Custom Made Fenestrated Stent Graft Collapse after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Case Report

We present a case of stent graft collapse after performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair with a custom-made fenestrated stent graft. The patient was a 70-year-old woman with an asymptomatic aneurysm of the distal aortic arch, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed. The patient showed a blood pressure difference between the left arm and the right arm on postoperative day (POD) 17 prompting the performance of a chest computed tomography scan which revealed stent graft collapse. She then underwent staged debranching of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Stent graft collapse is a rare but well-described complication of thoracic endovascular repair. Therefore, patients who undergo such a procedure should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms, which suggest the possibility of stent collapse.

Surgical Versus Percutaneous Stenting Treatment of Isolated Aortic Coarctation: Long-Term Follow-Up

Background:In recent decades,aortic stenting has become a promising alternative to surgery for both native aortic coarctation and re-stenosis in children and adults.However,comparative long-term outcomes have poorly been investigated.Methods:We included 212 patients with previous aortic repair(19±8.7 years)divided into 3 groups:139 with single-time surgical repair(CoA-S group);18 with single-time percutaneous stenting(CoA-PS group);and 55 hybrid patients with multiple aortic procedures because of re-coarctation occurrence(CoA-H group).All patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and trans-thoracic echocardiography.Results:After a median follow-up of 17 years after aortic repair,antihypertensive therapy was recorded in a significantly higher proportion of patients(83%)in CoA-PS group compared to 65%and 46%of CoA-H and CoA-S groups,respectively(p=0.002).Pulse pressure values were higher in CoA-PS patients compared to the others(p<0.001).Echocardiogram showed significant residual aortic gradient in 50%of CoA-PS and 73%of CoA-H patients compared to 33%of CoA-S patients(p<0.0001).Indeed,stenting was associated to higher incidence of re-coartaction(p<0.0001).At multivariate regression Cox analysis adjusted for age at repair and need for antihypertensive therapy,percutaneous stenting was an independent predictor of echocardiographic evidence of re-coarctation(p≤0.001).Conclusion:Aortic coarctation stenting was independently associated with re-coartaction occurrence during long-term follow up when compared to surgical procedures.Furthermore,patients with aortic stenting had lower blood pressure control at 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and higher need for antihypertensive therapy.

Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term results of endovascular repair for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection, and to compare the clinical outcomes between the 2 groups. Methods From May 2002 to December 2006, 50 patients with type B aortic dissection were treated by endovascular stent-graft. There were 23 patients in the acute aortic dissection (AAD) group and 27 patients in the chronic aortic dissection (CAD) group. All patients were followed up from 1 to 54 months (average, 17±16 months).The immediate and follow-up clinical outcomes were documented and compared between the 2 groups. Results Placement of endovascular stent-grafts across the primary entry tears was technically successful in all 50 patients. Compared to the CAD group, the AAD group had a higher percentage of pleural effusion (17.4% vs. 0%, P=0.04) and visceral /leg ischemia (26.1% vs 3.7%, P=0.04). Procedure related complications, including endoleak and post-implantation syndrome, occurred more frequently in the AAD group than in the CAD group (21.7% vs 3.7% and 30.4% vs 11.1%, respectively; P=0.08 and P=0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in the survival rate at 4 years between the 2 groups (86.4% vs 92.3%, P=0.42 by log-rank test). However, the event-free survival rate was higher in patients with chronic dissection than in patients with acute aortic dissection(96.2% vs 73.9%; P=0.02 by log-rank test). Conclu- sions Endovascular repair with stent-graft was safe and effective for the treatment of both acute and chronic type B aortic dissection. However, both immediate and long term major complications occurred more frequently in patients with acute dissection than in those with chronic dissection.

Acute Type A Aortic Dissection—Replacement of Ascending Aorta, Aortic Arch and Antegrade Stenting of the Descending Thoracic Aorta Using the Thoraflex™Hybrid Plexus Device (Terumo Aortic)—“Frozen Elephant Trunk”: The Plymouth Way!

Objectives: To describe our technique for the implantation of the Thoraflex Hybrid prosthesis for replacement of the aortic arch in a safe and reproducible way. Materials: Thoraflex™ Hybrid Plexus Device (Terumo Aortic). Design: Drawing on our own experience over the past 4 years in the management of acute type A aortic dissection, we have distilled the essentials of our “Frozen Elephant Trunk” technique which have led us through our own learning curve to the improved management of this taxing condition. Method/ Results: Small extension of the median sternotomy incision along the medial border of sternocleidomastoid muscle. End to side graft anastomosis near the origin of the left subclavian artery during cooling on bypass towards 20 degrees. Attention to cardiac protection and maintenance of cerebral perfusion during the shortened corporeal arrest period. Excellent results in 24 consecutive AAAD patients with just one hospital mortality. Conclusions: We believe we are entering a new phase in the treatment of AAAD, facilitated by the availability of a hybrid prosthesis which combines expanding stent technology with familiar surgical graft material. Our particular management of the left subclavian artery and of the cerebral circulation during implantation has contributed to an expeditious and reproducible method of treating dissection within the arch of the aorta and beyond.

Experimental and computational studies on the flow fields in aortic aneurysms associated with deployment of AAA stent-grafts

Pulsatile flow fields in rigid abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） models were investigated numerically, and the simulation results are found in good agreement with particle image velocimetry （PIV） measurements. There are one or more vortexes in the AAA bulge, and a fairly high wall shear stress exists at the distal end, and thus the AAA is in danger of rupture. Medical treatment consists of inserting a vascular stent-graft in the AAA, which would decrease the blood impact to the inner walls and reduce wall shear stress so that the rupture could be prevented. A new computational model, based on porous medium model, was developed and results are documented. Therapeutic effect of the stent-graft was verified numerically with the new model.

Acute Stent Thrombosis Following Concomitant Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty is often used as a palliative measure or as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the management of aortic stenosis in high risk or inoperable patients. Severe aortic stenosis coexisting with coronary artery dis-ease is not uncommon. In these circumstances, adjuvant percutaneous coronary intervention may be warranted. The safety and efficacy of combined valve and coronary intervention strategies has been recently studied. An increased incidence of complications when both procedures are performed in the same setting may throw new challenges. We report a case of fatal acute stent thrombosis following balloon aortic valvuloplasty and percutaneous coronary intervention.

The clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010,101 cases of DeBakeyⅠaortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique,in which emergencey surgery were performed on 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.

Finite element analysis of a percutaneous aortic valve stent design

Aim: This paper discusses the design and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a Percutaneous Aor-tic Valve Stent. The aim of this study was to model a percutaneous aortic valve stent and subject it to finite element analysis. The design process was carried out to meet the functional and surgical requirements. Methods and Results: Analysis was done with different materials with loads ranging from 50 kgf/mm&amp;amp;#178;to 73 kgf/mm&amp;amp;#178;. These forces were selected because these val-ues are far greater than the normal human blood pressure which ranges from 10kPa to 16kPa. It was also to understand the mechanical behavior of different stent materials under such high pressures. A stent model was generated and its physical, mechanical and behavioral properties were studied. Finite element analysis and simulation of the model enhanced the designer to optimize the geometry suitable for perform-ance during and after implantation. The design objective for the stent is to have long term du-rability, low thrombogenicity, resistance to mi-gration and paravalvular leak. Conclusion: The analysis performed in this paper may aid in understanding the stent’s tolerable pressures ranges in comparison with the physiological pressures exerted by the heart and cardiac blood flow during abnormal cardiovascular conditions.

早期与晚期支架内血栓致4b型急性心肌梗死患者临床结局比较

目的比较早期与晚期支架内血栓(ST)致4b型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者院内及出院1年生存及预后情况。方法入选2015年1月—2018年2月冠状动脉造影确定ST致4b型AMI患者共302例。根据ST发生时间分为早期ST组(≤30 d)26例和晚期ST组(>30 d)276例,对比2组患者住院期间及出院1年内的终点事件。主要研究终点包括心源性死亡和再发AMI;次要研究终点包括靶病变血运重建(TLR)、再次ST、心力衰竭及卒中。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线并比较2组患者无终点事件发生率;采用Cox回归分析4b型AMI患者发生终点事件的危险因素。结果住院期间2组主要研究终点事件发生率差异无统计学意义(7.7%vs.3.3%,P=0.243);早期ST组院内心力衰竭发生率高于晚期ST组(11.5%vs.1.4%,P=0.016),其他次要终点事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。平均随访1年,早期ST组主要(20.0%vs.5.9%,P<0.05)及次要(36.0%vs.11.5%,P<0.05)研究终点事件发生率均高于晚期ST组。Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明,早期ST组1年累积无主要(P=0.022)及次要(P<0.001)终点事件发生率均低于晚期ST组。Cox回归分析表明高血压、冠状动脉旁路移植术史是4b型AMI患者发生主要终点事件的独立危险因素,术中植入主动脉内气囊泵(IABP)、缩短支架内血栓至球囊扩张(ST to B)时间是其发生次要终点事件的独立保护因素。结论与晚期ST致4b型AMI患者相比,早期ST患者院内结局相似,长期预后差。术中植入IABP、缩短ST to B时间可能改善4b型AMI患者预后。

主动脉支架体外开窗与Castor分支型覆膜支架TEVAR重建LSA治疗主动脉弓部病变的临床疗效比较

【目的】比较主动脉支架体外开窗与Castor分支型覆膜支架主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)重建左锁骨下动脉(LSA)治疗主动脉弓部病变的临床疗效。【方法】选取2020年1月至2023年1月本院收治的71例主动脉弓部病变的患者,根据LSA重建方式不同将其分为体外开窗组(主动脉支架体外开窗,n=51)和外分支组(Castor分支型覆膜支架TEVAR重建LSA,n=21)。比较两组患者围术期指标、手术成功率及术后并发症发生率,1年后随访预后情况,夹层术后的夹腔重塑情况及患者假腔血栓化情况。【结果】外分支组手术时间、器械释放成功率、手术费用均高于体外开窗组(P<0.05)。支架段L1、L3、L4,外分支组真腔面积变化率[R(ATL)]高于体外开窗组(P<0.05);支架段L3外分支组假腔面积变化率[R(AFL)]、真腔直径变化率[R(DTL)]高于体外开窗组,L4 R(DTL)高于体外开窗组(P<0.05)。两组患者假腔血栓化程度再支架段和非支架段比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】主动脉支架体外开窗与Castor分支型覆膜支架TEVAR重建LSA治疗主动脉弓部病变均具有良好的安全性与有效性,Castor分支型覆膜支架TEVAR操作时间较短且支架近端重塑效果优于体外开窗TEVAR。

Strategy of dealing with left subclavian artery in total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection

Objective To summarize the experiences of ligating left subclavian artery ( LSA ) in total arch peplacement and stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection patients with difficulty in exposing the LSA. Methods Total arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation were performed on 79 consecutive

冠脉高风险患者TAVR术中预植保护性导丝2例并文献复习

目的探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)高风险患者经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)术中预植保护性导丝的临床价值。方法收集我院心脏外科2021年2例TAVR术中预植保护性导丝的冠脉高风险患者的临床资料,对其围手术期临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果2例患者均顺利完成了TAVR,其中1例患者左冠脉植入冠脉支架1枚,另1例患者仅行术中冠脉导丝、支架预保护,术后撤出导丝及支架。2例患者术后造影见人工介入瓣膜开放良好,轻度反流,冠脉通畅;术后心衰症状均不同程度地减轻或消失。术后3个月随访,2例患者的超声心动图均提示主动脉瓣人工生物瓣膜功能正常,少量瓣周反流;冠脉CTA均未见冠脉明显异常。结论保护性导丝预植入技术预防TAVR术中冠脉闭塞安全、有效。

体外预开窗联合束径技术在复杂主动脉病变中的应用

目的评价体外预开窗联合束径技术在复杂主动脉病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性收集2019年12月至2022年5月郑州大学第一附属医院血管外科收治的接受体外预开窗联合束径技术腔内修复治疗的9例复杂主动脉病变患者的临床资料,其中Stanford B型主动脉夹层4例,复杂腹主动脉瘤5例。分析手术成功率、手术时间、住院时间、围手术期死亡率、随访情况。结果9例复杂主动脉病变患者中6例接受三开窗,3例接受四开窗,共重建分支动脉血管30条,植入分支支架(BSG)26条。手术成功率为100.0%(9/9),无术中死亡病例。手术时间211~440 min,平均(333.0±70.8)min。住院时间10~33 d,平均(21.8±7.6)d。1例患者在围手术期死亡,围手术期死亡率为11.11%(1/9),死因为呼吸循环衰竭。术后随访时间0.2~14.6个月,平均随访时间(6.6±5.2)个月;随访过程无患者死亡,再处理2例(25.00%),1例患者出现左肾动脉分支支架内血栓形成,予以机械抽栓并球囊扩张,1例患者右肾动脉分支支架脱入主体支架内,予以腔内技术取出并补装BSG,其余患者主动脉病变重塑良好,无不良并发症。结论体外预开窗联合束径技术腔内修复治疗复杂主动脉疾病的短中期效果满意,具有较好的安全性、可行性。

分支型主动脉覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床使用评价

目的基于真实世界的数据多维度评估分支型主动脉覆膜支架治疗锚定区不足的主动脉夹层StanFord B型的安全性、有效性、经济性,为临床的合理使用提供科学依据。方法选取2021年1月—2023年6月在内蒙古自治区人民医院治疗的胸主动脉夹层Stanford B型伴锚定区不足的患者71例。根据腔内修复术手段的不同,分为观察组32例、对照组39例。根据各种方法的相关临床数据,对其围手术期和随访期的主要观察指标、次要观察指标进行统计学分析,对比各组的临床效果。结果两组患者在基线资料、既往史、实验室检查指标情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后实验室指标检查、围手术期不利医学事件情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术安全性大致相似。观察组术中出血量小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后即刻效果、术后2月随访情况对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。使用分支型主动脉覆膜支架治疗有效性优于杂交手术治疗。观察组手术时间、术后住院时间、总住院时间方面明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在住院总费用、医用耗材费用、植入材料费用方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。使用分支型主动脉覆膜支架治疗经济性优于杂交手术治疗。结论分支型主动脉覆膜支架治疗胸主动脉夹层疾病安全有效,经济适中,且适用范围广,适用于锚定区不足的胸主动脉夹层Stanford B型患者腔内治疗,术后远期效果有待进一步跟踪,真实世界数据有待扩充。

血管内碎石在腹主动脉重度钙化闭塞中的应用——病例报道及文献回顾

1临床资料患者女,69岁,因“双下肢跛行进行性加重3年,伴左足疼痛4个月”收治入四川省人民医院。患者既往有慢性肾功能衰竭病史13年,每周3次规律透析。2个月前患者曾有不明原因消化道出血,但经治疗后未再发生。

分支型主动脉覆膜支架与烟囱支架技术在Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨分支型主动脉覆膜支架与烟囱支架技术在Stanford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)治疗中的应用价值。方法 收集2018年3月至2021年3月宁德师范学院附属宁德市医院收治的60例TBAD患者的临床资料,并按照胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)后重建左锁骨下动脉血运方式的不同将患者分为观察组(采用分支型主动脉覆膜支架技术)与对照组(采用烟囱支架技术),每组30例。比较两组患者的手术成功率、手术时间、术中出血量,术后2周、3个月、6个月及1年支架通畅率情况,术前、术后2周、术后3个月、术后6个月及术后1年主动脉重塑情况;术后随访期间并发症发生情况,以及出院前、出院后6个月生存质量。结果 两组患者的手术成功率均为100%。观察组患者手术时间短于对照组,术中Ⅰ型内漏的发生率低于对照组患者(P﹤0.05)。两组患者术后2周、3个月、6个月及1年后支架通畅率,以及术前夹层真腔直径、夹层假腔直径比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。随着术后时间的延长,两组患者的夹层真腔直径逐渐增加,术后夹层假腔直径逐渐降低;观察组患者术后夹层真腔直径高于对照组患者,术后夹层假腔直径低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者术后1年假腔血栓化的比例、术后并发症总发生率均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。出院后6个月,观察组患者健康调查简表中各维度的评分均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论 在采用TEVAR治疗TBAD的过程中,分支型主动脉覆膜支架技术与烟囱支架技术均显示出较好的疗效,但前者的治疗安全性与有效性更好,患者术后生存质量更高。

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后主动脉扩张性病变的研究进展

胸主动脉腔内修复术(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)目前是Stanford B型主动脉夹层(type B aortic dissection,TBAD)的主要治疗方法,当下治疗原则以封堵近端破口为主,而旷置远端破口导致假腔血栓化受阻;主动脉形态及支架远端弹性应力变化,导致管腔局部点压力扩大,形成新发破口或再发夹层导致假腔瘤样扩张,甚至急性破裂致死。术后应通过定期CTA随访,严密监测支架远端管径变化、残留破口直径及假腔血栓化程度。本文通过总结国内外文献,对TEVAR后主动脉扩张性病变的发病原因、机制及处理方法等进行归纳并作综述。

胸主动脉腔内隔绝术在破裂性胸降主动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的 评价破裂性胸降主动脉瘤腔内治疗的效果,并总结治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年6月张家界市人民医院血管介入外科收治的8例破裂性胸降主动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中男性4例,女性4例,中位年龄70.5岁(61~78岁)。8例术前均行主动脉CTA检查明确胸降主动脉瘤且存在胸腔或(和)纵隔血肿,均急诊行胸主动脉腔内隔绝术。结果 6例患者胸降主动脉瘤隔绝彻底,其中2例患者采用烟囱支架技术重建左锁骨下动脉。另外2例患者存在少量Ⅰa型内漏,在近端植入CUFF支架后内漏消失。住院期间1例患者发生食管主动脉瘘导致脓毒性休克死亡,3例患者术后出现呼吸衰竭,行胸腔穿刺引流、抗感染、呼吸机辅助呼吸治疗后恢复。2例患者术后出现缺血性脑卒中,1例表现为患侧肢体肌力3级伴语言障碍,1例表现为患侧肢体肌力4级伴语言障碍。随访期间1例术后7个月再次突发胸痛死亡,1例未植入烟囱支架的患者于术后18个月出现Ⅰa型内漏,近端植入CUFF支架后内漏消失。其余5例病例随访期间情况良好。结论 破裂性胸降主动脉瘤行腔内治疗安全、有效。

累及左锁骨下动脉的Standford B型主动脉夹层中castor分支型覆膜支架的应用效果及对主动脉重塑的影响

目的 研究累及左锁骨下动脉(LSA)的Standford B型主动脉夹层(TBAD)中castor分支型覆膜支架(简称castor支架)的应用效果及对主动脉重塑的影响。方法 纳入无锡明慈心血管病医院收治的58例TBAD患者,根据治疗方法分为castor组(31例)和对照组(27例)。对照组接受烟囱技术,castor组接受castor支架进行治疗。比较两组的手术相关指标、围手术期并发症。对两组进行随访,比较随访期间上肢缺血、脑梗死、内漏、LSA窃血、夹层逆撕等晚期并发症的发生率。比较两组术后2周和术后6个月时的主动脉重塑指标。结果 castor组透视时间、手术时间均长于对照组(P<0.05)。castor组围手术期并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。castor组随访期间晚期并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月,castor组假腔完全血栓化比率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 虽然与烟囱技术相比,castor支架治疗累及LSA的TBAD透视时间和手术时间延长,但是围手术期并发症和晚期并发症发生率较低,且有助于患者的假腔血栓化。