Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although c...Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),it has a poor survival rate.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expressing MIBC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze an association between APOBEC3B and ATR in patients with MIBC.The APOBEC3B expression in MIBC cell lines was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Western blot analysis was performed to confirm differences in phosphorylated Chk1(pChk1)expression according to the APOBEC3B expression.Cell viability and apoptosis analyses were performed to examine the anti-tumor activity of ATR inhibitors combined with cisplatin.Results:There was a significant association between APOBEC3B and ATR expression in the tumor tissues obtained from patients with MIBC.Cells with higher APOBEC3B expression showed higher pChk1 expression than cells expressing low APOBEC3B levels.Combination treatment of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin inhibited cell growth in MIBC cells with a higher APOBEC3B expression.Compared to cisplatin single treatment,combination treatment induced more apoptotic cell death in the cells with higher APOBEC3B expression.Conclusion:Our study shows that APOBEC3B’s higher expression status can enhance the sensitivity of MIBC to cisplatin upon ATR inhibition.This result provides new insight into appropriate patient selection for the effective application of ATR inhibitors in MIBC.展开更多
Folate receptor alpha(FOLR1)is vital for cells ingesting folate(FA).FA plays an indispensable role in cell pro-liferation and survival.However,it is not clear whether the axis of FOLR1/FA has a similar function in vir...Folate receptor alpha(FOLR1)is vital for cells ingesting folate(FA).FA plays an indispensable role in cell pro-liferation and survival.However,it is not clear whether the axis of FOLR1/FA has a similar function in viral replication.In this study,we used vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)to investigate the relationship between FOLR1-mediated FA deficiency and viral replication,as well as the underlying mechanisms.We discovered that FOLR1 upregulation led to the deficiency of FA in HeLa cells and mice.Meanwhile,VSV replication was notably sup-pressed by FOLR1 overexpression,and this antiviral activity was related to FA deficiency.Mechanistically,FA deficiency mainly upregulated apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expression,which suppressed VSV replication in vitro and in vivo.In addition,methotrexate(MTX),an FA metabolism inhibitor,effectively inhibited VSV replication by enhancing the expression of APOBEC3B in vitro and in vivo.Overall,our present study provided a new perspective for the role of FA metabolism in viral infections and highlights the potential of MTX as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against RNA viruses.展开更多
基金supported by St.Vincent’s Hospital,the Research Institute of Medical Science(Grant Number:SVHR-2021-03).
文摘Background:Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC),an endogenous mutator,induces DNA damage and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related(ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1(Chk1)pathway.Although cisplatin-based therapy is the mainstay for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC),it has a poor survival rate.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an ATR inhibitor combined with cisplatin in the treatment of APOBEC catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expressing MIBC.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze an association between APOBEC3B and ATR in patients with MIBC.The APOBEC3B expression in MIBC cell lines was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis.Western blot analysis was performed to confirm differences in phosphorylated Chk1(pChk1)expression according to the APOBEC3B expression.Cell viability and apoptosis analyses were performed to examine the anti-tumor activity of ATR inhibitors combined with cisplatin.Results:There was a significant association between APOBEC3B and ATR expression in the tumor tissues obtained from patients with MIBC.Cells with higher APOBEC3B expression showed higher pChk1 expression than cells expressing low APOBEC3B levels.Combination treatment of ATR inhibitor and cisplatin inhibited cell growth in MIBC cells with a higher APOBEC3B expression.Compared to cisplatin single treatment,combination treatment induced more apoptotic cell death in the cells with higher APOBEC3B expression.Conclusion:Our study shows that APOBEC3B’s higher expression status can enhance the sensitivity of MIBC to cisplatin upon ATR inhibition.This result provides new insight into appropriate patient selection for the effective application of ATR inhibitors in MIBC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970149,81900823)The Major Research and Development Project(2018ZX10301406)Nanjing University-Ningxia University Collaborative Project(Grant#2017BN04).
文摘Folate receptor alpha(FOLR1)is vital for cells ingesting folate(FA).FA plays an indispensable role in cell pro-liferation and survival.However,it is not clear whether the axis of FOLR1/FA has a similar function in viral replication.In this study,we used vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)to investigate the relationship between FOLR1-mediated FA deficiency and viral replication,as well as the underlying mechanisms.We discovered that FOLR1 upregulation led to the deficiency of FA in HeLa cells and mice.Meanwhile,VSV replication was notably sup-pressed by FOLR1 overexpression,and this antiviral activity was related to FA deficiency.Mechanistically,FA deficiency mainly upregulated apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B(APOBEC3B)expression,which suppressed VSV replication in vitro and in vivo.In addition,methotrexate(MTX),an FA metabolism inhibitor,effectively inhibited VSV replication by enhancing the expression of APOBEC3B in vitro and in vivo.Overall,our present study provided a new perspective for the role of FA metabolism in viral infections and highlights the potential of MTX as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against RNA viruses.