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STRIDULATION APPARATUSES OF SIX SPECIES OF Agromyza (Diptera:Agromyzidae)
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作者 范滋德 顾小平 《Zoological Research》 CAS CSCD 2000年第2期139-143,共5页
The present paper deals with stridulation apparatuses,observed by SEM,of 6 species of the genus Agromyza from China (2 species among them are newly recorded to China).Some morphological terms are proposed for the ... The present paper deals with stridulation apparatuses,observed by SEM,of 6 species of the genus Agromyza from China (2 species among them are newly recorded to China).Some morphological terms are proposed for the first time,and a key to 6 species of Agromyza applied by the characteristics of stridulatory file is given.We also scheme out a diagram showing relationship between two stridulatory file types. 展开更多
关键词 DIPTERA AGROMYZIDAE Agromyza Stridulation apparatus Stridulatory file type
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A collaborative assembly for low-voltage electrical apparatuses 被引量:2
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作者 Huanpei LYU Libin ZHANG +1 位作者 Dapeng TAN Fang XU 《Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第6期890-905,共16页
Low-voltage electrical apparatuses(LVEAs)have many workpieces and intricate geometric structures,and the assembly process is rigid and labor-intensive,and has little balance.The assembly process cannot readily adapt t... Low-voltage electrical apparatuses(LVEAs)have many workpieces and intricate geometric structures,and the assembly process is rigid and labor-intensive,and has little balance.The assembly process cannot readily adapt to changes in assembly situations.To address these issues,a collaborative assembly is proposed.Based on the requirements of collaborative assembly,a colored Petri net(CPN)model is proposed to analyze the performance of the interaction and self-government of robots in collaborative assembly.Also,an artificial potential field based planning algorithm(AFPA)is presented to realize the assembly planning and dynamic interaction of robots in the collaborative assembly of LVEAs.Then an adaptive quantum genetic algorithm(AQGA)is developed to optimize the assembly process.Lastly,taking a two-pole circuit-breaker controller with leakage protection(TPCLP)as an assembly instance,comparative results show that the collaborative assembly is cost-effective and flexible in LVEA assembly.The distribution of resources can also be optimized in the assembly.The assembly robots can interact dynamically with each other to accommodate changes that may occur in the LVEA assembly. 展开更多
关键词 Low-voltage electrical apparatus Collaborative assembly Artificial potential field based planning Adaptive quantum genetic algorithm Dynamic interaction
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Small but big leaps towards neuroglycomics:exploring N-glycome in the brain to advance the understanding of brain development and function
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作者 Boyoung Lee Hyun Joo An 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期489-490,共2页
Glycosylation is a process that involves the addition of sugar moieties or glycans to different types of molecules,including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Among these,protein glycosylation is one of the most preva... Glycosylation is a process that involves the addition of sugar moieties or glycans to different types of molecules,including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.Among these,protein glycosylation is one of the most prevalent forms of post-translational modification,playing a crucial role in biological complexity.With more than ten monosaccharides identified within mammalian brain cells and more than 1×1012 possible combinations,the heterogeneity of glycosylation is extensive(Conroy et al.,2021).The diversity of glycans and the complexity of their structures allow for a wide range of protein functions.N-glycans are one of the most abundant forms of glycans and are involved in various cellular functions.N-glycans can be added to proteins at specific sequons,Asn-X-Ser/Thr,and are classified into three main types in mature glycoproteins:high mannose,complex,and hybrid.High mannose N-glycans consist of 5-9 mannose residues linked to a chitobiose core and undergo processing into complex or hybrid forms in the Golgi apparatus(Varki et al.,2017).Complex N-glycans are more diverse and contain various branched structures such as antennae with fucose,galactose,and sialic acid residues.Hybrid N-glycans contain one or more complex branches in conjunction with an oligomannose branch(Fisher and Ungar,2016).Understanding the specific functions of these different types of N-glycans in protein regulation,folding,and function is an active area of research in the life sciences,including glycobiology. 展开更多
关键词 functions FUNCTION apparatus
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A multifunctional shear apparatus for rocks subjected to true triaxial stress and high temperature in real-time
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作者 Jun Zhao Xia-Ting Feng +2 位作者 Jia-Rong Wang Liang Hu Yue Guo 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第9期3524-3543,共20页
Deep engineering disasters,such as rockbursts and collapses,are more related to the shear slip of rock joints.A novel multifunctional device was developed to study the shear failure mechanism in rocks.Using this devic... Deep engineering disasters,such as rockbursts and collapses,are more related to the shear slip of rock joints.A novel multifunctional device was developed to study the shear failure mechanism in rocks.Using this device,the complete shearedeformation process and long-term shear creep tests could be performed on rocks under constant normal stiffness(CNS)or constant normal loading(CNL)conditions in real-time at high temperature and true-triaxial stress.During the research and development process,five key technologies were successfully broken through:(1)the ability to perform true-triaxial compressioneshear loading tests on rock samples with high stiffness;(2)a shear box with ultra-low friction throughout the entire stress space of the rock sample during loading;(3)a control system capable of maintaining high stress for a long time and responding rapidly to the brittle fracture of a rock sample as well;(4)a refined ability to measure the volumetric deformation of rock samples subjected to true triaxial shearing;and(5)a heating system capable of maintaining uniform heating of the rock sample over a long time.By developing these technologies,loading under high true triaxial stress conditions was realized.The apparatus has a maximum normal stiffness of 1000 GPa/m and a maximum operating temperature of 300C.The differences in the surface temperature of the sample are constant to within5C.Five types of true triaxial shear tests were conducted on homogeneous sandstone to verify that the apparatus has good performance and reliability.The results show that temperature,lateral stress,normal stress and time influence the shear deformation,failure mode and strength of the sandstone.The novel apparatus can be reliably used to conduct true-triaxial shear tests on rocks subjected to high temperatures and stress. 展开更多
关键词 True-triaxial shear apparatus ROCKS Complete shear stressedeformation process CREEP Real-time high-temperature
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A novel rapid cooling assembly design in a high-pressure cubic press apparatus
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作者 Peiyan Wu Yongjiang Xu Yanhao Lin 《Matter and Radiation at Extremes》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第2期98-104,共7页
In traditional high-pressure–temperature assembly design, priority has been given to temperature insulation and retention at high pressures.This limits the efficiency of cooling of samples at the end of experiments, ... In traditional high-pressure–temperature assembly design, priority has been given to temperature insulation and retention at high pressures.This limits the efficiency of cooling of samples at the end of experiments, with a negative impact on many studies in high-pressure Earth andplanetary science. Inefficient cooling of experiments containing molten phases at high temperature leads to the formation of quench textures,which makes it impossible to quantify key compositional parameters of the original molten phase, such as their volatile contents. Here,we present a new low-cost experimental assembly for rapid cooling in a six-anvil cubic press. This assembly not only retains high heatingefficiency and thermal insulation, but also enables a very high cooling rate (∼600 ℃/s from 1900 ℃ to the glass transition temperature).Without using expensive materials or external modification of the press, the cooling rate in an assembly (∼600 ℃/s) with cube lengths of38.5 mm is about ten times faster than that in the traditional assembly (∼60 ℃/s). Experiments yielding inhomogeneous quenched melttextures when the traditional assembly is used are shown to yield homogeneous silicate glass without quench textures when the rapid coolingassembly is used. 展开更多
关键词 CUBIC INSULATION apparatus
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Rock strength weakening subject to principal stress rotation:Experimental and numerical investigations
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作者 Huandui Liu Guibin Wang +2 位作者 Chunhe Yang Junyue Zhang Shiwan Chen 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第9期3544-3557,共14页
During the construction and operation of gas storage reservoirs,changes in the principal stress direction can induce fracture propagation under conditions of lower differential stress,potentially leading to failure in... During the construction and operation of gas storage reservoirs,changes in the principal stress direction can induce fracture propagation under conditions of lower differential stress,potentially leading to failure in the surrounding rock.However,the weakening of strength due to pure stress rotation has not yet been investigated.Based on fracture mechanics,an enhanced Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion considering stress rotation is proposed and verified with experimental and numerical simulations.The micro-damage state and the evolution of the rock under the pure stress-rotation condition are analyzed.The findings indicate that differential stress exceeding the crack initiation stress is a prerequisite for stress rotation to promote the development of rock damage.As the differential stress increases,stress rotation is more likely to induce rock damage,leading to a transition from brittle to plastic failure,characterized by wider fractures and a more complex fracture network.Overall,a negative exponential relationship exists between the stress rotation angle required for rock failure and the differential stress.The feasibility of applying the enhanced criterion to practical engineering is discussed using monitoring data obtained from a mine-by tunnel.This study introduces new concepts for understanding the damage evolution of the surrounding rock under complex stress paths and offers a new theoretical basis for predicting the damage of gas storage reservoirs. 展开更多
关键词 Principal stress rotation(PSR) Fracture mechanics Hollow cylinder torsional apparatus for rock (HCAR) Particle flow method Rock strength
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Analysis of strength characteristics of loess before and after freezing using a hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus
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作者 Peng Shen QingZhi Wang +2 位作者 JianHong Fang ChenWei Wang Kui Zhang 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2024年第2期63-72,共10页
This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the principal stress angle rotation and intermediate principal stress on loess's strength and deformation characteristics. A hollow cylinder torsional sh... This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the principal stress angle rotation and intermediate principal stress on loess's strength and deformation characteristics. A hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus was utilized to conduct tests on remolded samples under both normal and frozen conditions to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation behavior of loess under complex stress conditions. The results indicate significant differences in the internal changes of soil particles, unfrozen water, and relative positions in soil samples under normal and frozen conditions, leading to noticeable variations in strength and strain development.In frozen state, loess experiences primarily compressive failure with a slow growth of cracks, while at normal temperature, it predominantly exhibits shear failure. With the increase in the principal stress angle, the deformation patterns of the soil samples under different conditions become essentially consistent, gradually transitioning from compression to extension, accompanied by a reduction in axial strength. The gradual increase in the principal stress axis angle(α) reduces the strength of the generalized shear stress and shear strain curves.Under an increasing α, frozen soil exhibits strain-hardening characteristics, with the maximum shear strength occurring at α = 45°. The intermediate principal stress coefficient(b) also significantly impacts the strength of frozen soil, with an increasing b resulting in a gradual decrease in generalized shear stress strength. This study provides a reference for comprehensively exploring the mechanical properties of soil under traffic load and a reliable theoretical basis for the design and maintenance of roadbeds. 展开更多
关键词 LOESS Hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus Major principal stress angle Intermediate principal stress coefficient
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Late Triassic(Norian)Conodont Apparatuses Revealed by Conodont Clusters from Yunnan Province,Southwestern China 被引量:7
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作者 Weiping Zeng Mark A.Purnell +1 位作者 Haishui Jiang Muhui Zhang 《Journal of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第3期709-724,共16页
Almost all aspects of conodont research rely on a sound taxonomy based on comparative analysis.This is founded on hypotheses of homology which ultimately rest on knowledge of the location of elements in the apparatus.... Almost all aspects of conodont research rely on a sound taxonomy based on comparative analysis.This is founded on hypotheses of homology which ultimately rest on knowledge of the location of elements in the apparatus.Natural assemblages—fossils that preserve the articulated remains of the conodont skeletal apparatus—provide our only direct evidence for element location,but very few are known from the Late Triassic.Here we describe fused clusters(natural assemblages)from the late Norian limestone beds of the Nanshuba Formation in Baoshan,Yunnan Province,southwestern China.Recurrent arrangements and juxtaposition of S and M elements in multiple clusters reveal the composition of the apparatus of Mockina and,probably,Parvigondolella.They indicate that these taxa had a standard 15 elements ozarkodinid apparatus,and provide new insights into the morphology of the elements occupying the P2,M and S locations of the apparatus.The apparatus comprised a single alate(hibbardelliform)S0 element,paired breviform digyrate(grodelliform)S1 and(enantiognathiform)S2 elements,paired bipennate(hindeodelliform)S3 and S4 elements,paired breviform digyrate(cypridodellifrom)M elements,paired,modified-angulate P2 elements(with reduced or lacking‘posterior’process)and segminiplanate(mockiniform and parvigondolelliform)P1 elements.Our results will allow testing of the hypothesis that Mockina,Parvigondolella and Misikella—critical taxa in Late Triassic biostratigraphy—are closely related and possessed morphologically similar elements in homologous locations. 展开更多
关键词 conodont apparatus Mockina Parvigondolella Misikella TRIASSIC
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Advances in development of shear-flow testing apparatuses and methods for rock fractures:A review 被引量:1
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作者 Yujing Jiang Bo Li +2 位作者 Changsheng Wang Zhenyu Song Bingming Yan 《Rock Mechanics Bulletin》 2022年第1期5-32,共28页
Understanding the mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rocks and their coupled processes is of great significance for the exploration,design,construction,operation,and maintenance of many rock engineering ... Understanding the mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rocks and their coupled processes is of great significance for the exploration,design,construction,operation,and maintenance of many rock engineering projects such as hydropower development,oil and gas extraction,and underground waste disposal.With the rapid advancement of global and national strategies such as the“Paris Agreement”and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,more and more projects are developed in the complex geological environment with varying geological structures.Shear failure and rock instability are prone to occur in fractured rock masses under the coupled effects of high stress,high pore pressure,and engineering disturbance,which are main sources for engineering disasters such as roof collapse and caving,water and mud inrushes,and induced earthquakes.To solve these problems,extensive research on the coupled shear-flow behavior of fractures has been conducted.However,due to the complex mechanical,hydraulic and geometrical characteristics of single fractures and fracture networks,a large number of outstanding issues related to the impact of the coupled processes on the engineering characteristics of rock masses are still unsolved.The relevant experimental apparatuses and methods remain to be further developed.Therefore,in this review,we analyze and summarize the existing shear-flow experimental apparatuses,classify apparatus configurations,specimen shapes,and testing principles,and compare their advantages and disadvantages.We also summarize the main scientific findings obtained from various experimental apparatuses,aiming to provide a reference for developing new shear-flow experimental apparatuses and conducting related scientific research in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Rock fracture SHEAR-FLOW Testing apparatus Fault slip PERMEABILITY
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Geostructures, dynamics and risk mitigation of high-altitude and long- runout rockslides 被引量:6
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作者 Yueping Yin Bin Li +3 位作者 Yang Gao Wenpei Wang Shilin Zhang Nan Zhang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期66-101,共36页
Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures.This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rock... Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures.This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides.Two types of sliding-prone geostructure models,i.e.the fault control type in orogenic belt and the fold control type in platform area,are proposed.Then,large-scale experimental apparatus and associated numerical simulations are conducted to understanding the chain-style dynamics of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow.The results reveal the fragmentation effects,the rheological behaviors and the boundary layer effect of long-runout avalanche-debris flow.The dynamic character-istics of quasi-static-transition-inertia state and solid-liquid coupling in rapid movement of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow are investigated.Finally,the risk mitigation strategy of the non-structure and structure for resilient energy dissipation are illustrated for initiation,transition and deposition zones.The structural prevention and mitigation methods have been successfully applied to the high-altitude and long-runout rockslides in Zhouqu and Maoxian of the Wenchuan earthquake zone,as well as the other major geohazards in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. 展开更多
关键词 ROCKSLIDE High-altitude and long-runout Sliding-prone geostructure Large-scale experimental apparatus Risk mitigation strategy Structural prevention technique
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An extraordinary multielement apparatus of conodont Nicoraella from the Middle Triassic Luoping Biota,southwest China
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作者 Jin-yuan Huang 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2023年第1期183-184,共2页
Conodont animal is an extinct group of marine animals.The conodont elements and their hard skeletal remains are originally from the head region of this kind of animal,and they are considered to be functioned as“teeth... Conodont animal is an extinct group of marine animals.The conodont elements and their hard skeletal remains are originally from the head region of this kind of animal,and they are considered to be functioned as“teeth”.The“multielement apparatus”can also be called the“(conodont)apparatus”,“multimembrate(skeletal)apparatus”. 展开更多
关键词 apparatus SOUTHWEST MIDDLE
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A rigid true triaxial apparatus for analyses of deformation and failure features of deep weak rock under excavation stress paths
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作者 Xia-Ting Feng Xiaojun Yu +2 位作者 Yangyi Zhou Chengxiang Yang Feiyan Wang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第5期1065-1075,共11页
The squeezing scenario in deep weak rock tunnels can hinder underground construction.However,due to the limitations of test technologies at hand,the real excavation stress path cannot be mimicked in the laboratory.Thu... The squeezing scenario in deep weak rock tunnels can hinder underground construction.However,due to the limitations of test technologies at hand,the real excavation stress path cannot be mimicked in the laboratory.Thus,the large deformation mechanism of deep weak rocks still remains unclear.For this,a true triaxial apparatus(TTA)to investigate the mechanical responses of deep weak rock under excavation stress paths in field and reveal the squeezing mechanism of deep tunnels is assembled and developed at Northeastern University,China.The apparatus can perform instantaneous unloading in s3 direction based on electromagnetism technology.In addition,uniform loading and deformation measurements can be carried out based on the proposed linked interlocking clamp and antifriction device,even if the sample has a strong dilatation deformation performance.Next,a bore trepanning is designed to capture noiseless acoustic emission(AE)signals for deep weak rock at a low threshold.Finally,two tests were are conducted using this instrument to preliminarily understand the failure and deformation features of deep weak rock based on fractured marble.The results show that the complete stressestrain curves of fractured marble have the characteristics of low strengths and large deformations,and the larger deformation and the more serious failure occur when the fractured marble enters the post-peak state after excavation.The results show that the developed apparatus is likely to be applicable for deep weak rock engineering. 展开更多
关键词 True triaxial apparatus(TTA) Deep weak rock Large deformation Excavation stress path Instantaneous unloading
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The Physiological Mechanisms Underlying N_(2)-Fixing Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Tolerance to Iron Deficiency
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作者 Abdelmajid Krouma 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2023年第7期2133-2150,共18页
Iron is an essential element for plants as well as all living organisms,functioning in various physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis,respiration,DNA synthesis,and N2 fixation.In the soil,Fe bi... Iron is an essential element for plants as well as all living organisms,functioning in various physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis,respiration,DNA synthesis,and N2 fixation.In the soil,Fe bioavailability is extremely low,especially under aerobic conditions and at high pH ranges.In contrast,plants with nodules on their roots that fix atmospheric nitrogen need much more iron.To highlight the physiological traits underlying the tolerance of N2-fixing common bean to iron deficiency,two genotypes were hydroponically cultivated in a greenhouse:Coco nain(CN)and Coco blanc(CB).Plants were inoculated with an efficient strain of Rhizobium tropici,CIAT899,and received a nutrient solution added with 0μM Fe(severe Fe deficiency,SFeD),5μM Fe(moderate Fe deficiency,MFeD)or 45μM Fe(control,C).Several physiological parameters related to photosynthesis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were then analyzed.Iron deficiency significantly reduced whole plant and nodule growth,chlorophyll biosynthesis,photosynthesis,leghemoglobin(LgHb),nitrogenase(N2ase)activity,nitrogen,and Fe nutrition,with some genotypic differences.As compared to CB,CN maintained better Fe allocation to shoots and nodules,allowing it to preserve the integrity of its photosynthetic and symbiotic apparatus,thus maintaining the key functional traits of the plant metabolism(chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in shoots,leghemoglobin accumulation,and nitrogenase activity in root nodules).Plant growth depends on photosynthesis,which needs to be supplied with sufficient iron and nitrogen.Fe deficiency stress index(FeD-SI)and Fe use efficiency(FeUE)are two physiological traits of tolerance that discriminated the studied genotypes. 展开更多
关键词 TRAITS METABOLISM apparatus
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Mechanical deformation properties of Continuous Welded Rail on kilometer-span suspension bridge for high-speed railway
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作者 Xiaopei Cai Wanli Liu +2 位作者 Liang Gao Yonghua Su Jingfan Yang 《High-Speed Railway》 2023年第2期97-109,共13页
The complex bridge-track interaction between kilometer-span bridges and continuous Welded Rail(CWR)brings great challenges to CWR designing.Taking a suspension bridge with laying CWR as a case,the mechanical propertie... The complex bridge-track interaction between kilometer-span bridges and continuous Welded Rail(CWR)brings great challenges to CWR designing.Taking a suspension bridge with laying CWR as a case,the mechanical properties of CWR on the bridge are analyzed to reveal the sensitive areas of the track,and the design method of CWR and track structures on the beam ends are proposed.The results show that the unidirectional Rail Expansion Joints(REJ)need to be installed on the beam end of the kilometer-span bridge to reduce rail longitudinal force.Due to the bridge characteristics,there is no CWR fixed area on the kilometer-span bridge,and rail longitudinal force on the main span caused by bending loads needs to be concerned.The deformation of track on the beam end is complex,which is the weak area on the kilometer bridge,the large relative displacement between the stock rail of REJ and the main beam can cause poor stability of ballast bed on beam end,small resistance fasteners need to be laid on the sides of stock rail on the main beam to increase the stability of ballast and fasteners on the beam end.To improve the driving safety and comfort of beam end,the Sleeper-Supporting Apparatus(SSA)should be specially designed to ensure the uniform transition of track on beam ends.Temperature and wind loads have a significant impact on track regularity on the kilometer span bridge,the dynamic response of trains and bridges under those loads needs to be attended to. 展开更多
关键词 Kilometer-span suspension bridge Continuous welded rail Rail expansion joint Statics mechanical properties Sleeper-supporting apparatus Dynamic response
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Feminism Demystified-history and Beyond
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作者 Tanzim Aziz 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2023年第11期892-896,共5页
The study explores Feminism by focusing broadly on its history and further examining using Marxism and critical discourses by other feminists.Feminism refers to the idea that women and men ought to have equal rights.I... The study explores Feminism by focusing broadly on its history and further examining using Marxism and critical discourses by other feminists.Feminism refers to the idea that women and men ought to have equal rights.In 1734,the Swedish Civil Code gave women more rights,most notably prohibiting husbands from selling their wives’possessions without their approval.In her 1790 essay“On the equality of the sexes,”American women’s rights campaigner Judith Sargent Murray claimed that women are just as bright as men.British author Mary Wollstonecraft responded to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and other 18th-century Enlightenment intellectuals who did not extend their concepts of freedom to women in her 1792 book A Vindication of the Rights of Women.She challenges the idea that women are less logical than males and opposes the injustice.“Who made man the exclusive judge?”she demands.However,Frenchman Charles Fourier coined the term“feminisme”in 1837,marking the beginning of the concept of feminism.The Victorian Social Convention exalted and imposed the domestic roles of wife and mother on most married middle-class women in 19th-century Britain.Career aspirations were restricted because they were not allowed to receive an education on par with that of males.In The Communist Manifesto,German philosophers and revolutionary political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels contend that a bourgeois man regards his wife as nothing more than an apparatus of production.According to Engles,the family is at the core of the violence and oppression that women experience.Marxist feminists saw capitalism and patriarchy as the two fundamental systems that supported the subjugation of women.The British writer and social theorist Harriet Taylor Mill underlined that a lady who could support the family financially and had a good education would be respected by her husband and treated as a partner.However,men utilize rape as a means of controlling women,as seen by the social inequities that still affect women today.It’s shocking to learn that rape was a taboo topic until 1975 when Susan Brownmiller authored Against Our Will:Men,Women,and Rape.There was a notion that said women’s sexuality encourages rape,hence the guilt was frequently placed on the female victims.Nonetheless,postcolonial feminists such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty contend that regardless of their status as powerful or marginal,wealthy or not,women residing in non-Western nations are presumed to be impoverished,uninformed,uneducated,sexually restricted,tradition-bound,and victims.FGM(female genital cutting)has been a custom for at least 2,500 years,still practiced in thirty countries,mostly in Africa,Indonesia,and the Middle East.It is not connected to chastity and purity,guaranteeing that women remain virgins until marriage and remain faithful afterward.In this essay,Finally,I have looked at how women have faced discrimination in a variety of settings,including the home and the workplace,for millennia due to their gender. 展开更多
关键词 FEMINISM equal rights freedom to women an apparatus of production subjugation of women social inequities
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Not Relying on the Newton Gravitational Constant Gives More Accurate Gravitational Predictions
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作者 Espen Gaarder Haug 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第10期3124-3158,共35页
The Newton gravitational constant is considered a cornerstone of modern gravity theory. Newton did not invent or use the gravity constant;it was invented in 1873, about the same time as it became standard to use the k... The Newton gravitational constant is considered a cornerstone of modern gravity theory. Newton did not invent or use the gravity constant;it was invented in 1873, about the same time as it became standard to use the kilogram mass definition. We will claim that G is just a term needed to correct the incomplete kilogram definition so to be able to make gravity predictions. But there is another way;namely, to directly use a more complete mass definition, something that in recent years has been introduced as collision-time and a corresponding energy called collision-length. The collision-length is quantum gravitational energy. We will clearly demonstrate that by working with mass and energy based on these new concepts, rather than kilogram and the gravitational constant, one can significantly reduce the uncertainty in most gravity predictions. 展开更多
关键词 Gravity Predictions Reduction of Errors Newton’s Gravitational Constant Collision Space-Time Cavendish Apparatus Planck Length Planck Time
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国外测井专利
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《国外测井技术》 2023年第3期26-26,53,60,89,93,98,102,108,124,共9页
专利名称:Method and apparatus for automatically recognizing electrical imaging well logging facies专利申请号:GB20190005799申请日:2019.04.25公开号:GB2578341(A)公开日:2020.05.06申请人:PetroChina Company Limited Automati... 专利名称:Method and apparatus for automatically recognizing electrical imaging well logging facies专利申请号:GB20190005799申请日:2019.04.25公开号:GB2578341(A)公开日:2020.05.06申请人:PetroChina Company Limited Automatically recognising an electrical imaging well logging facies comprising acquiring(step 101)historical data of electrical imaging well logging.The data is pre-processed(step 102)to generate an electrical imaging well logging image covering a full hole.A typical imaging well logging facies is recognised(step 103)in the image covering a full hole and that image is determined as a training sample in accordance with a category of the imaging well logging facies.A deep learning model such as an artificial neural network is constructed(step 104)which includes an input layer,a plurality of hidden layers and an output layer.The model is trained(step 105)using the training sample to obtain a trained deep learning model.The well logging facies of an electrical imaging well logging image of a well section to be recognised is recognised(step 106)using the trained deep learning model.The deep-learning model may include a 17 layer structure wherein the 2nd to 16th layers are the hidden layers. 展开更多
关键词 LOGGING apparatus CATEGORY
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多功能蓄冷空调实验装置的研制和应用 被引量:9
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作者 周文铸 刘道平 +1 位作者 殷亮 陈之航 《上海理工大学学报》 CAS 1998年第1期97-102,共6页
设计建立了一台多功能蓄冷空调实验装置.它可以模拟制冷剂直接蒸发式冰蓄冷罐的运行过程、循环水直接接触融冰供冷循环过程和对房间实行低温送风过程.运用冷媒,可以进行间接冷媒冷却下有限空间内管束外冰-水固液相变过程的研究.应... 设计建立了一台多功能蓄冷空调实验装置.它可以模拟制冷剂直接蒸发式冰蓄冷罐的运行过程、循环水直接接触融冰供冷循环过程和对房间实行低温送风过程.运用冷媒,可以进行间接冷媒冷却下有限空间内管束外冰-水固液相变过程的研究.应用该实验台,进行了有限空间内管束外冰-水固液相变过程的研究,和制冷剂直接蒸发式冰蓄冷过程动态特性的研究,实验研究结果可为冰蓄冷器的设计和优化提供科学依据. 展开更多
关键词 蓄冷空调 传热 固液相变 实验装置
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Leaf Epidermal Feature in Clematis (Ranunculaceae) with Reference to Its Systematic Significance 被引量:21
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作者 史京华 李良千 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2003年第3期257-268,共12页
For finding valuable systematic characters, leaf epidermis of 77 taxa, representing 12 sections of the genus Clematis and three related genera in the Ranunculaceae, were examined mainly by means of light microscop... For finding valuable systematic characters, leaf epidermis of 77 taxa, representing 12 sections of the genus Clematis and three related genera in the Ranunculaceae, were examined mainly by means of light microscopy (LM), and partially by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the leaf epidermal cells were usually irregular or polygonal in shape. The patterns of anticlinal walls were straight, arched or undulate. The stomatal apparatus is anomocytic and exists in abaxial epidermis of all species, and in the adaxial epidermis of some species. Under SEM observation, the leaf epidermis was often striated, seldom nearly smooth, and often with flakes attached. Evidence from leaf epidermis serves as a criterion for distinguishing the subsections in sect. Meclatis (Spach) Tamura and in sect. Fruticella Tamura. The results also support that there are several separate evolutionary processes in the genus Clematis . 展开更多
关键词 RANUNCULACEAE CLEMATIS leaf epidermis stomatal apparatus
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奥曲肽生物可降解微球两种体外释放方法的比较研究 被引量:2
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作者 包璇 董堃华 刘哲鹏 《应用化工》 CAS CSCD 2013年第1期189-190,194,共3页
研究比较USP Apparatus 4与采样分析法在聚乙酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)微球体外释放测试中的适用性,评估了奥曲肽生物可降解微球的体外释放。使用USP Apparatus 4得到的30 d累计释放量高于使用采样分析法约22.6%。这种差异归于采样过程中微球... 研究比较USP Apparatus 4与采样分析法在聚乙酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)微球体外释放测试中的适用性,评估了奥曲肽生物可降解微球的体外释放。使用USP Apparatus 4得到的30 d累计释放量高于使用采样分析法约22.6%。这种差异归于采样过程中微球的损失及测试过程中微球的聚合。 展开更多
关键词 微球 体外释放 采样分析法 USP Apparatus 4
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