This review paper focuses on the genetic contribution, in particular, the association of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism to lipid abnormality and subsequent acute coronary syndrome in Han Chinese of China. Many res...This review paper focuses on the genetic contribution, in particular, the association of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism to lipid abnormality and subsequent acute coronary syndrome in Han Chinese of China. Many researches have been published pertaining the influence of ApoE gene polymorphism on coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia and the response of statin in Han Chinese. Most of the studies in Han Chinese like other populations demonstrated that ApoE 4 allele genetically predisposes coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, severity of occlusion of coronary artery and higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (In Han Chinese, ApoE allele carriers demonstrated 85% increase in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in six months follow up). In addition, ApoE4 allele carrier also showed both increased in LDL level and decrease response to statin therapy in dyslipidemic Han Chinese. On the other hand, ApoE2 carrier is scavenger of cholesterol and triglyceride from the blood;?thus it is cardiovascular-protective. Despite positive relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and cardiovascular pathologies, prognostic outcome and resistance to intervention, this area of research still requires?extensive investigation in Han Chinese. Because, several other studies revealed either negative effect or showed no effect by ApoE gene polymorphism on cardiovascular disease. Some of the causes of such debatable results could be explained by factors such as diminutive frequency allele and expression of ApoE gene in coronary heart disease. This part of the research yet requires extensive study with bulkier sample size and retrospective in nature, in order to ascertain the influence of ApoE genotype on lipid, anti-hyperlipidemic agent and coronary heart disease. Such studies could assist us to confirm whether to test healthier subjects to predict genetic risk of coronary heart disease in Han Chinese population. The aim of this review paper is to critically analyze the effect of ApoE gene on the occurrence of coronary heart disease in Han Chinese.展开更多
Currently it is not well known whether apolipoprotein E （ApoE） is a genetic susceptibility factor for cerebrovascular diseases in the Chinese Naxi population. The present study detected and sequenced ApoE polymorphi...Currently it is not well known whether apolipoprotein E （ApoE） is a genetic susceptibility factor for cerebrovascular diseases in the Chinese Naxi population. The present study detected and sequenced ApoE polymorphisms of 90 patients with cerebrovascular diseases （58 cases of cerebral infarction and 32 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage）, and 50 normal people of Naxi nationality from Yunnan province, China. The populations were used to analyze the relationship of ApoE polymorphisms with cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. Results showed an association between ApoE gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction, and a possibility that the ε4 allele is a susceptibility locus for the risk of cerebral infarction. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and cerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the relationship between apolipoprotein E （ApoE） gene polymorphism and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in Chinese population by a meta-analysis. METHODS： Related literatur...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the relationship between apolipoprotein E （ApoE） gene polymorphism and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in Chinese population by a meta-analysis. METHODS： Related literature regarding control analysis between ICH and control groups was collected. Independent case-control studies published between 1989 and 2007 that had complete data were included; and articles not closely related to the topic were excluded. The meta-analysis software, RevMan 4.2, was applied to analyze the odds ratio （OR） value in those studies included in the analysis to assess the relationship between susceptibility to ICH and ApoE polymorphism. RESULTS： Eight papers which were in accordance with the inclusion criteria were selected, and a total of 1 249 ICH cases and 1 329 controls were involved. Meta-analysis results showed that with the wildtype E3/3 as a reference, the OR values （95% confidence interval） of intracerebral hemorrhage for subjects carrying E2/2, E3/2, E4/2, E4/3, and E4/4 were 1.15 （0.60–2.21）, 1.00 （0.79–1.28）, 3.01 （1.73–5.23）, 1.78 （1.41–2.24） and 1.94 （1.03–3.65）, respectively. The combined OR values （95% confidence interval） of intracerebral hemorrhage for ε4 and ε2 carriers were 1.53 （1.16–2.01）, and 0.93 （0.69–1.25）. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that ApoE polymorphism is significantly associated with susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage and that ε4 carriers have a higher risk for intracerebral hemorrhage than others.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to coll...AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to collect data from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and eligible relevant studies reporting the association of apoE gene polymorphism with TC level in patients with kidney diseases were recruited for meta-analysis.RESULTS： Twenty-one studies were identifed for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphism and TC level in patients with kidney disease. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher TC than those with E3E3 [weighted mean differences （WMD）=2.14, P=0.01] and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3 （WMD=-1.93, P=0.01）. Subjects with ε2 had a lower TC than those with ε3 （ε2 vs ε3： WMD=-1.23, P=0.002; ε2 vs ε4： WMD=-2.77, P﹤0.0001） and subjects with 3 had a lower TC than those with 4 （WMD=-0.79, P=0.03）. CONCLUSION： Subjects with apoE E3E4 and ε4 had a higher TC level and subjects with apoE E2E3 and ε2 had a higher TC level in patients with kidney disease. However, more well-designed studies should be per-formed in the future to confrm these fndings.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene polymorphism and susceptibility of stress urinary incontinence(SUI). Methods:ApoE genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restrict...Objective:To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene polymorphism and susceptibility of stress urinary incontinence(SUI). Methods:ApoE genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 99 patients with SUI and 101 asymptomatic controls. Results:The frequency of allele e3 of ApoE was slightly lower in patients with anatomic SUI than that in controls (79.44%vs.81.68%),while the frequency of allele e4 of ApoE was slightly higher in patients with anatomic SUI than that in controls(10.00%vs.9.90%).No significant difference was found in frequency of allele e3 or e4 between SUI patients and controls(x^2=0.523,P = 0.770). Conclusion:The gene polymorphism of ApoE is not independently involved in the development of SUI.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding ...BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding region, so its polymorphism may result in the abnormality of APOE gene and protein expression, and finally lead to dementia. OBJECTIVE: To observe the association between APOE promoter-219G/T polymorphisms with serum total cholesterol in patients with Alzheimer disease, and compare it with non-dementia people. DESIGN: Case-control, comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital of Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five dementia patients including 27 males and 28 females aged (66±3) years and treated in the Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital were selected from January 2002 to December 2005 as the Alzheimer disease group. They all diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳdiagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease instituted by American Psychiatry Association in 1994. Meanwhile, 44 none-dementia patients including 21 males and 23 females aged (66±3) years were selected from other clinical departments of Fengtian Hospital as control group. All the participants were informed the detection and agreed. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of all subjects, then 'NEST'PCR, DNA sequence and enzyme digestion were adopted to detect the expression of APOE promoter-219 polymorphism, following by biomedical statistics analysis based on the clinical total cholesterol level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymorphism of APOE promoter-219 G/T and total cholesterol level. RESULTS: All 55 dementia patients and 44 non-dementia ones were involved in the result analysis. ①Allele and genotype frequency: The T allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [88.2% (97/110), 54.5% (48/88)], while G allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [11.8%(13/110), 45.5%(40/88), χ2=8.2, P < 0.01]. The TT allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [76% (42/55), 48% (21/44)], while GT+GG allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [24%(13/55), 52%(23/44), χ2=8.7, P < 0.01]. ②Total cholesterol level: The level of the TT genotype patients in the Alzheimer group was obviously higher than that in GT+GG genotype patients (t =2.46, P < 0.05); the cholesterol level in the two genotypes of the control group was similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TT genotype and allele T in the APOE promoter-219 polymorphisms are the sensitive gene, and genotype TT has a relationship with the increase of total cholesterol level.展开更多
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss and confusion. The E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associate...Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss and confusion. The E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associated with AD and it is the main genetic risk factor for disease. Although the exact physiological function is unknown, bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) may also be associated with AD development, although previous immunohistochemical findings havebeen inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose ofthis study was to evaluate the genotypic and allele frequencies of theAPOEgene andBLMH1450 G> A polymorphism and assessBLMHexpression using PCR-RFLP and RT-qPCR analyses ofblood samples from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), healthy elderly adults (EC) andhealthyyoung subjects(YC). BLMHexpression wassignificantly different among groups (p= 0.015) and there was substantial reduction with age and with AD. TheAPOEandBLMHgenotype frequency did not diverge from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a higher frequency of genotype 3/3 inall subjects (61.1%) and the AD group demonstrated a higher frequency of allele 4;however, differences ingenotype and allele distributions were statistically different among groups.展开更多
文摘This review paper focuses on the genetic contribution, in particular, the association of Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism to lipid abnormality and subsequent acute coronary syndrome in Han Chinese of China. Many researches have been published pertaining the influence of ApoE gene polymorphism on coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia and the response of statin in Han Chinese. Most of the studies in Han Chinese like other populations demonstrated that ApoE 4 allele genetically predisposes coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, severity of occlusion of coronary artery and higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (In Han Chinese, ApoE allele carriers demonstrated 85% increase in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in six months follow up). In addition, ApoE4 allele carrier also showed both increased in LDL level and decrease response to statin therapy in dyslipidemic Han Chinese. On the other hand, ApoE2 carrier is scavenger of cholesterol and triglyceride from the blood;?thus it is cardiovascular-protective. Despite positive relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and cardiovascular pathologies, prognostic outcome and resistance to intervention, this area of research still requires?extensive investigation in Han Chinese. Because, several other studies revealed either negative effect or showed no effect by ApoE gene polymorphism on cardiovascular disease. Some of the causes of such debatable results could be explained by factors such as diminutive frequency allele and expression of ApoE gene in coronary heart disease. This part of the research yet requires extensive study with bulkier sample size and retrospective in nature, in order to ascertain the influence of ApoE genotype on lipid, anti-hyperlipidemic agent and coronary heart disease. Such studies could assist us to confirm whether to test healthier subjects to predict genetic risk of coronary heart disease in Han Chinese population. The aim of this review paper is to critically analyze the effect of ApoE gene on the occurrence of coronary heart disease in Han Chinese.
基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, Kunming Medical College, No. 2008CD010
文摘Currently it is not well known whether apolipoprotein E （ApoE） is a genetic susceptibility factor for cerebrovascular diseases in the Chinese Naxi population. The present study detected and sequenced ApoE polymorphisms of 90 patients with cerebrovascular diseases （58 cases of cerebral infarction and 32 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage）, and 50 normal people of Naxi nationality from Yunnan province, China. The populations were used to analyze the relationship of ApoE polymorphisms with cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. Results showed an association between ApoE gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction, and a possibility that the ε4 allele is a susceptibility locus for the risk of cerebral infarction. However, there was no evidence of a relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and cerebral hemorrhage.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the relationship between apolipoprotein E （ApoE） gene polymorphism and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） in Chinese population by a meta-analysis. METHODS： Related literature regarding control analysis between ICH and control groups was collected. Independent case-control studies published between 1989 and 2007 that had complete data were included; and articles not closely related to the topic were excluded. The meta-analysis software, RevMan 4.2, was applied to analyze the odds ratio （OR） value in those studies included in the analysis to assess the relationship between susceptibility to ICH and ApoE polymorphism. RESULTS： Eight papers which were in accordance with the inclusion criteria were selected, and a total of 1 249 ICH cases and 1 329 controls were involved. Meta-analysis results showed that with the wildtype E3/3 as a reference, the OR values （95% confidence interval） of intracerebral hemorrhage for subjects carrying E2/2, E3/2, E4/2, E4/3, and E4/4 were 1.15 （0.60–2.21）, 1.00 （0.79–1.28）, 3.01 （1.73–5.23）, 1.78 （1.41–2.24） and 1.94 （1.03–3.65）, respectively. The combined OR values （95% confidence interval） of intracerebral hemorrhage for ε4 and ε2 carriers were 1.53 （1.16–2.01）, and 0.93 （0.69–1.25）. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that ApoE polymorphism is significantly associated with susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage and that ε4 carriers have a higher risk for intracerebral hemorrhage than others.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E （apoE） gene polymorphism and total cholesterol （TC） level in patients with kidney diseases. METHODS： A predefined literature search was performed to collect data from the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library and eligible relevant studies reporting the association of apoE gene polymorphism with TC level in patients with kidney diseases were recruited for meta-analysis.RESULTS： Twenty-one studies were identifed for the analysis of association between apoE gene polymorphism and TC level in patients with kidney disease. Subjects with E3E4 had a higher TC than those with E3E3 [weighted mean differences （WMD）=2.14, P=0.01] and subjects with E2E3 had a lower TC than those with E3E3 （WMD=-1.93, P=0.01）. Subjects with ε2 had a lower TC than those with ε3 （ε2 vs ε3： WMD=-1.23, P=0.002; ε2 vs ε4： WMD=-2.77, P﹤0.0001） and subjects with 3 had a lower TC than those with 4 （WMD=-0.79, P=0.03）. CONCLUSION： Subjects with apoE E3E4 and ε4 had a higher TC level and subjects with apoE E2E3 and ε2 had a higher TC level in patients with kidney disease. However, more well-designed studies should be per-formed in the future to confrm these fndings.
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between apolipoprotein E(ApoE) gene polymorphism and susceptibility of stress urinary incontinence(SUI). Methods:ApoE genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 99 patients with SUI and 101 asymptomatic controls. Results:The frequency of allele e3 of ApoE was slightly lower in patients with anatomic SUI than that in controls (79.44%vs.81.68%),while the frequency of allele e4 of ApoE was slightly higher in patients with anatomic SUI than that in controls(10.00%vs.9.90%).No significant difference was found in frequency of allele e3 or e4 between SUI patients and controls(x^2=0.523,P = 0.770). Conclusion:The gene polymorphism of ApoE is not independently involved in the development of SUI.
文摘BACKGROUND: Many researches have suggested that apolipoprotein E (APOE) and total cholesterol metabolism are closely related with dementia. In the supposed theory, 219 site of APOE promoter region is near gene coding region, so its polymorphism may result in the abnormality of APOE gene and protein expression, and finally lead to dementia. OBJECTIVE: To observe the association between APOE promoter-219G/T polymorphisms with serum total cholesterol in patients with Alzheimer disease, and compare it with non-dementia people. DESIGN: Case-control, comparative observation. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital of Shenyang Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five dementia patients including 27 males and 28 females aged (66±3) years and treated in the Department of Neurology, Fengtian Hospital were selected from January 2002 to December 2005 as the Alzheimer disease group. They all diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳdiagnostic criteria of Alzheimer disease instituted by American Psychiatry Association in 1994. Meanwhile, 44 none-dementia patients including 21 males and 23 females aged (66±3) years were selected from other clinical departments of Fengtian Hospital as control group. All the participants were informed the detection and agreed. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of all subjects, then 'NEST'PCR, DNA sequence and enzyme digestion were adopted to detect the expression of APOE promoter-219 polymorphism, following by biomedical statistics analysis based on the clinical total cholesterol level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Polymorphism of APOE promoter-219 G/T and total cholesterol level. RESULTS: All 55 dementia patients and 44 non-dementia ones were involved in the result analysis. ①Allele and genotype frequency: The T allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [88.2% (97/110), 54.5% (48/88)], while G allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [11.8%(13/110), 45.5%(40/88), χ2=8.2, P < 0.01]. The TT allele frequency of the Alzheimer disease group was significantly higher than that in the control group [76% (42/55), 48% (21/44)], while GT+GG allele frequency was remarkably lower than that in the control group [24%(13/55), 52%(23/44), χ2=8.7, P < 0.01]. ②Total cholesterol level: The level of the TT genotype patients in the Alzheimer group was obviously higher than that in GT+GG genotype patients (t =2.46, P < 0.05); the cholesterol level in the two genotypes of the control group was similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: TT genotype and allele T in the APOE promoter-219 polymorphisms are the sensitive gene, and genotype TT has a relationship with the increase of total cholesterol level.
基金Corresponding Author:S. L. M. Payao,slmpayao@famema.br
文摘Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss and confusion. The E4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is associated with AD and it is the main genetic risk factor for disease. Although the exact physiological function is unknown, bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) may also be associated with AD development, although previous immunohistochemical findings havebeen inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose ofthis study was to evaluate the genotypic and allele frequencies of theAPOEgene andBLMH1450 G> A polymorphism and assessBLMHexpression using PCR-RFLP and RT-qPCR analyses ofblood samples from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), healthy elderly adults (EC) andhealthyyoung subjects(YC). BLMHexpression wassignificantly different among groups (p= 0.015) and there was substantial reduction with age and with AD. TheAPOEandBLMHgenotype frequency did not diverge from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a higher frequency of genotype 3/3 inall subjects (61.1%) and the AD group demonstrated a higher frequency of allele 4;however, differences ingenotype and allele distributions were statistically different among groups.
