Apparent Kinetics of 1-Decene Polymerization Catalyzed Using the Ionic Liquid[Bmim]_(x)[C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3)]_(1-x)[Al_(2)Cl_(7)]

Poly-α-olefin(PAO)synthetic oil,a regular long-chain alkane produced from the catalytic polymerization ofα-olefin,is a high-quality lubricating base oil with huge market potential.In this study,PAO synthesis based on the catalytic polymerization of 1-decene using the ionic liquid(IL)[Bmim]_(x)[C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3)]_(1-x)[Al_(2)Cl_(7)]as the catalyst was studied.Compared with the conventional catalyst[Bmim][Al_(2)Cl_(7)],the obtained PAO product incorporates more trimers and tetramers of 1-decene and contains few double-bond end groups,demonstrating a better catalytic system for PAO-10 production.The apparent polymerization kinetics of 1-decene in this catalytic system were studied based on the 1-decene concentration,catalyst concentration,and reaction temperature.An apparent kinetic equation for PAO formation was determined,providing a promising strategy for PAO production using 1-decene polymerization.

Apparent Kinetics for Electrosynthesis Process of Chromic Acid

A new green technique for producing chromic acid via an electrosynthesis method was studied.The kinetic experiments were carried out on the direct electrosynthesis reaction of chromic acid from sodium dichromate in a self-made electrosynthesis reactor with a multiple-unit metal oxides combination anode,a stainless steel cathode,and a reinforcing combination Nafion 324 cation exchange membrane.The apparent kinetic data were experimentally measured at different reaction time under different reaction conditions by relating many essential cell processes and their interaction,as well as their synergistic effect to the whole electrochemical synthesis process.The results show that the electrosynthesis reaction process follows a quasi-first-order reaction kinetic characteristic.The apparent kinetic model of the electrosynthesis reaction was established,and kinetic parameters were calculated.

Kinetic Study of Thermal Polymerization Reactions between Diazide and Different Diynes

The reaction kinetics between diazide（4,4＇-biphenyl dibenzyl azide） and different diynes（dipropargyl bisphenol A and 1,3-diethynylbenzene） were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（~1H-NMR）.DSC was adopted to analyze the reactions under bulk polymerization condition,while ~1H-NMR for solution reaction polymerization was conducted.The apparent activation energies（E_α） calculated by Kissinger＇s method were 77.96,81.24 k J/mol,which were confirmed by Friedman＇s method,and 65.45,69.36 k J/mol by ~1H-NMR for dispropargyl bisphenol A/4,4＇-biphenyl dibenzyl azide and 1,3-diethynylbenzene/4,4＇-biphenyl dibenzyl azide,respectively.The polymerizations between the diazide and diynes were first-order reactions based on calculation from both DSC and ~1H-NMR.The results showed that the reaction between dipropargyl bisphenol A and 4,4＇-biphenyl dibenzyl azide was easier than that between 1,3-diethynylbenzene and 4,4＇-biphenyl dibenzyl azide,verifying that the reactivity of aliphatic alkyne was higher than that of aromatic alkyne.

Removal kinetics of phosphorus from synthetic wastewater using basic oxygen furnace slag

Removal kinetics of phosphorus through use of basic oxygen furnace slag（BOF-slag）was investigated through batch experiments. Effects of several parameters such as initial phosphorus concentration, temperature, BOF-slag size, initial p H, and BOF-slag dosage on phosphorus removal kinetics were measured in detail. It was demonstrated that the removal process of phosphorus through BOF-slag followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The apparent rate constant（kobs） significantly decreased with increasing initial phosphorus concentration, BOF-slag size, and initial p H, whereas it exhibited an opposite trend with increasing reaction temperature and BOF-slag dosage.A linear dependence of kobson total removed phosphorus（TRP） was established with kobs=（3.51 ± 0.11） × 10^-4× TRP. Finally, it was suggested that the Langmuir–Rideal（L–R）or Langmuir–Hinshelwood（L–H） mechanism may be used to describe the removal process of phosphorus using BOF-slag.