An experimental study has been made of oxidation kinetics of Ti in molten Cu-Ti alloy under watery atmosphere at 1500℃.The results may be expressed as follows: [Ti]_(Cu)=0.92-0.69t O≤t≤1.0(h) [Ti]_(Cu)=0.02t^2-0.14...An experimental study has been made of oxidation kinetics of Ti in molten Cu-Ti alloy under watery atmosphere at 1500℃.The results may be expressed as follows: [Ti]_(Cu)=0.92-0.69t O≤t≤1.0(h) [Ti]_(Cu)=0.02t^2-0.14t+0.35 1.0≤t≤6.0(h) where t is time in hour.The apparent rate and order of reaction are: (-d[Ti]_(Cu))/dt=0.69,pseudo-zeroth order,k=0.69 (-d[Ti]_(Cu))/dt=0.14-0.04t,pseudo-0.85 order,k=0.39 The apparent mass tranfer coefficient is k'=0.16 cm/h,and the relation of W^2 vs time is: W^2=1.04·10^(-4)t展开更多
An experimental study has been made of the mass transfer of Ti and Si between slags and mol- ten Cu under constant oxygen potential at 1500℃.Apparent mass transfer coefficients of Ti and Si in molten Cu have been obt...An experimental study has been made of the mass transfer of Ti and Si between slags and mol- ten Cu under constant oxygen potential at 1500℃.Apparent mass transfer coefficients of Ti and Si in molten Cu have been obtained.展开更多
Understanding the vibration characteristics of a seated human body is critical for evaluation and improvement of ride comfort of various passenger vehicles. There have been very little publications about the vibration...Understanding the vibration characteristics of a seated human body is critical for evaluation and improvement of ride comfort of various passenger vehicles. There have been very little publications about the vibration characteristics of a seated Chinese human body. By using wide-band white noise excitations and a homemade seat sensor, vertical vibration tests were carried out on 28 volunteers. Apparent masses were obtained for each volunteer at a frequency range of 1-20 Hz for various excitation le-vels. A biodynamic model, which has two degrees of freedom in parallel and includes a frame mass, was chosen to describe the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body. The model parameters were identified by means of a Gauss-Newton method with an error function defined in terms of both real and imaginary parts of the apparent mass against frequency. Based on the averaged data of the mass-normalized apparent mass from experiments, the model parameters and corresponding modal parameters were obtained for seated Chinese people at ages of 20-25 with standard weight. The apparent masses predicted by the biodynamic model with identified parameters agree very well with those obtained from experiments. Statistical analysis demonstrates the influence of volunteer’s height and weight on the model parameters for a seated human body.展开更多
Investigation of the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body is beneficial for the design and development of vehicle ride comfort.In this study,we first established models of the seated human body ...Investigation of the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body is beneficial for the design and development of vehicle ride comfort.In this study,we first established models of the seated human body with two,three and four degrees of freedom(DOF).Then,the vibration characteristics of 30 volunteers were tested under standard conditions with a vibration test rig to obtain data for the apparent mass,driving point mechanical impedance,and seat-to-head transfer function.Based on the experimental data,the parameters of these models are identified and the results show that the four-DOF model can simulate the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body more comprehensively.Then,different seated human body models were applied to optimize the damping of shock absorber.The results show that the optimized damping with the four-DOF Chinese seated human body model is 27%more than that with rigid mass and 7%less than that with ISO 5982:2001 seated human body model.展开更多
文摘An experimental study has been made of oxidation kinetics of Ti in molten Cu-Ti alloy under watery atmosphere at 1500℃.The results may be expressed as follows: [Ti]_(Cu)=0.92-0.69t O≤t≤1.0(h) [Ti]_(Cu)=0.02t^2-0.14t+0.35 1.0≤t≤6.0(h) where t is time in hour.The apparent rate and order of reaction are: (-d[Ti]_(Cu))/dt=0.69,pseudo-zeroth order,k=0.69 (-d[Ti]_(Cu))/dt=0.14-0.04t,pseudo-0.85 order,k=0.39 The apparent mass tranfer coefficient is k'=0.16 cm/h,and the relation of W^2 vs time is: W^2=1.04·10^(-4)t
文摘An experimental study has been made of the mass transfer of Ti and Si between slags and mol- ten Cu under constant oxygen potential at 1500℃.Apparent mass transfer coefficients of Ti and Si in molten Cu have been obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50675110)the Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy (Grant No. ZZ080082)
文摘Understanding the vibration characteristics of a seated human body is critical for evaluation and improvement of ride comfort of various passenger vehicles. There have been very little publications about the vibration characteristics of a seated Chinese human body. By using wide-band white noise excitations and a homemade seat sensor, vertical vibration tests were carried out on 28 volunteers. Apparent masses were obtained for each volunteer at a frequency range of 1-20 Hz for various excitation le-vels. A biodynamic model, which has two degrees of freedom in parallel and includes a frame mass, was chosen to describe the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body. The model parameters were identified by means of a Gauss-Newton method with an error function defined in terms of both real and imaginary parts of the apparent mass against frequency. Based on the averaged data of the mass-normalized apparent mass from experiments, the model parameters and corresponding modal parameters were obtained for seated Chinese people at ages of 20-25 with standard weight. The apparent masses predicted by the biodynamic model with identified parameters agree very well with those obtained from experiments. Statistical analysis demonstrates the influence of volunteer’s height and weight on the model parameters for a seated human body.
文摘Investigation of the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body is beneficial for the design and development of vehicle ride comfort.In this study,we first established models of the seated human body with two,three and four degrees of freedom(DOF).Then,the vibration characteristics of 30 volunteers were tested under standard conditions with a vibration test rig to obtain data for the apparent mass,driving point mechanical impedance,and seat-to-head transfer function.Based on the experimental data,the parameters of these models are identified and the results show that the four-DOF model can simulate the vertical vibration characteristics of the seated human body more comprehensively.Then,different seated human body models were applied to optimize the damping of shock absorber.The results show that the optimized damping with the four-DOF Chinese seated human body model is 27%more than that with rigid mass and 7%less than that with ISO 5982:2001 seated human body model.
