Effect of Adhesive Type on the Quality of Coconut Shell Charcoal Briquettes Prepared by the Screw Extruder Machine

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut-producing countries in the world.The utilization of coconut shell waste into briquettes will increase the selling value and become a great export opportunity.However,the effect of adhesives on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes made using screw extruder machine has not been widely studied.This study aims to determine the effect of adhesive type on the quality of coconut shell charcoal briquettes.The process of fabricating briquettes in this study included crushing,mixing,blending,pressing,and drying.In the mixing process,3 types of adhesives were used,namely tapioca flour(Briquette_1),cassava flour(Briquette_2),and modified cassava flour(Briquette_3)with a concentration of 5%of the weight of coconut shell charcoal powders.The quality of the resulting briquettes and commercial briquettes will be evaluated by moisture content,ash content,volatile matter,fixed carbon,calorific value,density,compressive,and drop test testing.The results of this research showed that the type of adhesive had a significant effect on the quality of the briquettes produced.Specimen Briquette_1 had better quality than commercial briquettes(Briquette_4)and other briquette specimens.The test results showed that Briquette_1 produced briquettes with better compressive strength and friability than the other specimens,at 6.95 N/mm^(2) and 4.44%,respectively.The moisture content,ash content,fixed carbon,and calorific value of Briquette_1 have met the requirements set by the Indonesian National Standard(SNI)number 01-6235-2000.Meanwhile,the volatile matter content and density of Briquette_1 are by the standards of Japan and the United States America(USA).

Charcoal Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Doxorubicin and Sorafenib in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced HCC displays strong resistance to chemotherapy, and traditional chemotherapy drugs do not achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. The delivery of therapeutic compounds to the target site is a major challenge in the treatment of many diseases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate activated charcoal nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for anticancer agents (Sorafenib and Doxorubicin) in Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells. Method: The percent efficiency of entrapment (% EE) of the doxorubicin and sorafenib entrapped onto the activated charcoal was obtained by determining the free doxorubicin and sorafenib concentration in the supernatant-prepared solutions. Then the characterizations of nanoparticles were formed by determination of the particle size distribution, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). The anticancer activity of activated Charcoal, Doxorubicin-ACNP, sorafenib-ACNP, free doxorubicin, and free sorafenib solutions was measured based on cell viability percentage in HepG2 cell lines (ATCC-CCL 75). In vitro RBC’s toxicity of Doxorubicin/sorafenib loaded charcoal was estimated by hemolysis percentage. Results: The synthesized Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP were evaluated and their physiochemical properties were also examined. Essentially, the percent Efficiency of Entrapment (EE %) was found to be 87.5% and 82.66% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP, respectively. The loading capacity was 34.78% and 24.31% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP. Using the Dynamic Light scattering [DLS] for the determination of the hydrodynamic size and surface zeta potential, a narrow sample size distribution was obtained of (18, 68, and 190 nm for charcoal, 105, 255, and 712 nm for doxorubicin, and 91, 295, and 955 nm for sorafenib), respectively. A surface charge of −13.2, −15.6 and −17 was obtained for charcoal, doxorubicin/charcoal, and sorafenib/charcoal nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP was evaluated in-vitro against HepG2 cell lines and it was observed that Drug loaded ACNP improved anticancer activity when compared to Doxorubicin or Sorafenib alone. Moreover, testing the toxicity potential of DOX-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP showed a significant reduction in the hemolysis of red blood cells when compared to Doxorubicin and Sorafenib alone. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is notable to state that this study is regarded as the first to investigate the use of Activated charcoal for the loading of Doxorubicin and Sorafenib for further use in the arena of hepatocellular carcinoma. Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP showed noteworthy anticancer activity along with a reduced potential of RBCs hemolysis rendering it as an efficacious carrier with a low toxicity potential.

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1%and 2%BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach,and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed.Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance(indicated by greater weight gain(1.13–1.14 times),higher specific growth rate(1.04 times),and lower feed conversion ratio(0.88–0.89 times))compared to that of the control(P<0.05).Histological examination revealed significant longer villus(3.22–5.54 times),deeper crypt(1.77–1.87 times),and thicker muscle(1.59–3.17 times)in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC(P<0.05).Furthermore,we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species(Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli),but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes(Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii).Therefore,dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora,by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.

Adsorption Properties of Phosphate by CaCl2-loaded Straw Microwave Charcoal

Phosphate is the main limiting factor of water eutrophication. In order to effectively control phosphorus pollution in water, straw microwave charcoal(CaCl2SBC) was prepared with straw after CaCl2activation and microwave biomass carbonization, and the adsorption effect of phosphate by CaCl2SBC was analyzed. The results showed that the prepared straw microwave charcoal contained hydroxyl and carbon-carbon double bonds, and CaCl2SBC had a very obvious adsorption effect on phosphate in eutrophic water. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of phosphate by CaCl2SBC are as follows: initial concentration of phosphate was 50 mg/L;adsorption time was 120 min;pH was 9;adsorption temperature was 25 ℃;CaCl2SBC dosage was 300 mg/L. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum removal rate can reach 99%. The prepared straw microwave charcoal can be used for phosphorus removal from eutrophic water.

Natural Solar Drying and Charcoal Production by Pyrolysis of Empty Shells of Cocoa Pods Using a Carbonisation Stove Fitted with a Chimney

The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since 1960.In West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in 2012.More than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire is the biggest producer.After harvesting,the empty shells,considered as non-useful wastes,are abandoned in the fields where they become a source of pollution.That yields millions of tons of biomass that can be converted into charcoal,instead of being sources of pollution.In the present work,the drying kinetics of the empty wet shells were studied.Then,charcoal production by pyrolysis of those empty shells of cocoa pods was performed,using a carbonisation stove fitted with a chimney.The study showed that the empty shells have a high moisture content.The different phases of the drying were observed.The study compared the drying rates and the diffusion coefficients of a small sample and a big sample.Two experiences of carbonisation of the empty shells were successfully carried out.For the first experiment,the pyrolysis temperatures were recorded and the charcoal mass efficiency calculated.For the second experiment,the temperatures were higher and the result was colored charcoals.The colorations disappeared after some hours.

稻壳炭强化城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属变化特征

为探讨稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥对污泥性质和重金属的影响,本研究以城市污泥为研究对象,添加不同比例稻壳炭对蚯蚓堆肥进行强化处理,探究不同生物炭剂量(污泥干质量的2%、4%、6%、8%)对城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属有效态以及赋存形态的影响。结果表明:堆肥过程中pH呈先上升后降低的趋势,电导率先降低后升高,有机质呈下降趋势;与对照组(不添加稻壳炭)相比,添加不同比例稻壳炭强化后的电导率、有机质分别降低28.96%~47.46%、2.84%~18.87%;稻壳炭强化的污泥堆肥中养分增加,总氮、总磷和总钾在8%添加量时分别提高9.89%、24.39%和2.51%。当稻壳炭添加到蚯蚓堆肥后,重金属从易迁移转化形态向稳定态转化,在8%添加比例时,Cd、Cu、Ni的残渣态占比较对照组分别提高3.57、19.12、9.27个百分点,有效态分别降低56.25%、34.22%、28.20%;添加4%稻壳炭使Pb由可交换态、碳酸盐结合态向稳定的有机结合态转化,且有效态降低27.69%。相关性分析发现稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥,升高堆体pH降低了污泥中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb有效态含量。研究表明,稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥可显著提升城市污泥营养元素,改善理化性质,提高污泥中重金属钝化效率。

基于指纹图谱和化学计量学的生姜及其炮制品的质量评价

目的建立生姜及其炮制品指纹图谱及多成分含量测定方法,评价生姜及其炮制品的质量。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法建立生姜及其炮制品(干姜、炮姜、姜炭)的指纹图谱,同时测定其5个成分的含量,并采用相似度评价和化学模式识别对数据进行分析。结果建立了生姜及其炮制品的指纹图谱,相似度为0.931~0.996,标定15个共有峰,对比标准品,指认出5个成分(6-姜酚、8-姜酚、10-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、姜酮)。HPLC测定生姜及其炮制品(干姜、炮姜、姜炭)中6-姜酚、8-姜酚、10-姜酚含量均符合2020版《中国药典》标准,鲜品生姜中6-姜烯酚、姜酮含量极低,经炮制为干姜、炮姜后其含量显著升高。聚类分析可将生姜及炮制品各分为一类;正交偏最小二乘判别分析筛选出5个变量重要性投影(VIP)值大于1的成分。结论该研究建立的HPLC指纹图谱及含量测定方法专属性强、简便可行、稳定可靠,结合化学识别模式方法,可为生姜及其炮制品的质量评价提供参考。

秸秆炭协助蚯蚓堆肥条件下污泥中重金属时间性变化特征

为降低生活污泥中重金属迁移性和有效性,提高其利用率,以某市生活污水处理厂剩余污泥为研究对象,设置污泥单独堆肥为对照组,添加蚯蚓和不同比例玉米秸秆炭(0%、2%、4%、6%和8%),探究秸秆炭协助蚯蚓堆肥条件下污泥中重金属浓度及其有效态的时间变化规律。结果表明,随堆肥时间增加(0~30 d),污泥pH和总氮(TN)浓度先升高后降低,总有机碳(TOC)浓度逐渐降低,电导率(EC)先降低后升高,总磷(TP)和总钾(TK)浓度逐渐增加,堆肥结束时,pH、TOC浓度和TN浓度分别较初始值平均降低6.38%、20.24%和13.44%;重金属Cd、Zn和Pb浓度先降低后升高,Cu、Ni和Cr浓度先升高后降低;重金属Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn有效态浓度先降低后升高,Cr和Pb有效态浓度先升高后降低,堆肥10 d时,Cd、Cu、Ni和Zn有效态浓度较初始值降低最多,平均降低40.99%、30.65%、16.23%和3.17%。秸秆炭的添加能改善污泥弱酸性环境,提高TK浓度,降低EC和TOC、TN、TP浓度;污泥中重金属(除Pb外)浓度及其有效态(除Cu和Pb外)浓度均随秸秆炭添加比例的增加而降低。通过相关性和逐步回归分析得出,秸秆炭协助蚯蚓堆肥主要通过改变污泥pH及EC与TOC、TP浓度影响重金属有效态浓度,且添加8%玉米秸秆炭时污泥中重金属浓度和有效态浓度降低效果最佳。

兴县碧村遗址小玉梁台地F5建筑遗存研究

碧村遗址地处蔚汾河与黄河交汇处,是一处具有内外双重城垣的石城聚落。本文对碧村遗址小玉梁台地F5 (1)出土的6块木炭进行了树种鉴定、树轮年代学和碳十四年代加速器质谱测定。树种鉴定表明F5的建筑木材为松属双维管束亚属硬木松(Subgen. Diploxylon);利用木炭横切面年轮曲率和photoshop软件判断建筑木材年龄不小于119年,直径不小于27.06厘米;利用树轮年代学方法建立了跨度为68年的硬木松浮动树木年轮年表;对木炭系列样品进行碳十四年代质谱测定,最后一个年轮的年代约为公元前2027年(95.4%),F5建筑营建或修葺年代约为公元前2027年。该研究为小玉梁台地F5建筑构建或修葺提供了基础性资料。

磁改性生物质炭渣对酸性矿山废水中Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

针对酸性矿山废水(Acid Mine Drainage, AMD)中Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)含量过高,生物质炭渣吸附能力有限等问题,以工业固体废弃物生物质炭渣为原材料,采用高锰酸钾和硫酸亚铁对生物质炭渣进行磁改性,制备生物质炭渣负载MnFe_(2)O_(4)的复合磁性材料(BC-MF),并将BC-MF作为去除酸性矿山废水环境中Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的吸附剂。基于单因素试验方法,探究pH值、温度、初始质量浓度、吸附时间、共存金属离子等因素对BC-MF吸附Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)性能的影响,并将吸附动力学、吸附热力学、吸附等温线与扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR)、磁滞回线测试(Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, VSM)、Zeta电位(Zeta potential)等表征方法结合,研究MnFe_(2)O_(4)磁改性生物质炭渣吸附Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的机理。结果显示,改性后的BC-MF对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的去除率均提升20百分点以上,且吸附饱和质量比分别为18.04 mg/g和24.98 mg/g。表征结果显示:MnFe_(2)O_(4)磁性颗粒成功负载到BC-MF上,并使之具有磁性;BC-MF对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)吸附过程均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程是为化学吸附为主的单层均相吸附;热力学结果表明该吸附过程属于自发进行的熵增过程。

喷气涡流纺长片段竹节段彩纱的设计与生产

探讨有色超短纤维在喷气涡流纺花式纱开发中的应用及生产要点。采用有色粘胶超短纤维与本色竹浆纤维、椰炭改性涤纶纤维,在并条机上加装竹节装置,利用喷气涡流纺纱技术纺制成长片段竹节段彩纱。针对粘胶纤维长度相对较短的特点,工艺上尝试采用短流程、减小隔距、降低打击件速度等技术措施。结果表明:开发的喷气涡流纺段彩纱具有段彩片段长、生产效率高的特点,其在布面上色点朦胧,时而形成连续分布,时而散点分布,形成不同于传统段彩纱的独特风格。

梨木炭蒸汽气化制取富氢燃气的试验研究

生物质气化技术已得到广泛的应用,但气化过程产生的焦油会影响设备稳定运行。为了大幅减少焦油的干扰,以梨木的热解炭为原料,在管式炉中进行水蒸气气化制取富氢燃气试验研究,探究了反应温度、K_(2)CO_(3)添加量及利用次数对气化特性的影响。结果表明:900℃时H_(2)的产气量为2.19 L/g,合成气中H_(2)含量超过58%;K_(2)CO_(3)添加量为10%时产气效果最佳,此时合成气中H_(2)+CO含量达到了88.5%。当K_(2)CO_(3)催化剂在第三次利用时,仍有较好的催化效果。

灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱的可纺性研究与生产实践

本文结合生产实践,通过设备改造和半制品及纱测试,分析和讨论各因素对灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱质量的影响,研究前纺工序和细纱工序通过优化工艺参数、采用新型纺纱专件、合理控制车间的温湿度等,明显地提高了灰竹炭纤维/大麻纤维/Coolplus纤维/棉精梳混纺柔洁纱质量。

刺竹活性炭的制备及吸附性能研究

【目的】为充分利用刺竹Bambusa sinospinosa材,提高其利用率,进一步探究刺竹活性炭的生产工艺及使用领域,以达到提升其附加值的目的。【方法】以刺竹炭为原料,使用水蒸气活化法,采用单因素实验法探究温度、时间、水蒸气量对刺竹活性炭的得率及吸附性能的影响。使用傅里叶红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对刺竹活性炭进行测试和表征。【结果】①刺竹活性炭的最优活化工艺为:活化温度875℃、活化时间2.0 h、水蒸气量0.50 L·h^(−1)。在该工艺下制备的刺竹活性炭得率为29.07%,强度达97.68%,碘吸附值为1235.03 mg·g^(−1),亚甲基蓝吸附值为276 mg·g^(−1),吸附性能较好。②红外吸收光谱表明:经活化之后峰值在3130、3010、1670 cm^(−1)等处变弱,876、809、747 cm^(−1)处吸收峰消失,但主要峰依然存在;XRD分析表明:活性炭中含有石墨α轴结构;经比表面积测试和电镜观察,最优工艺活化后的刺竹活性炭孔隙发达,孔容、孔径都有不同程度的提升,总孔容为0.489 cm^(3)·g^(−1),微孔容为0.388 cm^(3)·g^(−1),平均孔径为23.378 nm,BET比表面积为837.005 m^(2)·g^(−1)。【结论】使用最优活化工艺所制备的刺竹活性炭具有较好的性能,可用于吸附、除污等不同场合。

竹炭掺杂铋系光催化剂的制备及其对有机污染物的降解研究

本研究以竹浆备料废弃物为原料,通过磷酸活化法制得竹炭,再利用水热法制备了竹炭/BiOCl复合催化剂,并探究了竹炭添加量和水热温度对复合催化剂光催化性能的影响。结果表明,竹炭保留了竹子本身的孔道结构,改变竹炭的添加量可实现对竹炭/BiOCl复合催化剂形貌的调控,为吸附污染物提供了良好的条件。竹炭和BiOCl之间发生的强相互作用,显著改善了BiOCl的吸附-光催化性能和氧空位含量,提高了光生电子传输效率,从而优化了复合催化剂的光催化降解效果。在水热温度140℃和竹炭添加量5%的条件下所制复合催化剂5BC-140,其可见光催化性能最佳,对罗丹明B的去除率在30 min内即可达86.5%,一阶动力学常数k为BiOCl的4.2倍,且具有优异的稳定性和可循环性能。

竹炭配煤成型活性炭吸附性能研究

【目的】为了探究煤与生物质配比对制备成型活性炭的颗粒强度、表观密度、碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值以及孔隙结构等影响。【方法】该研究以竹炭配煤制备成型炭,经过水蒸气活化制备颗粒活性炭,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、热重法(Thermogravimetry,TG)、氮气等温吸脱附等表征手段深入分析竹炭配煤成型活性炭的理化特性。【结果】竹炭引入会提高成型活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值,降低成型活性炭强度、表观密度,影响成型活性炭的使用效果。【结论】当煤炭∶竹炭为1∶3时,吸附性能与强度指标均满足要求,此时活性炭碘吸附值以及亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为934.7、165 mg·g^(-1),强度为86.4%,达到饮用水国标规定,具有良好的商业应用前景。

山茱萸炭有效成分的含量测定及止血作用研究

目的分析山茱萸炭与山茱萸中有效成分的含量变化及山茱萸炭对止血作用的影响,为阐明山茱萸炭作用机制奠定基础。方法通过采用高效液相测定生品和炒炭后山茱萸的马钱苷、莫诺苷、熊果酸含量变化,采用苯酚-硫酸法和干酪素-磷钼钨酸法测定山茱萸多糖和没食子酸的含量,测定不同剂量的山茱萸炭对小鼠凝血时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)和纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)。结果山茱萸炭中莫诺苷含量显著减少,马钱苷、熊果酸含量略有增加,没食子酸含量显著增加,山茱萸多糖含量基本不变。另外,中、低剂量组的山茱萸炭可以显著降低小鼠的凝血时间,可以显著降低小鼠的TT。结论山茱萸炭可以在一定程度上促进小鼠的凝血,表现出一定炒炭止血的特点。本研究有效拓展了山茱萸的炮制方法和功效范围、发展了中药炭药的种类,具有重要的应用和理论价值。

有机肥配施生物质炭对根际/非根际土壤氮赋存形态的影响

阐明化肥和有机肥配施生物质炭对根际/非根际土壤养分和氮赋存形态的影响,有助于农田氮的高效利用及科学管理。采用盆栽试验方法,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、施有机肥(M)、化肥配施生物质炭(CFB)、有机肥配施生物质炭(MB)、新鲜有机肥配施生物质炭(FMB)6个处理,通过测定根际及非根际土壤养分含量和土壤氮赋存形态,阐明不同施肥处理对氮形态转化的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,MB处理提高非根际及根际土壤pH 0.32和0.28个单位,FMB处理提高根际土壤pH 0.63个单位;MB和FMB处理分别提高根际土壤有机质含量25.4%和84.9%,同时显著提高根际土壤全氮含量25.4%和50.9%,表现出明显的根际效应。施肥能显著提高土壤离子交换态氮(IEF-N)含量,以CF和CFB处理的效果最好。施用有机肥和生物质炭能显著提高土壤碳酸盐结合态氮(CF-N)含量,以M和MB处理效果最好,且CF-N存在根际富集效应。配施生物质炭(CFB、MB和FMB)处理能促进土壤非可转化态氮(NTF-N)向铁锰氧化物结合态氮(IMOF-N)和有机硫化物结合态氮(OSF-N)这两种活性更高的氮形态转化,其中IMOF-N和OSF-N分别占可转化态氮的35.9%~61.7%和26.7%~46.6%,是根际及非根际土壤可转化态氮(TF-N)的主要成分。因此,有机肥配施生物质炭是改善根际及非根际土壤养分和调控氮转化有效的方式。

HPLC图谱研究大黄“炒炭存性”

目的建立大黄HPLC指纹图谱,并根据主要成分峰面积的变化,分析不同炮制时间对大黄炭饮片质量的影响。方法采用Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1);检测波长为280 nm,柱温为35℃,建立HPLC指纹图谱;采用“中药色谱指纹相似度评价系统(2012版)”对不同产地的大黄样品图谱进行处理,并对不同炮制时间的大黄炭样品进行HPLC图谱的分析与对比。结果建立的大黄HPLC指纹图谱确定了18个共有峰,通过与对照品比对,指认了8个成分,分别为没食子酸、儿茶素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和5-羟甲基糠醛;同时,通过HPLC色谱图的比对,发现了大黄炭生成了5个新成分,发现了大黄炭不同炮制时间,各成分的变化趋势。结论建立的大黄HPLC指纹图谱方法重现性好,稳定可行;大黄的“炒炭存性”HPLC色谱图研究,可为大黄炭饮片质量控制和评价提供参考。

Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC的结构及其光催化CO_(2)还原特性

采用尿素水热法制备了类水滑石(Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs),将其负载于氧化椰壳活性炭(OBAC)表面制得Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC光催化剂,通过XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TEM、N_(2)吸附-脱附等温线、XPS、CO_(2)静态吸附等温线、CO_(2)-TPD、UV-Vis和EIS等手段对其进行表征,基于Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs构建Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC的结构模型,利用CO_(2)-水反应体系研究其光催化CO_(2)还原特性。结果表明:Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs中Ti^(4+)、Li^(+)取代MgAl-LDHs中Mg^(2+)形成以Ti^(4+)、Li^(+)为中心的八面体结构,斜方堆积(3R)形成2D层片结构,层间阴离子为CO_(2)-3。Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC呈球状包覆结构,六边形层片Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs垂直生长于OBAC表面;在反应温度80℃、反应时间8 h条件下,Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC的光催化CO_(2)还原CO产率、CH 4产率和CO/CH 4产率比分别为42.62、1.18μmol/g和36。OBAC的碳缺陷增强了催化剂对CO_(2)的吸附活化能力,显著提高Ti_(1)Li_(3)Al_(2)-LDHs@OBAC光催化CO_(2)还原活性。