Previous studies have shown that decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from autologous,allogenic,or xenogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)can effectively restore osteochondral integrity.AIM To determine whether the decellularized ECM of antler reserve mesenchymal cells(RMCs),a xenogeneic material from antler stem cells,is superior to the currently available treatments for osteochondral defects.METHODS We isolated the RMCs from a 60-d-old sika deer antler and cultured them in vitro to 70%confluence;50 mg/mL L-ascorbic acid was then added to the medium to stimulate ECM deposition.Decellularized sheets of adipocyte-derived MSCs(aMSCs)and antlerogenic periosteal cells(another type of antler stem cells)were used as the controls.Three weeks after ascorbic acid stimulation,the ECM sheets were harvested and applied to the osteochondral defects in rat knee joints.RESULTS The defects were successfully repaired by applying the ECM-sheets.The highest quality of repair was achieved in the RMC-ECM group both in vitro(including cell attachment and proliferation),and in vivo(including the simultaneous regeneration of well-vascularized subchondral bone and avascular articular hyaline cartilage integrated with surrounding native tissues).Notably,the antler-stem-cell-derived ECM(xenogeneic)performed better than the aMSC-ECM(allogenic),while the ECM of the active antler stem cells was superior to that of the quiescent antler stem cells.CONCLUSION Decellularized xenogeneic ECM derived from the antler stem cell,particularly the active form(RMC-ECM),can achieve high quality repair/reconstruction of osteochondral defects,suggesting that selection of decellularized ECM for such repair should be focused more on bioactivity rather than kinship.
文摘In recent years,there has been considerable exploration into methods aimed at enhancing the regenerative capacity of transplanted and/or tissue-resident cells.Biomaterials,in particular,have garnered significant interest for their potential to serve as natural scaffolds for cells.In this editorial,we provide commentary on the study by Wang et al,in a recently published issue of World J Stem Cells,which investigates the use of a decellularized xenogeneic extracellular matrix(ECM)derived from antler stem cells for repairing osteochondral defects in rat knee joints.Our focus lies specifically on the crucial role of biological scaffolds as a strategy for augmenting stem cell potential and regenerative capabilities,thanks to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment(niche).Stem cell differen-tiation heavily depends on exposure to intrinsic properties of the ECM,including its chemical and protein composition,as well as the mechanical forces it can generate.Collectively,these physicochemical cues contribute to a bio-instructive signaling environment that offers tissue-specific guidance for achieving effective repair and regeneration.The interest in mechanobiology,often conceptualized as a form of“structural memory”,is steadily gaining more validation and momen-tum,especially in light of findings such as these.
文摘Background Velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs), which are derived from the antler velvets, have been reported to maintain survival and promote growth and differentiation of neural cells and, especially the development of neural tissues This study was designed to explore the influence of VAPs on neural stem cells in vitro derived from embryonic rat brain Methods Neural stem cells derived from E12 14 rat brain were isolated, cultured, and expanded for 7 days until neural stem cell aggregations and neurospheres were generated The neurospheres were cultured under the condition of different concentration of VAPs followed by immunocytochemistry to detect the differentiation of neural stem cells Results VAPs could remarkablely promote differentiation of neural stem cells and most neural stem cells were induced to differentiate towards the direction of neurons under certain concentration of VAPs Conclusion Neural stem cells can be successfully induced into neurons by VAPs in vitro , which could provide a basis for regeneration of the nervous system
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473314)
文摘Peptides from Pilose antler aqueous extract(PAAE) have been shown to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, PAAE was isolated and purified to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying PAAE’s effects on BMSCs as well as its osteoprotective effects in ovariectomized rats. Our results showed that PAAE promoted proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs to become osteoblasts by enhancing ALP activity and increasing extracellular matrix mineralization. The trabecular microarchitecture of ovariectomized rats was also found to be protected by PAAE. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(Quantitative RT-PCR) results suggest that PAAE also increased the expression of osteogenic markers including, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2), osteocalcin(OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2), and collagen I(COL-I). Immunoblotting results indicated that PAAE upregulated the levels of BMP-2 and Runx2 and was associated with Smad1/5 phosphorylation. PAAE A at the concentration of 200μg·mL^-1 showed the strongest effect on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs after 48 h. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS), we identified the molecular weight of PAAE A and found that it is less than 3000 Da and showed several significant peaks. In conclusion, PAAE activates the BMP-2/Smad1, 5/Runx2 pathway to induce osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in BMSCs and can inhibit OVX-induced bone loss. These mechanisms are likely responsible for its therapeutic effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis.
文摘旨在对梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞表达蛋白进行差异筛选、鉴定及生物信息分析,为深入探讨鹿茸独特的再生分子调节机制奠定基础。本研究采用双向荧光差异凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis,2D-DIGE)分离蛋白样品;利用DeCyder 7.2分析软件对2D-DIGE图像进行统计学分析寻找差异表达蛋白;利用MALDI-TOF-MS(Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry)鉴定差异蛋白,通过Mascot软件搜索NCBInr数据库寻找匹配的蛋白;采用PANTHER(Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships)软件对差异蛋白进行聚类分析,REACTOME数据库分析差异蛋白所参与的信号通路。结果得到了致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞2D-DIGE图谱,致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞蛋白丰度相比较,比值≥1.1倍以及比值≤-1.1倍(P<0.05)的差异蛋白点有159个,其中110个上调表达,49个下调表达,EDA(Extended data analysis)分析得到了多个Marker蛋白,质谱鉴定了84个差异蛋白质点,48个为阳性结果,共来自27种蛋白质。并对已鉴定蛋白进行了GO分析以及信号通路富集分析。致敏鹿茸干细胞与休眠鹿茸干细胞蛋白差异明显,质谱鉴定获得了来自多种可能与鹿茸再生相关的差异蛋白。由此可知,鹿茸再生是鹿茸干细胞从休眠到致敏的转化过程,需要多种蛋白分子以及信号通路的综合调控。
